1
|
Cresti A, Camara O. Left Atrial Thrombus-Are All Atria and Appendages Equal? Card Electrophysiol Clin 2023; 15:119-132. [PMID: 37076224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Although the left atrial appendage (LAA) seems useless, it has several critical functions that are not fully known yet, such as the causes for being the main origin of cardioembolic stroke. Difficulties arise due to the extreme range of LAA morphologic variability, making the definition of normality challenging and hampering the stratification of thrombotic risk. Furthermore, obtaining quantitative metrics of its anatomy and function from patient data is not straightforward. A multimodality imaging approach, using advanced computational tools for their analysis, allows a complete characterization of the LAA to individualize medical decisions related to left atrial thrombosis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cresti
- Cardiology Department, Misericordia Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Toscana SudEst, Via Senese, Grosseto 58100, Italy
| | - Oscar Camara
- BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Tànger 122, Barcelona 08018, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bonczar M, Piątek-Koziej K, Wolska J, Tomala O, Stitou EA, Pękala J, Pękala P, Walocha J, Hołda M, Koziej M. Variations in human pulmonary vein ostia morphology: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Clin Anat 2022; 35:906-926. [PMID: 35460116 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish the most accurate and up-to-date anatomical knowledge of pulmonary veins (PV), ostia variations, diameters and ostial area, to provide physicians, especially heart and thoracic surgeons with exact knowledge concerning this area. The main online medical databases, such as PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, were searched to gather all studies in which the variations, maximal diameter, and ostial area of the PVs were investigated. During the study, the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Additionally, the critical appraisal tool for anatomical meta-analysis (CATAM) was used to provide the highest quality findings. The most common ostia variation is the classical one, which contains the left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV), left inferior pulmonary vein (LIPV), right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV) and right inferior pulmonary vein (RIPV). The mean diameter and ostial area of each pulmonary vein were established in the general population and in multiple variations considering the method of collecting the data and geographical location. Significant variability in PV ostia is observed. Left-sided PVs have smaller ostia than the corresponding right-sided PVs, and the inferior PVs ostia are smaller than the superior. The LCPV ostium size is the largest among all veins analyzed, while the RMPV ostium is the smallest. The results of this meta-analysis are hoped to help clinicians in planning and performing procedures that involve the pulmonary and cardiac areas, especially catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Bonczar
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Wolska
- Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Olaf Tomala
- Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - El-Ayachi Stitou
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jakub Pękala
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Przemysław Pękala
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jerzy Walocha
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mateusz Hołda
- HEART - Heart Embryology and Anatomy Research Team, Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.,Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Mateusz Koziej
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.,HEART - Heart Embryology and Anatomy Research Team, Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cresti A, Camara O. Left Atrial Thrombus-Are All Atria and Appendages Equal? Interv Cardiol Clin 2022; 11:121-134. [PMID: 35361457 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccl.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although the left atrial appendage (LAA) seems useless, it has several critical functions that are not fully known yet, such as the causes for being the main origin of cardioembolic stroke. Difficulties arise due to the extreme range of LAA morphologic variability, making the definition of normality challenging and hampering the stratification of thrombotic risk. Furthermore, obtaining quantitative metrics of its anatomy and function from patient data is not straightforward. A multimodality imaging approach, using advanced computational tools for their analysis, allows a complete characterization of the LAA to individualize medical decisions related to left atrial thrombosis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cresti
- Cardiology Department, Misericordia Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Toscana SudEst, Via Senese, Grosseto 58100, Italy
| | - Oscar Camara
- BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Tànger 122, Barcelona 08018, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|