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Alpha-smooth muscle actin and serotonin receptors 2A and 2B in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. Res Vet Sci 2015; 100:197-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Cremer SE, Zois NE, Moesgaard SG, Ravn N, Cirera S, Honge JL, Smerup MH, Hasenkam JM, Sloth E, Leifsson PS, Falk T, Oyama MA, Orton C, Martinussen T, Olsen LH. Serotonin markers show altered transcription levels in an experimental pig model of mitral regurgitation. Vet J 2014; 203:192-8. [PMID: 25599900 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) signalling is implicated in the pathogenesis of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) through 5-HT1B receptor (R), 5-HT2AR and 5-HT2BR-induced myxomatous pathology. Based on increased tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (TPH-1) and decreased serotonin re-uptake transporter (SERT) in MMVD-affected valves, increased valvular 5-HT synthesis and decreased clearance have been suggested. It remains unknown how haemodynamic changes associated with mitral regurgitation (MR) affect 5-HT markers in the mitral valve, myocardium and circulation. Twenty-eight pigs underwent surgically induced MR or sham-operation, resulting in three MR groups: control (CON, n = 12), mild MR (mMR, n = 10) and severe MR (sMR, n = 6). The gene expression levels of 5-HT1BR, 5-HT2AR, 5-HT2BR, SERT and TPH-1 were analysed using quantitative PCR (qPCR) in the mitral valve (MV), anterior papillary muscle (AP) and left ventricle (LV). MV 5-HT2BR was also analysed with immunohistochemistry (IHC) in relation to histological lesions and valvular myofibroblasts. All 5-HTR mRNAs were up-regulated in MV compared to AP and LV (P <0.01). In contrast, SERT and TPH-1 were up-regulated in AP and LV compared to MV (P <0.05). In MV, mRNA levels were increased for 5-HT2BR (P = 0.02) and decreased for SERT (P = 0.03) in sMR vs. CON. There were no group differences in 5-HT2BR staining (IHC) but co-localisation was found with α-SMA-positive cells in 91% of all valves and with 33% of histological lesions. In LV, 5-HT1BR mRNA levels were increased in sMR vs. CON (P = 0.01). In conclusion, these data suggest that MR may affect mRNA expression of valvular 5-HT2BR and SERT, and left ventricular 5-HT1BR in some pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Cremer
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - N E Zois
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - N Ravn
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S Cirera
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - J L Honge
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M H Smerup
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J M Hasenkam
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - E Sloth
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - P S Leifsson
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - T Falk
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - M A Oyama
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C Orton
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - T Martinussen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L H Olsen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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