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Cristina de Castro Faria S, Costa HS, Hung J, Gorle de Miranda Chaves A, Paes de Oliveira FA, Padilha da Silva JL, Esteves WAM, Tan TC, Levine RA, Pereira Nunes MC. Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure Response to Exercise in Patients with Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis: Determinants and Prognostic Value. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2020; 33:550-558. [PMID: 32127221 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2019.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension in response to exercise is a marker of the hemodynamic severity of mitral stenosis (MS). However, the factors related to elevated pulmonary pressure with exercise are not well defined. The aim of this study was to assess the parameters associated with the pulmonary pressure response to exercise in patients with pure rheumatic MS. An additional aim was to determine the impact of exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension on clinical outcome. METHODS One hundred thirty patients with MS (94% women; mean age, 45 ± 11 years) underwent exercise echocardiography. A range of echocardiographic parameters were obtained at rest and at peak exercise. Symptom-limited graded ramp bicycle exercise was performed in the supine position. The primary end point was mitral valve intervention, either percutaneous or surgical. RESULTS In the overall population, systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) increased from 38.3 ± 13.4 mm Hg at rest to 65.8 ± 20.7 mm Hg during exercise. Increases in mean mitral gradient, right ventricular function, left atrial volume, and net atrioventricular compliance were independently associated with SPAP at peak exercise, after adjusting for changes in heart rate. During the follow-up period (median, 17 months; range, 1-45 months), 46 adverse clinical events were observed. By multivariate Cox proportional-hazards analysis adjusted for age and sex, SPAP achieved at peak exercise was an important predictor of adverse outcome (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.025; 95% CI, 1.010-1.040; P = .001). New York Heart Association functional class (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.459; 95% CI, 1.509-4.006; P < .001) and the interaction between valve area and net atrioventricular compliance (P = .001) were also significant predictors of adverse events. Time-dependent areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the model with SPAP during exercise were better than for the model with SPAP at rest, with a significant improvement from 3 years onward. CONCLUSIONS In patients with MS, the pulmonary artery pressure response to exercise is determined by a combination of factors, including transmitral mean gradient at exercise, net atrioventricular compliance, left atrial volume, and right ventricular function. Pulmonary artery pressure at peak exercise is a predictor of clinical outcomes and adds incremental prognostic value beyond that provided by standard resting measurements, including valve area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanny Cristina de Castro Faria
- Postgraduate Course of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Henrique Silveira Costa
- Postgraduate Course of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Judy Hung
- Cardiac Ultrasound Lab, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - William Antonio M Esteves
- Postgraduate Course of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Timothy C Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Blacktown Hospital, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert A Levine
- Cardiac Ultrasound Lab, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria Carmo Pereira Nunes
- Postgraduate Course of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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