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Pérez-Romero N, Campos-Jara C, Pesce C, Araya Sierralta S, Cerda-Vega E, Ramirez-Campillo R, Campos-Jara R, Martínez-Salazar C, Arellano-Roco C, Contreras-Osorio F. Effects of physical exercise on executive functions of individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296273. [PMID: 38165903 PMCID: PMC10760781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Executive functions are commonly impaired in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Physical exercise has the potential for improving executive functions and can be easily implemented as a therapeutic method. However, there are only few systematic reviews of exercise effects in schizophrenia including cognitive outcomes, and no meta-analytical syntheses of effects on "cool" and "hot" executive functions. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis will be to determine the effects of physical exercise on "cool" and "hot" executive functions of adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This protocol was guided by PRISMA-P guidelines. Studies will be searched using combinations of keywords and medical terms in the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO databases. Inclusion criteria will be determined as per PICOS approach. The risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane RoB2 tool. The certainty of evidence (per outcome) will be assessed using the GRADE method. The meta-analyses will be performed using the DerSimonian and Laird random effects model. Effect sizes (Hedges' g) with 95% confidence intervals will be calculated for each main outcome. CONCLUSIONS The results of this review may be useful for mental health professionals to design treatment plans for adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, offering potential benefits related to the quality of life and cognitive abilities of this population. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023392295.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Pérez-Romero
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Postgraduate, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Christian Campos-Jara
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Caterina Pesce
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Enrique Cerda-Vega
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Cristian Martínez-Salazar
- Department of Physical Education, Sports, and Recreation, Pedagogy in Physical Education, School of Education and Social Sciences and Humanities, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Cristián Arellano-Roco
- Laboratorio de Neuromecanica Aplicada, Escuela de kinesiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Falonn Contreras-Osorio
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Tse JSY, Haslam N. Individual differences in the expansiveness of mental disorder concepts: development and validation of concept breadth scales. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:718. [PMID: 37794333 PMCID: PMC10548567 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND What people consider to be a mental disorder is likely to influence how they perceive others who are experiencing problems and whether they seek help for their own problems. However, no measure is available to assess individual differences in the expansiveness or breadth of concepts of mental disorder. Four studies aimed to develop and validate two such measures. The Concept Breadth-Vertical (CB-V) scale assesses variability in the severity threshold at which unusual behavior or experience is judged to reflect disorder, whereas the Concept Breadth-Horizontal (CB-H) scale assesses variability in the range of phenomena judged to be disorders. METHODS In a pilot study (N = 201) for the CB-V, participants read vignettes of varying severity for each of the 10 mental disorders, and rated whether the subject had a disorder. Study 1 (N = 502) used exploratory factor analyses to examine 10 CB-V items from the pilot study and 20 vignette-based items for constructing the CB-H. Study 2 (N = 298) employed confirmatory factor analysis to validate the scales' structure and examined their convergent validity with a measure of harm concept breadth and their discriminant validity with measures of mental health literacy. Study 3 (N = 298) explored associations of the scales with other mental health variables, including stigma and help-seeking attitudes. RESULTS Study 1 supported the unifactorial structure of each item set, refined each set into a scale, and demonstrated acceptable reliabilities. Study 2 provided support for the scales' convergent and discriminant validities. Study 3 showed that the scales were associated negatively with stigma, and positively with help-seeking attitudes and self-reported mental health problems. Studies 2 and 3 further indicated that younger and more politically liberal participants hold broader concepts of mental disorder. CONCLUSIONS The new concept breadth scales are psychometrically sound measures of a promising new concept in the study of beliefs and attitudes about mental health. Potential future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse S Y Tse
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Nick Haslam
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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Wang YM, Zou LQ, Xie WL, Yang ZY, Zhu XZ, Cheung EFC, Sørensen TA, Møller A, Chan RCK. Altered Functional Connectivity of the Default Mode Network in Patients With Schizo-obsessive Comorbidity: A Comparison Between Schizophrenia and Obsessive-compulsive Disorder. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:199-210. [PMID: 29365198 PMCID: PMC6293227 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbx194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and neuroimaging data support the idea that schizo-obsessive comorbidity (SOC), similar to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and schizophrenia (SCZ), may be a distinct brain disorder. In this study, we examined the strength of resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between 19 subregions of the default mode network (DMN) and whole brain voxels in 22 patients with SOC features, 20 patients with SCZ alone, 22 patients with OCD, and 22 healthy controls (HC). The main results demonstrated that patients with SOC exhibited the highest rsFC strength within subregions of the DMN and the lowest rsFC strength between the DMN and subregions of the salience network (SN) compared with the other 3 groups. In addition, compared with HCs, all 3 patient groups exhibited increased rsFC between subregions of the DMN and the executive control network (ECN). The SOC and SCZ group both exhibited increased rsFC between subregions of the DMN and the middle temporal gyrus, but the OCD group exhibited decreased rsFC between them. These findings highlight a specific alteration in functional connectivity in the DMN in patients with SOC, and provide new insights into the dysfunctional brain organization of different mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-ming Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, PR China,Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, PR China,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lai-quan Zou
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, PR China,Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-lan Xie
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, PR China,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo-ya Yang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, PR China,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiong-zhao Zhu
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Eric F C Cheung
- Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Thomas Alrik Sørensen
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, PR China,Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Arne Møller
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, PR China,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, PR China,Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, PR China,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing 100101, China; tel/fax: +86-10-64852558; e-mail:
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Fernández-Sogorb A, Inglés CJ, Sanmartín R, Gonzálvez C, Vicent M, García-Fernández YJM. Validation of the Visual Analogue Scale for Anxiety-Revised and school refusal across anxiety profiles. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2018; 18:264-272. [PMID: 30487932 PMCID: PMC6225016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES This paper aimed to validate the Spanish version of scores of the Visual Analogue Scale for Anxiety-Revised (VAA-R) in child population, and to verify the existence of anxiety profiles and to relate them to school refusal. METHOD The sample was made up of 911 Spanish students between 8 and 12 years old (M = 9.61, SD = 1.23). The measures used were the VAA-R and the School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised for Children (SRAS-R-C). RESULTS Confirmatory factorial analysis supported the three-dimensional VAA-R structure: Anticipatory Anxiety (AA), School-based performance Anxiety (SA) and Generalized Anxiety (GA). The VAA-R has an adequate reliability and structural invariance across sex and age. No latent mean differences were found across sex, but did occur through age in AA and GA factors. Cluster analysis identified four child anxiety profiles: High Anxiety, High Anxiety School-type, Low Anxiety, and Moderate Anxiety, which differed significantly in all dimensions of school refusal. CONCLUSIONS These findings may be useful for the assessment and treatment of anxious symptoms originated at school.
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Wagner G, Zeiler M, Waldherr K, Philipp J, Truttmann S, Dür W, Treasure JL, Karwautz AFK. Mental health problems in Austrian adolescents: a nationwide, two-stage epidemiological study applying DSM-5 criteria. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 26:1483-1499. [PMID: 28540609 PMCID: PMC5701961 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-017-0999-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This is a nationwide epidemiological study using DSM-5 criteria to assess the prevalence of mental disorders in a large sample of Austrian adolescents between 10 and 18 years including hard-to-reach samples. A sample of 3615 adolescents from four cohorts (school grades 5, 7, 9, 11; age range 10-18 years) was recruited from 261 schools, samples of unemployed adolescents (n = 39) and adolescents from mental health institutions (n = 137) were added. The Youth Self-Report and SCOFF were used to screen for mental health problems. In a second phase, the Childrens' Diagnostic Interview for Mental Disorders was used to make point and lifetime psychiatric diagnoses. Mental health service use was also assessed. Point prevalence and lifetime prevalence rates for at least one psychiatric disorder were 23.9% and 35.8%. The highest lifetime prevalence rates were found for anxiety disorders (15.6%), neurodevelopmental disorders (9.3%; ADHD 5.2%) and depressive disorders (6.2%). Forty-seven percent of adolescents with a lifetime psychiatric disorder had a second diagnosis. Internalising disorders were more prevalent in girls, while neurodevelopmental disorders and disruptive, impulse control and conduct disorders were more prevalent in boys. Of those with a lifetime psychiatric disorder, 47.5% had contacted mental health services. Of the residual 52.5% who had not contacted mental health services, 18.1% expressed an interest in treatment. DSM-5 mental health disorders are highly prevalent among Austrian adolescents. Over 50% had or were interested in accessing treatment. Early access to effective interventions for these problems is needed to reduce burden due to mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun Wagner
- Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michael Zeiler
- Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Health Promotion Research, Untere Donaustraße 47/3, 1020, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Waldherr
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Health Promotion Research, Untere Donaustraße 47/3, 1020, Vienna, Austria
- FernFH Distance - Learning University of Applied Sciences, Zulingergasse 4, 3200, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Julia Philipp
- Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Truttmann
- Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Dür
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Health Promotion Research, Untere Donaustraße 47/3, 1020, Vienna, Austria
| | - Janet L Treasure
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College University, London, UK
| | - Andreas F K Karwautz
- Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Giam A, Tung YL, Tibrewal P, Dhillon R, Bastiampillai T. Folie à deux and Delusional Parasitosis. Asian J Psychiatr 2017; 28:152-153. [PMID: 28784373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Giam
- Glenside Campus, 226 Fullarton Road, Glenside, SA, 5065, Australia.
| | - Yan Lam Tung
- School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Prashant Tibrewal
- Cramond Clinic TQEH, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 28 Woodville Road, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
| | - Rohan Dhillon
- CALHN-Mental Health, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 28 Woodville Road, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
| | - Tarun Bastiampillai
- Mental Health Strategy, Department of Psychiatry, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia; SA Health, Australia.
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Senín-Calderón C, Perona-Garcelán S, Ruíz-Veguilla M, Rodríguez-Testal JF. Leiden Index of Depression Sensitivity-Revised (LEIDS-R): Spanish validation proposal. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2017; 17:139-150. [PMID: 30487889 PMCID: PMC6220899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To adapt and validate the Leiden Index of Depression Sensitivity-Revised for evaluating cognitive reactivity to depressive mood to Spanish and validate this Spanish version. To find the scale's factor structure and psychometric properties. The sample consisted of 600 participants (103 patients and 497 subjects from the general population). A four-factor structure was found, a general factor evaluating cognitive reactivity was proposed and ten items were eliminated. A brief version of the (LEIDS-R24) scale is proposed. The factors and the overall scale have adequate internal consistency, and the results of validation show that all the factors on the scale predict depressive symptomatology (BDI-II) adequately, and are highly correlated with the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale and BDI-II scales. The complete scale adequately discriminated depressive symptomatology in general population subjects and patients with anxiety and depressive disorders. No significant differences were found in the LEIDS-R24 measurement between subjects with anxiety and depressive disorder. The LEIDS-R24 scale may be a useful brief measure for evaluating cognitive reactivity to depressive mood and analyzing the vulnerability which could be common to persons with anxiety and depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salvador Perona-Garcelán
- Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
- Virgen del Rocío Outpatient Mental Hospital, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruíz-Veguilla
- Virgen del Rocío Outpatient Mental Hospital, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
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Romero M, Aguilar JM, Del-Rey-Mejías Á, Mayoral F, Rapado M, Peciña M, Barbancho MÁ, Ruiz-Veguilla M, Lara JP. Psychiatric comorbidities in autism spectrum disorder: A comparative study between DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 diagnosis. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2016; 16:266-275. [PMID: 30487870 PMCID: PMC6225088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective: The heterogeneous clinical presentations of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) pose a significant challenge for sample characterization. Therefore the main goal of DSM-5 must be to identify subgroups of ASD, including comorbidity disorders and severity. The main goal of this study is to explore the psychiatric comorbidities and the severity of symptoms that could be relevant for the phenotype characterization in ASD and also to compare these results according to the different classification criteria between the DSM-IV-TR and the DSM-5. Method: A comparative study of severity and psychiatric comorbidities was carried out between a sample of participants that only met criteria for Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) according to the DSM-IV-TR and a sample of participants that also met ASD criteria according to DSM-5 classification. The recruitment of children was via educational (N = 123). The psychiatric symptoms, comorbid disorders and severity of symptoms were assessed through The Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form, clinical interview and The Inventory of Autism Spectrum Disorder, respectively. The psychiatric comorbidities considered were: anxiety, eating behavioural problems, self-aggressiveness, hetero–aggressiveness, self-harm, obsessive compulsive disorder and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. Results: Statistically significant differences between both groups were found regarding obsessive compulsive disorder, eating behavioural problems and severity. Conclusions: The results support the hypothesis that patients who meet the DSM-5 criteria have more severe symptoms, not only regarding the core autistic symptoms but also in relation with psychiatric comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Romero
- King's College London, United Kingdom
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía TECH, IBIMA, Spain
- Corresponding author: Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | - Marta Rapado
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Madrid, Spain
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Dakanalis A, Carrà G, Timko A, Volpato C, Pla-Sanjuanelo J, Zanetti A, Clerici M, Riva G. Mechanisms of influence of body checking on binge eating. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2015; 15:93-104. [PMID: 30487826 PMCID: PMC6224801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the theorized role of body checking behaviours in the maintenance process of binge eating, the mechanisms by which they may impact binge eating remain unclear. Using objectification model of eating pathology as a theoretical framework, the authors examined the potential intervening roles of body shame, appearance anxiety, and dietary restraint in the pathway between body checking and binge eating. Data collected from a large sample of treatment-seeking people with Bulimic-type Eating Disorders (N = 801) were analysed trough structural equation modelling. Results showed that, regardless of specific DSM-5 diagnostic categories, body checking behaviours were indirectly associated with binge eating and dietary restraint through body shame and appearance anxiety, whereas dietary restraint was directly linked to binge eating. The findings have clinical utility as they contribute to gaining insight into how critical scrutiny of one's body may act in several indirect ways to affect binge eating. We discuss practical implications of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alix Timko
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Riva
- Catholic University of Milan and Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Italy
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