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Chen Y, Li J, Li F, Chen Z, Chen Z, Luo J, Qiu H, Chen W, Hu J, Luo X, Tan Y, Rathinasabapathy A, Chen J, Li J. Impact of Epicardial Adipose Tissue on Right Cardiac Function and Prognosis in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Chest 2024; 165:1211-1223. [PMID: 38040053 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is linked to effects on survival in left-sided heart failure, the association between EAT and right-sided heart failure caused by pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains unknown. RESEARCH QUESTION What are the potential impacts of EAT volume (EATV) on right ventricular function, biomarkers of myocardial injury, and long-term prognosis in patients with PAH? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 135 age- and BMI-matched patients with PAH and 49 control participants were included in this study. EATV was quantified by using cardiac magnetic resonance and was related to clinical correlates, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, and cardiac function. Levels of EATV associated with the risk of clinical worsening were evaluated on a continuous scale (restricted cubic splines) and by previously defined centile categories with Cox proportional hazards regression models and Kaplan-Meier survival estimates. RESULTS Compared with the control participants, patients with PAH had a lower EATV (ln [EATV], 3.2 ± 0.8 mL vs 3.5 ± 0.7 mL; P = .034). The association of EATV with right ventricular end-diastolic volume (Pnonlinear = .001), right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (P < .001), right ventricular cardiac output (P = .003), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (P = .030), and the risk of clinical worsening (P = .014) was U shaped. Compared with individuals with middle-level EATV, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for clinical worsening was 6.0 (95% CI, 1.3-27.8) for the individuals with low-level EATV and 6.8 (95% CI, 1.5-30.2) for high-level EATV in patients with PAH. INTERPRETATION Patients with PAH had a decreased EATV compared with control participants. EATV exhibited a U-shaped association with right ventricular function and biomarkers of myocardial injury in patients with PAH. Low and high levels of EATV might reduce long-term event-free survival in patients with PAH. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry; No. ChiCTR2100049804; www.chictr.org.cn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusi Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, China
| | - Junli Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Zhuzhou Central Hospital of Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai City, China
| | - Zhangling Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, China
| | - Haihua Qiu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, China
| | - Junjiao Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, China
| | - Xiaoqin Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, China
| | - Yingjie Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, China
| | | | - Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha City, China.
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Cheang I, Zhu X, Yue X, Tang Y, Gao Y, Lu X, Shi S, Liao S, Yao W, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Zhu Y, Xu Y, Li X. Prognostic value of ventricle epicardial fat volume by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in chronic heart failure. iScience 2023; 26:106755. [PMID: 37216103 PMCID: PMC10196556 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the prognostic values of ventricle epicardial fat volume (EFV) calculated by cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). A total of 516 patients with CHF (left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 50%) were recruited, and 136 (26.4%) of whom experienced major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) within median follow-up of 24 months. The target marker-EFV was found to be associated with MACE in both univariate and multivariable analysis adjusted for various clinical variables (p < 0.01), regardless as a continuous variable and categorized by X-tile program. EFV also showed promising predictive ability, with an area under the curve of 0.612, 0.618, and 0.687 for the prediction of 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year MACE, respectively. In conclusion, EFV could be a useful prognostic marker for CHF patients, helping to identify individuals at greater risk of MACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iokfai Cheang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xin Yue
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yuan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yujie Gao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xinyi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shi Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shengen Liao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wenming Yao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yanli Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Yinsu Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xinli Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
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Cheładze P, Martuszewski A, Poręba R, Gać P. The Importance of the Assessment of Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Scientific Research. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195621. [PMID: 36233489 PMCID: PMC9570982 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) exhibits morphological similarities with pericardial adipose tissue, however, it has different embryological origin and vascularization. EAT is a metabolically active organ and a major source of anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory adipokines, which have a significant impact on cardiac function and morphology. Moreover, it can regulate vascular tone by releasing various molecules. The relationship between EAT and cardiovascular disease and diseases of other organ systems is now considered a common discussion subject. The present clinical review article summarizes the epidemiological findings based on imaging techniques in studies conducted so far. In conclusion, evaluation of the epicardial adipose tissue constitutes a helpful scientific parameter, which can be assessed by means of different diagnostic imaging examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Cheładze
- Centre for Diagnostic Imaging, 4th Military Hospital, Weigla 5, PL 50-981 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adrian Martuszewski
- Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, PL 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Poręba
- Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, PL 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Gać
- Centre for Diagnostic Imaging, 4th Military Hospital, Weigla 5, PL 50-981 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, PL 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: or
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Role of Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030355. [PMID: 35336728 PMCID: PMC8945130 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death worldwide. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular events and a promising new therapeutic target in CVDs. Here, we summarize the currently available evidence regarding the role of EAT in the development of CVDs, including coronary artery disease, heart failure and atrial fibrillation; compile data regarding the association between EAT’s function and the course of COVID-19; and present new potential therapeutic possibilities, aiming at modifying EAT’s function. The development of novel therapies specifically targeting EAT could revolutionize the prognosis in CVDs. Abstract Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death worldwide. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is defined as a fat depot localized between the myocardial surface and the visceral layer of the pericardium and is a type of visceral fat. EAT is one of the most important risk factors for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events and a promising new therapeutic target in CVDs. In health conditions, EAT has a protective function, including protection against hypothermia or mechanical stress, providing myocardial energy supply from free fatty acid and release of adiponectin. In patients with obesity, metabolic syndrome, or diabetes mellitus, EAT becomes a deleterious tissue promoting the development of CVDs. Previously, we showed an adverse modulation of gene expression in pericoronary adipose tissue in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Here, we summarize the currently available evidence regarding the role of EAT in the development of CVDs, including CAD, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. Due to the rapid development of the COVID-19 pandemic, we also discuss data regarding the association between EAT and the course of COVID-19. Finally, we present the potential therapeutic possibilities aiming at modifying EAT’s function. The development of novel therapies specifically targeting EAT could revolutionize the prognosis in CVDs.
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Metabolic syndrome, fatty liver, and artificial intelligence-based epicardial adipose tissue measures predict long-term risk of cardiac events: a prospective study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:27. [PMID: 33514365 PMCID: PMC7847161 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01220-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We sought to evaluate the association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and computed tomography (CT)-derived cardiometabolic biomarkers (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD] and epicardial adipose tissue [EAT] measures) with long-term risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in asymptomatic individuals. Methods This was a post-hoc analysis of the prospective EISNER (Early-Identification of Subclinical Atherosclerosis by Noninvasive Imaging Research) study of participants who underwent baseline coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring CT and 14-year follow-up for MACE (myocardial infarction, late revascularization, or cardiac death). EAT volume (cm3) and attenuation (Hounsfield units [HU]) were quantified from CT using fully automated deep learning software (< 30 s per case). NAFLD was defined as liver-to-spleen attenuation ratio < 1.0 and/or average liver attenuation < 40 HU. Results In the final population of 2068 participants (59% males, 56 ± 9 years), those with MetS (n = 280;13.5%) had a greater prevalence of NAFLD (26.0% vs. 9.9%), higher EAT volume (114.1 cm3 vs. 73.7 cm3), and lower EAT attenuation (−76.9 HU vs. −73.4 HU; all p < 0.001) compared to those without MetS. At 14 ± 3 years, MACE occurred in 223 (10.8%) participants. In multivariable Cox regression, MetS was associated with increased risk of MACE (HR 1.58 [95% CI 1.10–2.27], p = 0.01) independently of CAC score; however, not after adjustment for EAT measures (p = 0.27). In a separate Cox analysis, NAFLD predicted MACE (HR 1.78 [95% CI 1.21–2.61], p = 0.003) independently of MetS, CAC score, and EAT measures. Addition of EAT volume to current risk assessment tools resulted in significant net reclassification improvement for MACE (22% over ASCVD risk score; 17% over ASCVD risk score plus CAC score). Conclusions MetS, NAFLD, and artificial intelligence-based EAT measures predict long-term MACE risk in asymptomatic individuals. Imaging biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease have the potential for integration into routine reporting of CAC scoring CT to enhance cardiovascular risk stratification. Trial registration NCT00927693.
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