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Wiśniewski K, Popęda M, Price B, Bieńkowski M, Fahlström A, Drummond K, Adamides AA. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α as potential predictors of delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 2023; 139:698-707. [PMID: 36640097 DOI: 10.3171/2022.12.jns222332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a serious complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), which is responsible for significant death and disability. The dynamic balance between the production and elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in patients with DCI is suspected be shifted to favor ROS formation. The authors assessed the relationship between F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs), oxidative stress biomarkers, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), which are responsible for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) production for glutathione system function, with post-aSAH DCI. METHODS The authors assessed 45 aSAH patients for F2-IsoP and G6PD concentration using commercial ELISA on days 2, 4, and 6 after aSAH. The authors examined the correlation between plasma F2-IsoP and G6PD concentrations and clinical factors with DCI occurrence and aSAH outcome. RESULTS Expectedly, the most important clinical predictors of DCI were Hunt and Hess grade and modified Fisher (mFisher) grade. Plasma F2-IsoP and G6PD concentrations were greater in aSAH patients than the control group (p < 0.01). F2-IsoP concentrations were greater and G6PD concentrations were lower in patients with DCI than those without (p < 0.01). Plasma F2-IsoP and G6PD concentrations on day 2 were correlated with DCI occurrence (p < 0.01). Plasma F2-IsoP concentrations on days 2 and 6 were correlated with outcome at 1 and 12 months (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Decreased G6PD indirectly informs the reduced antioxidant response, especially for the glutathione system. G6PD concentration was lower in patients with DCI than those without, which may explain the increased F2-IsoP concentrations. mFisher grade, plasma F2-IsoP concentration, and G6PD concentration on day 2 after aSAH, in combination, may serve as predictors of DCI. Further research is necessary to investigate the therapeutic utility of F2-IsoPs and antioxidants in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Wiśniewski
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- 2Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódzkie, Poland
| | - Marta Popęda
- 3Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Pomorskie, Poland
| | - Benjamin Price
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michał Bieńkowski
- 3Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Pomorskie, Poland
| | - Andreas Fahlström
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- 4Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Neurosurgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and
| | - Katharine Drummond
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- 5Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexios A Adamides
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- 5Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Pérez R, Burgos V, Marín V, Camins A, Olloquequi J, González-Chavarría I, Ulrich H, Wyneke U, Luarte A, Ortiz L, Paz C. Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE): Biosynthesis, Derivatives and Formulations with Neuroprotective Activities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1500. [PMID: 37627495 PMCID: PMC10451560 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by a progressive process of degeneration and neuronal death, where oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are key factors that contribute to the progression of these diseases. Therefore, two major pathways involved in these pathologies have been proposed as relevant therapeutic targets: The nuclear transcription factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2), which responds to oxidative stress with cytoprotecting activity; and the nuclear factor NF-κB pathway, which is highly related to the neuroinflammatory process by promoting cytokine expression. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a phenylpropanoid naturally found in propolis that shows important biological activities, including neuroprotective activity by modulating the Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways, promoting antioxidant enzyme expression and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine expression. Its simple chemical structure has inspired the synthesis of many derivatives, with aliphatic and/or aromatic moieties, some of which have improved the biological properties. Moreover, new drug delivery systems increase the bioavailability of these compounds in vivo, allowing its transcytosis through the blood-brain barrier, thus protecting brain cells from the increased inflammatory status associated to neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. This review summarizes the biosynthesis and chemical synthesis of CAPE derivatives, their miscellaneous activities, and relevant studies (from 2010 to 2023), addressing their neuroprotective activity in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Pérez
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Drug Discovery, Center CEBIM, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (R.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Viviana Burgos
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
| | - Víctor Marín
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Drug Discovery, Center CEBIM, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (R.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Antoni Camins
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institut de Neurociències (UBNeuro), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Olloquequi
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Iván González-Chavarría
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile;
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Química, Universidad de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Ursula Wyneke
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago 111711, Chile; (U.W.)
- Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy (IMPACT), Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - Alejandro Luarte
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago 111711, Chile; (U.W.)
- Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy (IMPACT), Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - Leandro Ortiz
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia 5110566, Chile;
| | - Cristian Paz
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Drug Discovery, Center CEBIM, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (R.P.); (V.M.)
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Balaha M, De Filippis B, Cataldi A, di Giacomo V. CAPE and Neuroprotection: A Review. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020176. [PMID: 33525407 PMCID: PMC7911454 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis, a product of the honey bee, has been used in traditional medicine for many years. A hydrophobic bioactive polyphenolic ester, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), is one of the most extensively investigated active components of propolis. Several studies have indicated that CAPE has a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-proliferative, and anti-neoplastic properties. This review largely describes CAPE neuroprotective effects in many different conditions and summarizes its molecular mechanisms of action. CAPE was found to have a neuroprotective effect on different neurodegenerative disorders. At the basis of these effects, CAPE has the ability to protect neurons from several underlying causes of various human neurologic diseases, such as oxidative stress, apoptosis dysregulation, and brain inflammation. CAPE can also protect the nervous system from some diseases which negatively affect it, such as diabetes, septic shock, and hepatic encephalopathy, while numerous studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of CAPE against adverse reactions induced by different neurotoxic substances. The potential role of CAPE in protecting the central nervous system (CNS) from secondary injury following various CNS ischemic conditions and CAPE anti-cancer activity in CNS is also reviewed. The structure–activity relationship of CAPE synthetic derivatives is discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Balaha
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.B.); (B.D.F.); (V.d.G.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Barbara De Filippis
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.B.); (B.D.F.); (V.d.G.)
| | - Amelia Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.B.); (B.D.F.); (V.d.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0871-355-4467
| | - Viviana di Giacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.B.); (B.D.F.); (V.d.G.)
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Palaz MN, Akcay E. The Impact of Propolis Factor Caffeic Acid Phenethyl-Ester on the Cerebral Vasospasm and Early Brain Damage in the Experimentally Induced Subarachnoid Hemorrhage on Rats. World Neurosurg 2020; 138:e736-e742. [PMID: 32200016 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a phenolic compound, besides being 1 of the biologically active components of propolis, is a compound with antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiviral, reperfusion damage prevention, immune stimulant, and carcinostatic, anticancer properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of CAPE on cerebral vasospasm and early brain injury, which were experimentally administered intraperitoneally in rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage. METHODS Thirty-two Wistar Albino rats weighing 200 to 300 g were used in our study. The rats divided into 3 groups: the control group (n = 10), subarachnoid hemorrhage group (n = 11), and subarachnoid hemorrhage + CAPE group (n = 11). These groups were evaluated according to the Ischemia index in hippocampal CA3 regions and the morphometric analysis of basilar artery diameter after being sacrificed at the end of 72nd hour. RESULTS A significant difference was found between group 1 and group 2 for the CA-3 region, it was concluded that early brain damage occurred after subarachnoid hemorrhage. When the neuronal damage in CA-3 region was evaluated between group 2 and group 3, a statistically significant difference was found between the groups. There was a statistically significant difference between group 1 and group 3 in terms of ischemia detection. CONCLUSIONS It was shown that CAPE has a preventive effect on early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage and has a positive effect on reducing cerebral vasospasm. Our study is the first study in the literature showing that CAPE inhibits ischemic brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Necdet Palaz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences Izmir Bozyaka Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emrah Akcay
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences Izmir Bozyaka Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
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Khan M, Shunmugavel A, Dhammu TS, Khan H, Singh I, Singh AK. Combined treatment with GSNO and CAPE accelerates functional recovery via additive antioxidant activities in a mouse model of TBI. J Neurosci Res 2018; 96:1900-1913. [PMID: 30027580 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the major cause of physical disability and emotional vulnerability. Treatment of TBI is lacking due to its multimechanistic etiology, including derailed mitochondrial and cellular energy metabolism. Previous studies from our laboratory show that an endogenous nitric oxide (NO) metabolite S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) provides neuroprotection and improves neurobehavioral function via anti-inflammatory and anti-neurodegenerative mechanisms. To accelerate the rate and enhance the degree of recovery, we investigated combining GSNO with caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a potent antioxidant compound, using a male mouse model of TBI, controlled cortical impact in mice. The combination therapy accelerated improvement of cognitive and depressive-like behavior compared with GSNO or CAPE monotherapy. Separately, both GSNO and CAPE improved mitochondrial integrity/function and decreased oxidative damage; however, the combination therapy had greater effects on Drp1 and MnSOD. Additionally, while CAPE alone activated AMPK, this activation was heightened in combination with GSNO. CAPE treatment of normal animals also significantly increased the expression levels of pAMPK, pACC (activation of AMPK substrate ACC), and pLKB1 (activation of upstream to AMPK kinase LKB1), indicating that CAPE activates AMPK via LKB1. These results show that while GSNO and CAPE provide neuroprotection and improve functional recovery separately, the combination treatment invokes greater recovery by significantly improving mitochondrial functions and activating the AMPK enzyme. Both GSNO and CAPE are in human consumption without any known adverse effects; therefore, a combination therapy-based multimechanistic approach is worthy of investigation in human TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushfiquddin Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | - Tajinder S Dhammu
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Hamza Khan
- College of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Inderjit Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Avtar K Singh
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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Kumar M, Bansal N. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester rescued streptozotocin-induced memory loss through PI3-kinase dependent pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 101:162-173. [PMID: 29486334 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to elucidate the role of PI3-kinase signaling in memory enhancing potential of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) against cognitive defects in rats after centrally administered streptozotocin as a model of Alzheimer's disease. The Morris water maze and elevated plus maze paradigms showed profound loss of memory in adult Wistar rats (180-200 g) injected with streptozotocin (3 mg/kg) bilaterally (STZ-ICV) on day 1 and 3. Intraperitoneal administration of CAPE (6 mg/kg, i.p., 28 days) attenuated STZ-ICV triggered memory loss in rats. Treatment with PI3-kinase inhibitor (wortmannin, 5 μg/rat, ICV) or NOS blocker (L-NAME, 20 mg/kg, i.p., 28 days) interfered with memory restorative function of CAPE in STZ treated rats. In biochemical analysis markers of oxidative stress (TBARS, GSH, SOD, CAT), nitrite, AChE, TNF-α, eNOS and NFκB were measured in brain of rats on day 28. Interestingly, L-Arginine (100 mg/kg, i.p., 28 days) group exhibited moderate (p > 0.05) decline in memory functions. The brain oxidative stress, TNF-α, AChE activity and NFκB levels were elevated, and eNOS level was lowered by STZ-ICV treatment. Administration of CAPE lowered oxidative stress, AChE, nitrite and TNF-α levels in brain of rats. The eNOS level was enhanced and NFκB level was decreased by CAPE in STZ treated rats. Wortmannin injection elevated the brain oxidative stress, AChE activity and TNF-α levels, and decreased the nitrite, eNOS and NFκB level. Rise of brain oxidative stress parameters, AChE activity, TNF-α, eNOS and NFκB levels, and decline in brain nitrite content was observed in L-NAME treated group. L-Arginine administration showed modest effects (p > 0.05) on oxidative stress parameters. Brain nitrite content was enhanced although eNOS, NFκB levels, and AChE activity was decimated by L-Arginine treatment. It can be concluded that PI3-kinase mediated nitric oxide facilitation is an essential feature of CAPE action in STZ-ICV treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- PhD Research Scholar, IKG Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab, 144603, India; Department of Pharmacology, ASBASJSM College of Pharmacy, Bela, Ropar, 140111, India.
| | - Nitin Bansal
- Department of Pharmacology, ASBASJSM College of Pharmacy, Bela, Ropar, 140111, India.
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Jiun-Yi L, Ting-Chen C, Nen-Chung C, Jayakumar T, Chao-Chien C. Anti-embolic effect of Taorenchengqi Tang in rats with embolic stroke induced by occluding middle cerebral artery. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(17)30068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Aladag MA, Turkoz Y, Parlakpinar H, Gul M. Nebivolol attenuates cerebral vasospasm both by increasing endothelial nitric oxide and by decreasing oxidative stress in an experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage. Br J Neurosurg 2017; 31:439-445. [DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2017.1297367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Arif Aladag
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Turkoz
- Department of Biochemistry, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Hakan Parlakpinar
- Department of Pharmacology, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gul
- Department of Histology, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
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Ekhteiari Salmas R, Durdagi S, Gulhan MF, Duruyurek M, Abdullah HI, Selamoglu Z. The effects of pollen, propolis, and caffeic acid phenethyl ester on tyrosine hydroxylase activity and total RNA levels in hypertensive rats caused by nitric oxide synthase inhibition: experimental, docking and molecular dynamic studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:609-620. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1288660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Ekhteiari Salmas
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Durdagi
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Fuat Gulhan
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Merve Duruyurek
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biotechnology, Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde 51240, Turkey
| | - Huda I. Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla 10595, NY, USA
| | - Zeliha Selamoglu
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biotechnology, Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde 51240, Turkey
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Zhang L, Kong XJ, Wang ZQ, Xu FS, Zhu YT. A Study on Neuroprotective Effects of Curcumin on the Diabetic Rat Brain. J Nutr Health Aging 2016; 20:835-840. [PMID: 27709232 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-016-0723-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to study the neuroprotective therapeutic effect of curcumin on the male albino rat brain. Subarachnoid hemorrhage leads to severe mortality rate and morbidity, and oxidative stress is a crucial factor in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Therefore, we investigated the effect of curcumin on oxidative stress and glutamate and glutamate transporter-1 on a subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced male albino rats. The curcumin commonly used for the treatment and saline used for the control. Curcumin (10 mg/kg bwt) dissolved in saline and administered orally to the rats for one week. Glutamate, glutamate transporter-1, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione reductase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were determined. Glutamate level was lower in the curcumin-treated rats compared to their respective controls. Glutamate transporter-1 did not alter in the curcumin-treated rats compared to their controls. Glutamate transporter-1 protein expression is significantly reduced in the curcumin-treated rats. MDA levels decreased 18 and 29 % in the hippocampus and the cortex region respectively. SOD (17% and 32%), and catalase (19% and 24%) activities were increased in the curcumin-treated hippocampus and the cortex region respectively. Glutathione reductase (13% and 19%) and LDH (21% and 30%) activities were increased in the treated hippocampus and the cortex region respectively. The mRNA expression of NK-kB and TLR4 was significantly reduced following curcumin treatment. Taking all these data together, the curcumin found to be effective against oxidative stress and glutamate neurotoxicity in the male albino rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Yi- Tang Zhu, Department of Clinical Laboratory; Cangzhou Central Hospital of Hebei Province, No.16 Xinhuaxi Road, Cangzhou City 061001, Hebei Province, P.R.China, Tel and Fax: +86-0137-2075536,
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Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Double Cisterna Magna Injection Rat Model—Assessment of Delayed Pathological Effects of Cerebral Vasospasm. Transl Stroke Res 2015; 6:242-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-015-0392-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Anwar J, Spanevello RM, Thomé G, Stefanello N, Schmatz R, Gutierres J, Vieira J, Baldissarelli J, Carvalho FB, da Rosa MM, Rubin MA, Fiorenza A, Morsch VM, Schetinger MRC. Effects of caffeic acid on behavioral parameters and on the activity of acetylcholinesterase in different tissues from adult rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 103:386-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Zhao Y, Wang J, Ballevre O, Luo H, Zhang W. Antihypertensive effects and mechanisms of chlorogenic acids. Hypertens Res 2011; 35:370-4. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2011.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Colakoglu N, Kus I, Kukner A, Pekmez H, Ozan E, Sarsilmaz M. Protective Effects of CAPE on Liver Injury Induced by CCL4: An Electron Microscopy Study. Ultrastruct Pathol 2011; 35:26-30. [DOI: 10.3109/01913123.2010.527036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Erşahin M, Toklu HZ, Çetinel Ş, Yüksel M, Erzik C, Berkman MZ, Yeğen BÇ, Şener G. Alpha Lipoic Acid Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Preserves Blood Brain Permeability in Rats with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neurochem Res 2009; 35:418-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-009-0072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Altuğ ME, Serarslan Y, Bal R, Kontaş T, Ekici F, Melek IM, Aslan H, Duman T. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester protects rabbit brains against permanent focal ischemia by antioxidant action: a biochemical and planimetric study. Brain Res 2008; 1201:135-42. [PMID: 18308295 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2007] [Revised: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate whether caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis extract, has a protective effect on brain injury after focal permanent cerebral ischemia, and to determine the possible antioxidant mechanisms. Cerebral infarction in adult male New Zealand rabbits was induced by microsurgical procedures producing right focal permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). CAPE was administered to the treatment group after pMCAO at a dose of 10 micromol kg(-1) once a day intraperitoneally for 7 days. Neurological deficits were evaluated, using a modified six-point scale. Spectrophotometric assay was used to determine the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), nitric oxide (NO) and xanthine oxidase (XO). In the ipsilateral hemisphere, the infarct volume of the brain was assessed in brain slices stained with heamatoxylen and eosin. The results showed that treatment with CAPE significantly reduced the percentage of infarction in the ipsilateral hemisphere compared with the ischemia group. CAPE treatment significantly attenuated the elevation of plasma MDA, CAT and XO content (p<0.05), whereas it significantly increased the levels of plasma GSH and NO (p<0.05). Therefore, subacute CAPE administration plays a protective role in focal pMCAO due to attenuation of lipid peroxidation and its antioxidant activity. All of these findings suggest that CAPE provides neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia injury through its antioxidant action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Enes Altuğ
- Department of Surgery, Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tayfur Sökmen Kampusu, TR-31040 Hatay, Turkey
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Sugawara T, Ayer R, Jadhav V, Zhang JH. A new grading system evaluating bleeding scale in filament perforation subarachnoid hemorrhage rat model. J Neurosci Methods 2007; 167:327-34. [PMID: 17870179 PMCID: PMC2259391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 468] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Revised: 08/03/2007] [Accepted: 08/03/2007] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The endovascular perforation rodent model for experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) studies is criticized for lack of control over bleeding. Presently, there is no practical grading system to categorize the severity of SAH depending on the amount of blood. We outline a simple and objective novel SAH grading system by examining the subarachnoid blood clots in the basal cisterns, and evaluate for correlation with neurological status and cerebral vasospasm. Effects of simvastatin, known to reduce vasospasm, were examined using this grading system. Seventy-seven adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into three groups: sham-operated (n=24), SAH (n=32), and SAH+simvastatin (n=25). High-resolution brain pictures were used to grade the severity of SAH and categorize animals into mild, moderate and severe groups. The SAH grades were compared with neurological scores and internal carotid artery parameters such as diameter, perimeter and wall thickness at 24h. Two investigators verified the grading system independently. The SAH grade showed linear correlation functionally with neurological status (r=0.42, p<0.01) and morphometrically with the degree of vasospasm (|r|>0.7, p<0.01), and also between two independent investigators (r=0.937, p<0.001). Simvastatin improved neurological score in moderate and severe (p<0.05) but not mild SAH groups (p=0.28). This grading system has the potential to be adopted for SAH experimental rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Ayer
- Department of Physiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA
| | - Vikram Jadhav
- Department of Physiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA
| | - John H. Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA
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Khan M, Elango C, Ansari MA, Singh I, Singh AK. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester reduces neurovascular inflammation and protects rat brain following transient focal cerebral ischemia. J Neurochem 2007; 102:365-77. [PMID: 17437550 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04526.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a neurovascular disease treatable by thrombolytic therapy, but the therapy has to be initiated within 3 h of the incident. This therapeutic limitation stems from the secondary injury which results mainly from oxidative stress and inflammation. A potent antioxidant/anti-inflammatory agent, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) has potential to mitigate stroke's secondary injury, and thereby widening the therapeutic window. We observed that CAPE protected the brain in a dose-dependent manner (1-10 mg/kg body weight) and showed a wide therapeutic window (about 18 h) in a rat model of transient focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. The treatment also increased nitric oxide and glutathione levels, decreased lipid peroxidation and nitrotyrosine levels, and enhanced cerebral blood flow. CAPE down-regulated inflammation by blocking nuclear factor kappa B activity. The affected mediators included adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin), cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta) and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Anti-inflammatory action of CAPE was further documented through reduction of ED1 (marker of activated macrophage/microglia) expression. The treatment inhibited apoptotic cell death by down-regulating caspase 3 and up-regulating anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL. Conclusively, CAPE is a promising drug candidate for ischemic stroke treatment due to its inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation, and its clinically relevant wide therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushfiquddin Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA.
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Zeitz O, Wagenfeld L, Wirtz N, Galambos P, Matthiesen N, Wiermann A, Richard G, Klemm M. Influence of oxygen free radicals on the tone of ciliary arteries: a model of vasospasms of ocular vasculature. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2007; 245:1327-33. [PMID: 17252259 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-006-0526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2006] [Revised: 12/11/2006] [Accepted: 12/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered regulation of vascular tone and particularly vasospasms are thought to be a risk factor for the progression of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells and possibly vascular tone regulation in glaucoma might be caused by oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of oxygen free radicals on the tone of ciliary arteries. METHODS The experiments were carried out with fresh ring preparations from porcine ciliary arteries obtained from a slaughterhouse. The preparations were placed in a self-designed myograph system and were kept under physiologic conditions (pH 7.4, 37 degrees C, Krebs-Henseleit-Buffer, 1.75 mM Ca(2+)). The muscles were sub-maximally activated by depolarization to -41 mV Nernst potential for K(+). The pre-activated preparations were exposed to hydroxyl radicals generated by the Fenton reaction (4 mM H(2)O(2); 30 microM Fe(3+)). Exposure time varied between 10 s and 60 s in order to obtain different radical-time-doses. The developed force was evaluated relatively to the developed force at maximal depolarization to -4 mV. RESULTS Ten seconds of radical exposure result in an additional increase of the relative developed force from 0.35 +/- .08 to 0.62 +/- 0.12 (P = 0.003; n = 8). Comparable results were obtained for 20 s and 60 s radical exposures. The developed force of a maximal activation to -4 mV was not reduced after a 10 s radical exposure (0.84 +/- 0.13; P = 0.25; n = 5), but was significantly reduced after 20 s exposure (0.25 +/- 0.21; P = 0.005; n = 6) and was virtually 0 after 60 s exposure. DISCUSSION The data shows that oxygen free radicals induce transient contractions of isolated ciliary artery rings. The shape of these contractions shows parallels to vasospasms. Thus the established system may serve as an in vitro model of vasospasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Zeitz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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Zhang L, Zhang WP, Chen KD, Qian XD, Fang SH, Wei EQ. Caffeic acid attenuates neuronal damage, astrogliosis and glial scar formation in mouse brain with cryoinjury. Life Sci 2006; 80:530-7. [PMID: 17074364 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Revised: 08/26/2006] [Accepted: 09/29/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury induces neuron damage in early phase, and astrogliosis and the formation of the glial scar in late phase. Caffeic acid (3, 4-dihydroxycinnamic acid), one of the natural phenolic compounds, exerts neuroprotective effects against ischemic brain injuries with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and by scavenging reactive species. However, whether caffeic acid has protective effects against traumatic brain injury is unknown. Therefore, we determined the effect of caffeic acid on the lesion in the early (1 day) and late phases (7 to 28 days) of cryoinjury in mice. We found that caffeic acid (10 and 50 mg/kg, i.p., for 7 days after cryoinjury) reduced the lesion area and attenuated the neuron loss around the lesion core 1 to 28 days, but attenuated the neuron loss in the lesion core only 1 day after cryoinjury. Moreover, caffeic acid attenuated astrocyte proliferation, glial scar wall formation and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) protein expression in the late phase of cryoinjury (7 to 28 days). Caffeic acid also inhibited the reduction of superoxide dismutase activity and the increase in malondialdehyde content in the brain 1 day after cryoinjury. These results indicate that caffeic acid exerts a protective effect in traumatic brain injury, especially on glial scar formation in the late phase, which at least is associated with its anti-oxidant ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 388, Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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