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Buck T, Dong E, McCarthy M, Guidotti A, Sodhi M. Prenatal stress alters transcription of NMDA-type glutamate receptors in the hippocampus. Neurosci Lett 2024; 836:137886. [PMID: 38917870 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal stress increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. NMDA-type glutamate receptor (NMDAR) activity plays an important pathophysiological role in the cortico-hippocampal circuit in these disorders. We tested the hypothesis that transcription of NMDAR subunits is modified in the frontal cortex (FCx) and hippocampus after exposure to prenatal restraint stress (PRS) in mice. At 10 weeks of age, male PRS offspring (n = 20) and non-stressed controls (NS, n = 20) were treated with haloperidol (1 mg/kg), clozapine (5 mg/kg) or saline twice daily for 5 days, before measuring social approach (SOC). Saline-treated and haloperidol-treated PRS mice had reduced SOC relative to NS (P < 0.01), but clozapine-treated PRS mice had similar SOC to NS mice. These effects of PRS were associated with increased transcription of NMDAR subunits encoded by GRIN2A and GRIN2B genes in the hippocampus but not FCx. GRIN transcription in FCx correlated positively with SOC, but hippocampal GRIN transcription had negative correlation with SOC. The ratio of GRIN2A/GRIN2B transcription is known to increase during development but was lower in PRS mice. These results suggest that GRIN2A and GRIN2B transcript levels are modified in the hippocampus by PRS, leading to life-long deficits in social behavior. These data have some overlap with the molecular pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Similar to PRS in mice, schizophrenia, has been associated with social withdrawal, with increased GRIN2 expression in the hippocampus, and reduced GRIN2A/GRIN2B expression ratios in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that PRS in mice may have construct validity as a preclinical model for antipsychotic drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristram Buck
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Erbo Dong
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael McCarthy
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Alessandro Guidotti
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Monsheel Sodhi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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Soti M, Ranjbar H, Kohlmeier KA, Shabani M. Sex differences in the vulnerability of the hippocampus to prenatal stress. Dev Psychobiol 2022; 64:e22305. [PMID: 36282753 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Distressing events during pregnancy that engage activity of the body's endocrine stress response have been linked with later life cognitive deficits in offspring and associated with developmental changes in cognitive-controlling neural regions. Interestingly, prenatal stress (PS)-induced alterations have shown some sex specificity. Here, we review the literature of animal studies examining sex-specific effect of physical PS on the function and structure of the hippocampus as hippocampal impairments likely underlie PS-associated deficits in learning and memory. Furthermore, the connectivity between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the hippocampus as well as the heavy presence of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) in the hippocampus suggests this structure plays an important role in modulation of activity within stress circuitry in a sex-specific pattern. We hope that better understanding of sex-specific, PS-related hippocampal impairment will assist in uncovering the molecular mechanisms behind sex-based risk factors in PS populations across development, and perhaps contribute to greater precision in management of cognitive disturbances in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monavareh Soti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hoda Ranjbar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Kristi A Kohlmeier
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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3
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Chronic Mild Unpredictable Stress and High-Fat Diet Given during Adolescence Impact Both Cognitive and Noncognitive Behaviors in Young Adult Mice. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020260. [PMID: 33669543 PMCID: PMC7923206 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress and diet are intricately linked, and they often interact in a negative fashion. Increases in stress can lead to poor food choices; adolescence is a period that is often accompanied by increased levels of stress. Stress and poor dietary choices can affect learning and memory; it is important to understand their combined effects when occurring during crucial developmental periods. Here, we present evidence that chronic mild unpredictable stress (CMUS) and high-fat diet (HFD) impact both cognitive and noncognitive behaviors when assessed after four weeks of manipulation in four-week old mice. CMUS mice had increased anxiety in the open field test (OFT) (p = 0.01) and spent more time in the open arms of the elevated zero maze (EZM) (p < 0.01). HFD administration was shown to interact with CMUS to impair spatial memory in the Morris Water Maze (MWM) (p < 0.05). Stress and diet also led to disturbances in non-cognitive behaviors: CMUS led to significantly more burrowing (p < 0.05) and HFD administration led to the poorer nest construction (p < 0.05). These findings allow for researchers to assess how modifying lifestyle factors (including diet and stress) during adolescence can serve as a potential strategy to improve cognition in young adulthood.
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Wei JP, Wen W, Dai Y, Qin LX, Wen YQ, Duan DD, Xu SJ. Drinking water temperature affects cognitive function and progression of Alzheimer's disease in a mouse model. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:45-54. [PMID: 32451415 PMCID: PMC7921420 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle factors may affect mental health and play a critical role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether the temperatures of daily beverages have any impact on cognitive function and AD development has never been studied. In this study, we investigated the effects of daily drinking water temperatures on cognitive function and AD development and progression in mice and the underlying mechanisms. Cognitive function of mice was assessed using passive avoidance test, open field test, and Morris water maze. Wild-type Kunming mice receiving intragastric water (IW, 10 mL/kg, 2 times/day) at 0 °C for consecutive 15 days displayed significant cognitive defects accompanied by significant decrease in gain of body weight, gastric emptying rate, pepsin activity, and an increase in the energy charge in the cortex when compared with mice receiving the same amount of IW at 25 °C (a temperature mimicking most common drinking habits in human), suggesting the altered neuroenergetics may cause cognitive decline. Similarly, in the transgenic APPwse/PS1De9 familial AD mice and their age- and gender-matched wild-type C57BL/6 mice, receiving IW at 0 °C, but not at 25 °C, for 35 days caused a significant time-dependent decrease in body weight and cognitive function, accompanied by a decreased expression of PI3K, Akt, the glutamate/GABA ratio, as well as neuropathy with significant amyloid lesion in the cortex and hippocampus. All of these changes were significantly aggravated in the APPwse/PS1De9 mice than in the control C57BL/6 mice. These data demonstrate that daily beverage at 0 °C may alter brain insulin-mediated neuroenergetics, glutamate/GABA ratio, cause cognitive decline and neuropathy, and promote AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Ping Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wen Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yuan Dai
- Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Li-Xia Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yue-Qiang Wen
- Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Dayue Darrel Duan
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Shi-Jun Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Bettio LEB, Thacker JS, Rodgers SP, Brocardo PS, Christie BR, Gil-Mohapel J. Interplay between hormones and exercise on hippocampal plasticity across the lifespan. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165821. [PMID: 32376385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus is a brain structure known to play a central role in cognitive function (namely learning and memory) as well as mood regulation and affective behaviors due in part to its ability to undergo structural and functional changes in response to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. While structural changes are achieved through modulation of hippocampal neurogenesis as well as alterations in dendritic morphology and spine remodeling, functional (i.e., synaptic) changes can be noted through the strengthening (i.e., long-term potentiation) or weakening (i.e., long-term depression) of the synapses. While age, hormone homeostasis, and levels of physical activity are some of the factors known to module these forms of hippocampal plasticity, the exact mechanisms through which these factors interact with each other at a given moment in time are not completely understood. It is well known that hormonal levels vary throughout the lifespan of an individual and it is also known that physical exercise can impact hormonal homeostasis. Thus, it is reasonable to speculate that hormone modulation might be one of the various mechanisms through which physical exercise differently impacts hippocampal plasticity throughout distinct periods of an individual's life. The present review summarizes the potential relationship between physical exercise and different types of hormones (namely sex, metabolic, and stress hormones) and how this relationship may mediate the effects of physical activity during three distinct life periods, adolescence, adulthood, and senescence. Overall, the vast majority of studies support a beneficial role of exercise in maintaining hippocampal hormonal levels and consequently, hippocampal plasticity, cognition, and mood regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E B Bettio
- Division of Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Jonathan S Thacker
- Division of Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Shaefali P Rodgers
- Developmental, Cognitive & Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics, University of Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patricia S Brocardo
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Brian R Christie
- Division of Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Island Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Division of Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Island Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC, Canada.
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6
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Pantic I, Jeremic R, Dacic S, Pekovic S, Pantic S, Djelic M, Vitic Z, Brkic P, Brodski C. Gray-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix Analysis of Granule Neurons of the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Following Cortical Injury. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2020; 26:166-172. [PMID: 31948501 DOI: 10.1017/s143192762000001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a main cause of death and disabilities in young adults. Although learning and memory impairments are a major clinical manifestation of TBI, the consequences of TBI on the hippocampus are still not well understood. In particular, how lesions to the sensorimotor cortex damage the hippocampus, to which it is not directly connected, is still elusive. Here, we study the effects of sensorimotor cortex ablation (SCA) on the hippocampal dentate gyrus, by applying a highly sensitive gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) analysis. Using GLCM analysis of granule neurons, we discovered, in our TBI paradigm, subtle changes in granule cell (GC) morphology, including textual uniformity, contrast, and variance, which is not detected by conventional microscopy. We conclude that sensorimotor cortex trauma leads to specific changes in the hippocampus that advance our understanding of the cellular underpinnings of cognitive impairments in TBI. Moreover, we identified GLCM analysis as a highly sensitive method to detect subtle changes in the GC layers that is expected to significantly improve further studies investigating the impact of TBI on hippocampal neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pantic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physiology, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26/II, RS-11129Belgrade, Serbia
- University of Haifa, 199 Abba Hushi Blvd., Mount Carmel, Haifa, IL-3498838, Israel
| | - Rada Jeremic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physiology, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26/II, RS-11129Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Dacic
- Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry "Ivan Djaja", Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Pekovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Blvd despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Senka Pantic
- School of Medicine, Institute of Histology and Embryology, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26/II, RS-11129Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Djelic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physiology, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26/II, RS-11129Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zagorka Vitic
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Predrag Brkic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physiology, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26/II, RS-11129Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Claude Brodski
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
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Das L, Patel B, Patri M. Adolescence benzo[a]pyrene treatment induces learning and memory impairment and anxiolytic like behavioral response altering neuronal morphology of hippocampus in adult male Wistar rats. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:1104-1113. [PMID: 31720231 PMCID: PMC6838974 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraperitoneal B[a]P administration induces anxiolytic like behavior in rats. B[a]P induces oxidative stress and reduces antioxidant enzyme activity. Exposure to B[a]P-induces decrease in dendrite length and spine density through oxidative stress affecting antioxidant defence system. Alteration in the neuronal architecture of the hippocampal cells after B[a]P administration is associated with learning and memory defict.
Exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a prototype of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) easily cross blood brain barrier (BBB) and is associated with impaired learning and memory in adult rats. However, there is no symmetric study reported on association between B[a]P exposure during the early development and hippocampal dendritic architecture causing behavioral changes like learning and memory deficit of adult rats. We investigated a fourteen day consecutive B[a]P administration, intraperitonial (i.p.), with two different doses (0.1 and 1μM) during early adolescence at PND30-44 and learning behavior assessed between PND 45-60 in adult male rats. The anxiolytic like behavioural analysis was done by LDPT. Depressive like behaviour was estimated through sucrose preference and learning and memory by T-maze. After B[a]P administration oxidative stress markers like glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were evaluated. To parallel these behavioral and antioxidant level changes to alteration in dendritic morphology, Golgi-Cox staining was performed in the hippocampus. Our study showed anxiolytic like behavioral response with significant increase in time spent in light zone and significant (p < 0.05) decrease in preference for sucrose and a reduction in percentage of spontaneous responses in T-maze test in B[a]P administered group as compared to vehicle control. B[a]P exposed male rats showed significant increase in GST activity (p < 0.05) and concentration of GSSG with a decay in GSH, GPx and GR in both the groups as compared to control. B[a]P administered rats showed significant loss in total dendritic length and number (28%) with reduced spine density (18%) in both higher and lower doses. These results suggested that B[a]P administration can be associated with an increase ROS production showing altered antioxidant defence system through glutathione biosynthesis and causing profound alterations in dendritic length and spine density of hippocampal neurons leading towards learning and memory deficits in adult rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipsa Das
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, 753003, Odisha, India
| | - Bhupesh Patel
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, 753003, Odisha, India
| | - Manorama Patri
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, 753003, Odisha, India
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Environmental enrichment restores the reduced expression of cerebellar synaptophysin and the motor coordination impairment in rats prenatally treated with betamethasone. Physiol Behav 2019; 209:112590. [PMID: 31252027 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Preterm babies treated with synthetic glucocorticoids in utero exhibit behavioural alterations and disturbances in brain maturation during postnatal life. Accordingly, it has been shown in preclinical studies that SGC exposure at a clinical dose alters the presynaptic and postsynaptic structures and results in synaptic impairments. However, the precise mechanism by which SGC exposure impairs synaptic protein expression and its implications are not fully elucidated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of prenatal exposure to a clinical dose of betamethasone on the pre- and postsynaptic proteins expression in the developing rat cerebellum and prefrontal cortex, whose synchronized synaptic activity is crucial for motor control and learning. Consequently, the first objective of the present study was to determine whether prenatal betamethasone -equivalent to the clinically used dose- alters cerebellar vermal and cortical expression of synaptophysin, synaptotagmin I, post-synaptic density protein 95 and gephyrin - four important pre- and post-synaptic proteins, respectively- at a relevant adolescent stage. In addition, our second objective was to assess whether prenatal betamethasone administration induced coordination impairment using a rotarod test. On the other hand, it has been shown that the environmental enrichment is capable of improving synaptic transmission and recovering various behavioural impairments. Nevertheless, there is not enough information about the effect of this non-pharmacological preclinical approach on the regulation of this cerebellar and cortical synaptic proteins. Therefore, the third objective of this study was to examine whether environmental enrichment exposure could recover the possible molecular and behavioural impairments in the offspring at the same developmental stage. The principal data showed that adolescent rats prenatally treated with betamethasone exhibited underexpression of synaptophysin in the vermal cerebellum, but not change in levels of synaptotagmin I, post-synaptic density protein 95 and gephyrin. Analysis of the same pre- and post-synaptic proteins no showed differences in the frontal cortex of the same rats. These results were accompanied by an increase in the number of falls in the rotarod test, when the speed of rotation was fixed and when it was in acceleration, which means motor coordination impairments. Importantly, we found that environmental enrichment restores the betamethasone-induced reduction in the cerebellar synaptophysin together with a recover in the motor coordination impairments in prenatally betamethasone-exposed adolescent rats.
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Lespine LF, Plenevaux A, Tirelli E. Wheel-running exercise before and during gestation against acute and sensitized cocaine psychomotor-activation in offspring. Behav Brain Res 2019; 363:53-60. [PMID: 30703395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
While animal research has consistently reported preventive effects of exercise against drug abuse vulnerability, little is known about the influence of the developmental stage during which exercise is displayed on addictive drugs responsiveness. This study aimed to determine whether prenatal exercise could attenuate acute cocaine reactivity and psychomotor sensitization in youth offspring. We used a split-plot factorial design where C57BL/6 J females were randomly assigned into sedentary or exercised (wheel-running) conditions before and during gestation, the wheels being removed on gestational day 18. Offspring were weaned, gendered and individually housed on 24-28 days old. At 38-42 days old, they were tested for their acute psychomotor responsiveness to 8 mg/kg cocaine and their initiation of sensitization over 8 additional once-daily administrations, the long-term expression of sensitization occurring 30 days later. Adolescent females born from exercised mothers were much less responsive to the acute psychomotor-stimulating effect of cocaine than those born from sedentary mothers (d = 0.75, p = 0.02), whereas there was no evidence for such a difference in males (d = 0.34, p = 0.17). However, we did not find sizeable attenuating effects of prenatal exercise on the initiation and the long-term expression of the psychomotor-activating effect of cocaine, in either sex (Cohen's ds varying from -0.13 to 0.39). These results suggest that prenatal exercise may induce initial protection against cocaine responsiveness in youth females, a finding that warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Ferdinand Lespine
- Université de Liège, Département de Psychologie, Quartier Agora - Place des orateurs, 2 (B32), 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Alain Plenevaux
- Université de Liège, Département de Psychologie, Quartier Agora - Place des orateurs, 2 (B32), 4000 Liège, Belgium; Université de Liège, Département de Chimie, Quartier Agora - Allée du 6 Août, 8 (B30), 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Ezio Tirelli
- Université de Liège, Département de Psychologie, Quartier Agora - Place des orateurs, 2 (B32), 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Kubo KY, Kotachi M, Suzuki A, Iinuma M, Azuma K. Chewing during prenatal stress prevents prenatal stress-induced suppression of neurogenesis, anxiety-like behavior and learning deficits in mouse offspring. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:849-858. [PMID: 30008596 PMCID: PMC6036092 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.25281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal stress (PS) induces learning deficits and anxiety-like behavior in mouse pups by increasing corticosterone levels in the dam. We examined the effects of maternal chewing during PS on arginine vasopressin (AVP) mRNA expression in the dams and on neurogenesis, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA expression, learning deficits and anxiety-like behavior in the offspring. Mice were divided into control, stress and stress/chewing groups. Pregnant mice were exposed to restraint stress beginning on day 12 of pregnancy and continuing until delivery. Mice in the stress/chewing group were given a wooden stick to chew during restraint stress. PS significantly increased AVP mRNA expression in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus in the dams. PS also impaired learning ability, suppressed neurogenesis and BDNF mRNA expression in the hippocampus, and induced anxiety-like behavior in the offspring. Chewing during PS prevented the PS-induced increase in AVP mRNA expression of the PVN in the dams. Chewing during PS significantly attenuated the PS-induced learning deficits, anxiety-like behavior, and suppression of neurogenesis and BDNF mRNA expression in the hippocampus of the offspring. Chewing during PS prevented the increase in plasma corticosterone in the dam by inhibiting the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, and attenuated the attenuated the PS-induced suppression of neurogenesis and BDNF expression in the hippocampus of the pups, thereby ameliorating the PS-induced learning deficits and anxiety-like behavior. Chewing during PS is an effective stress-coping method for the dam to prevent PS-induced deficits in learning ability and anxiety-like behavior in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin-ya Kubo
- Graduate School of Human Life Science, Nagoya Women's University, 3-40 Shioji-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8610, Japan
| | - Mika Kotachi
- Departments of 2 Pediatric Dentistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, 1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan
| | - Ayumi Suzuki
- Departments of 2 Pediatric Dentistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, 1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Iinuma
- Departments of 2 Pediatric Dentistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, 1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan
| | - Kagaku Azuma
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyusyu, 807-8555, Japan
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11
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Effects of Prenatal Combined Stress on Passive Avoidance Learning and Memory in Rats. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-018-9725-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Kiryanova V, Smith VM, Antle MC, Dyck RH. Behavior of Adult 5-HT1A Receptor Knockout Mice Exposed to Stress During Prenatal Development. Neuroscience 2018; 371:16-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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13
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Jafari Z, Mehla J, Afrashteh N, Kolb BE, Mohajerani MH. Corticosterone response to gestational stress and postpartum memory function in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180306. [PMID: 28692696 PMCID: PMC5503237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal stress is a common adversity during pregnancy. Gestational corticosterone alternations are thought to contribute to the etiology of postpartum behavioral disturbances. However, the impact of stress during pregnancy, in particular noise exposure, on gestational corticosterone fluctuations and spatial cognition in postpartum mice has not been fully understood yet. We hypothesized that noise exposure during pregnancy negatively affects gestational corticosterone levels and postpartum memory function in the dams similar to the physical stressors. Pregnant C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to either one of two stress conditions or a control condition. The noise stress (NS) was induced by presenting a loud intermittent 3000 Hz frequency on gestational days (GDs) 12, 14, and 16 for 24 hours, whereas the physical stress (PS) consisted of restraint and exposure to an elevated platform on GDs 12–16. Plasma corticosterone level was collected on GDs 11 and 17, and Morris water task (MWT) was carried out 30 days after parturition. Compared to the control group, the level of corticosterone in the stressed groups was significantly increased on GD17 relative to GD11. Significantly longer swim time and lower swim speed were observed in both stressed groups relative to the control group. Probe time was significantly shorter in the NS group than the other groups. The delta corticosterone level was significantly correlated with the swim time as well as the probe time in the three groups. Given the results, the adverse effects of gestational noise exposure on the hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation and postpartum spatial learning and memory function were as large as/ or a bit stronger than the physical stresses. The findings suggest the significance of conservation against loud noise exposure in daily living, as well as need to further notice to the different aspects of gestational stress in mothers’ behavior like offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jafari
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience (CCBN), University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Jogender Mehla
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience (CCBN), University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Navvab Afrashteh
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience (CCBN), University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Bryan E. Kolb
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience (CCBN), University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
- * E-mail: (BEK); (MHM)
| | - Majid H. Mohajerani
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience (CCBN), University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
- * E-mail: (BEK); (MHM)
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14
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Tsiarli MA, Rudine A, Kendall N, Pratt MO, Krall R, Thiels E, DeFranco DB, Monaghan AP. Antenatal dexamethasone exposure differentially affects distinct cortical neural progenitor cells and triggers long-term changes in murine cerebral architecture and behavior. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1153. [PMID: 28608856 PMCID: PMC5537650 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antenatal administration of synthetic glucocorticoids (sGC) is the standard of care for women at risk for preterm labor before 34 gestational weeks. Despite their widespread use, the type of sGC used and their dose or the dosing regimens are not standardized in the United States of America or worldwide. Several studies have identified neural deficits and the increased risk for cognitive and psychiatric disease later in life for children administered sGC prenatally. However, the precise molecular and cellular targets of GC action in the developing brain remain largely undefined. In this study, we demonstrate that a single dose of glucocorticoid during mid-gestation in mice leads to enhanced proliferation in select cerebral cortical neural stem/progenitor cell populations. These alterations are mediated by dose-dependent changes in the expression of cell cycle inhibitors and in genes that promote cell cycle re-entry. This leads to changes in neuronal number and density in the cerebral cortex at birth, coupled to long-term alterations in neurite complexity in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in adolescents, and changes in anxiety and depressive-like behaviors in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Tsiarli
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A Rudine
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - N Kendall
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M O Pratt
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - R Krall
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - E Thiels
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D B DeFranco
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A P Monaghan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA. E-mail:
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15
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Behavioural outcomes of adult female offspring following maternal stress and perinatal fluoxetine exposure. Behav Brain Res 2017; 331:84-91. [PMID: 28511978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Depression, anxiety, and stress are common in pregnant women. One of the primary pharmacological treatments for anxiety and depression is the antidepressant fluoxetine (Flx). Maternal stress, depression, and Flx exposure are known to effect neurodevelopment of the offspring, however, their combined effects have been scarcely studied, especially in female offspring. The present study investigated the combined effects of maternal stress during pregnancy and perinatal exposure to Flx on the behaviour of female mice as adults. METHODS Mouse dams were exposed to either chronic unpredictable stress (embryonic (E) day 7 to E18), or FLX (E15- postnatal day 12), or a combination of stress and FLX or left untreated. At two months of age, the female offspring went through a comprehensive behavioural test battery. RESULTS Maternal stress led to increased activity and alterations of prepulse inhibition in the adult female offspring. Maternal treatment with Flx had a potentially beneficial effect on spatial memory. The combination of prenatal stress and perinatal Flx exposure did not interact in their effects. These results suggest that gestational Flx exposure may have a limited negative impact on female offspring.
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16
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Hueston CM, Cryan JF, Nolan YM. Stress and adolescent hippocampal neurogenesis: diet and exercise as cognitive modulators. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1081. [PMID: 28375209 PMCID: PMC5416690 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical period for brain maturation. Deciphering how disturbances to the central nervous system at this time affect structure, function and behavioural outputs is important to better understand any long-lasting effects. Hippocampal neurogenesis occurs during development and continues throughout life. In adulthood, integration of these new cells into the hippocampus is important for emotional behaviour, cognitive function and neural plasticity. During the adolescent period, maturation of the hippocampus and heightened levels of hippocampal neurogenesis are observed, making alterations to neurogenesis at this time particularly consequential. As stress negatively affects hippocampal neurogenesis, and adolescence is a particularly stressful time of life, it is important to investigate the impact of stressor exposure at this time on hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function. Adolescence may represent not only a time for which stress can have long-lasting effects, but is also a critical period during which interventions, such as exercise and diet, could ameliorate stress-induced changes to hippocampal function. In addition, intervention at this time may also promote life-long behavioural changes that would aid in fostering increased hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function. This review addresses both the acute and long-term stress-induced alterations to hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition during the adolescent period, as well as changes to the stress response and pubertal hormones at this time which may result in differential effects than are observed in adulthood. We hypothesise that adolescence may represent an optimal time for healthy lifestyle changes to have a positive and long-lasting impact on hippocampal neurogenesis, and to protect against stress-induced deficits. We conclude that future research into the mechanisms underlying the susceptibility of the adolescent hippocampus to stress, exercise and diet and the consequent effect on cognition may provide insight into why adolescence may be a vital period for correct conditioning of future hippocampal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Hueston
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - J F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Y M Nolan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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17
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Kondo H, Uchida M, Ichihashi Y, Suzuki A, Hayashi S, Iinuma M, Azuma K, Kubo KY. Maternal occlusal disharmony during pregnancy induces spatial memory deficits associated with the suppression of hippocampal neurogenesis in adult mouse offspring. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Pascual R, Cuevas I, Santander O, Valencia M. Influence of antenatal synthetic glucocorticoid administration on pyramidal cell morphology and microtubule-associated protein type 2 (MAP2) in rat cerebrocortical neurons. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2017; 26:9-15. [PMID: 28203043 PMCID: PMC5295246 DOI: 10.1297/cpe.26.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous animal studies have indicated that excessive prenatal circulating glucocorticoid (GC) levels induced by the antenatal administration of synthetic GC (sGC) significantly alter neuronal development in the cerebellar and hippocampal neurons of the offspring. However, it is unknown whether antenatal sGC administration results in long-term neocortical pyramidal cell impairment. In the current study, we examined whether an equivalent therapeutic dose of antenatal betamethasone phosphate (BET) in pregnant rats alters the Golgi-stained basilar dendritic length and histochemical expression of dendritic microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) of neocortical pyramidal cells in infant, adolescent, and young adult offspring. The results obtained showed that in utero BET exposure resulted in a significant reduction in the basilar dendritic length per neuron and a transient reduction in histochemical MAP2 immunoreactivity. Consistent with previous hippocampal and cerebellar data, the present findings suggest that prenatal BET administration alters the dendritic growth of cerebrocortical pyramidal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Pascual
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Isabel Cuevas
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Odra Santander
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Martina Valencia
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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19
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Jia N, Sun Q, Su Q, Dang S, Chen G. Taurine promotes cognitive function in prenatally stressed juvenile rats via activating the Akt-CREB-PGC1α pathway. Redox Biol 2016; 10:179-190. [PMID: 27768969 PMCID: PMC5072153 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence has shown that the oxidative damage to hippocampal neurons is associated with the cognitive impairment induced by adverse stimuli during gestation named prenatal stress (PS). Taurine, a conditionally essential amino acid, possesses multiple roles in the brain as a neuromodulator or antioxidant. In this study, to explore the roles of taurine in PS-induced learning and memory impairment, prenatal restraint stress was set up and Morris water maze (MWM) was employed for testing the cognitive function in the one-month-old rat offspring. The mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) level,mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ATP and cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) activity and apoptosis-related proteins in the hippocampus were detected. The activity of the Akt-cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor–γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α) pathway in the hippocampus was measured. The results showed that high dosage of taurine administration in the early postnatal period attenuated impairment of spatial learning and memory induced by PS. Meanwhile, taurine administration diminished the increase in mitochondrial ROS, and recovered the reduction of MMP, ATP level and the activities of CcO, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and catalase induced by PS in the hippocampus. In addition, taurine administration recovered PS-suppressed SOD2 expression level. Taurine administration blocked PS-induced decrease in the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and increase in the ratio of cleaved caspase-3/full-length caspase-3. Notably, taurine inhibited PS-decreased phosphorylation of Akt (pAkt) and phosphorylation of CREB (pCREB), which consequently enhanced the mRNA and protein levels of PGC1α. Taken together, these results suggest that high dosage of taurine administration during the early postnatal period can significantly improve the cognitive function in prenatally stressed juvenile rats via activating the Akt-CREB-PGC1α pathway. Therefore, taurine has therapeutic potential for prenatal stressed offspring rats in future. Taurine attenuates prenatal stress (PS)-induced cognitive impairment. Taurine reduces PS-induced neuronal apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Taurine maintains the activities of SOD2 and catalase to repress ROS. Taurine activates PS-suppressed Akt-CREB-PGC1α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jia
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
| | - Qinru Sun
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
| | - Qian Su
- Division of Neonatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Shaokang Dang
- Division of Neonatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Guomin Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
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20
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Tang W, Cheng J, Wang ZY, Chen KY, Han ZM, Wang QH, Yao YY. The Synergistic Roles of the Chronic Prenatal and Offspring Stress Exposures in Impairing Offspring Learning and Memory. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 53:221-36. [PMID: 27128656 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), extensive experimental studies have demonstrated a negative impact of chronic stress during various stages of life (including prenatal phase) on some aspects of AD pathology. Nevertheless, presently, few studies have been involved in the learning and memory impairments, as well as neuropathology elicited by the chronic prenatal stress (CPS) and the chronic offspring stress (COS) exposures simultaneously, particularly for the adult male APPswe/PS1dE9 murine offspring. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of CPS on learning and memory impairments induced by COS in 6-month-old male APPswe/PS1dE9 offspring mice and the related mechanism. Our study firstly demonstrates that 14-day exposure to CPS could exacerbate the learning and memory impairments, as well as neuropathological damages in the CA3 regions of the hippocampus and cortex neurons, which is induced by the 28-day exposure to COS in 6-month-old male APPswe/PS1dE9 offspring mice. In addition, CPS could potentiate the production of AβPP, Aβ42, and corticosterone in 6-month-old male APPswe/PS1dE9 offspring that also suffer COS. In conclusion, our novel findings strongly implicate the synergistic roles of the CPS and COS exposures in impairing offspring learning and memory. Moreover, CPS potentiating the production of Aβ42 might be mediated by glucocorticoids through increasing the expression of APP and BACE1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Juan Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zheng-Yu Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ke-Yang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhen-Min Han
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qi-Hong Wang
- Hefei Meikang Medical Equipment Co., Ltd., Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yu-You Yao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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21
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Kiryanova V, Meunier SJ, Vecchiarelli HA, Hill MN, Dyck RH. Effects of maternal stress and perinatal fluoxetine exposure on behavioral outcomes of adult male offspring. Neuroscience 2016; 320:281-96. [PMID: 26872999 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Women of child-bearing age are the population group at highest risk for depression. In pregnant women, fluoxetine (Flx) is the most widely prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) used for the treatment of depression. While maternal stress, depression, and Flx exposure have been shown to effect neurodevelopment of the offspring, separately, combined effects of maternal stress and Flx exposure have not been extensively examined. The present study investigated the effects of prenatal maternal stress and perinatal exposure to the SSRI Flx on the behavior of male mice as adults. METHODS C57BL/6 dams exposed to chronic unpredictable stress from embryonic (E) day 4 to E18 and non-stressed dams were administered Flx (25 mg/kg/d) in the drinking water from E15 to postnatal day 12. A separate control group consisted of animals that were not exposed to stress or Flx. At 12 days of age, brain levels of serotonin were assessed in the male offspring. At two months of age, the male offspring of mothers exposed to prenatal stress (PS), perinatal Flx, PS and Flx, or neither PS or Flx, went through a comprehensive behavioral test battery. At the end of testing brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) levels were assessed in the frontal cortex of the offspring. RESULTS Maternal behavior was not altered by either stress or Flx treatment. Treatment of the mother with Flx led to detectible Flx and NorFlx levels and lead to a decrease in serotonin levels in pup brains. In the adult male offspring, while perinatal exposure to Flx increased aggressive behavior, prenatal maternal stress decreased aggressive behavior. Interestingly, the combined effects of stress and Flx normalized aggressive behavior. Furthermore, perinatal Flx treatment led to a decrease in anxiety-like behavior in male offspring. PS led to hyperactivity and a decrease in BDNF levels in the frontal cortex regardless of Flx exposure. Neither maternal stress or Flx altered offspring performance in tests of cognitive abilities, memory, sensorimotor information processing, or risk assessment behaviors. These results demonstrate that maternal exposure to stress and Flx have a number of sustained effects on the male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kiryanova
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - S J Meunier
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - H A Vecchiarelli
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - M N Hill
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - R H Dyck
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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22
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Mastication as a Stress-Coping Behavior. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:876409. [PMID: 26090453 PMCID: PMC4450283 DOI: 10.1155/2015/876409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to chronic stress induces various physical and mental effects that may ultimately lead to disease. Stress-related disease has become a global health problem. Mastication (chewing) is an effective behavior for coping with stress, likely due to the alterations chewing causes in the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system. Mastication under stressful conditions attenuates stress-induced increases in plasma corticosterone and catecholamines, as well as the expression of stress-related substances, such as neurotrophic factors and nitric oxide. Further, chewing reduces stress-induced changes in central nervous system morphology, especially in the hippocampus and hypothalamus. In rodents, chewing or biting on wooden sticks during exposure to various stressors reduces stress-induced gastric ulcer formation and attenuates spatial cognitive dysfunction, anxiety-like behavior, and bone loss. In humans, some studies demonstrate that chewing gum during exposure to stress decreases plasma and salivary cortisol levels and reduces mental stress, although other studies report no such effect. Here, we discuss the neuronal mechanisms that underline the interactions between masticatory function and stress-coping behaviors in animals and humans.
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23
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Pascual R, Valencia M, Bustamante C. Antenatal betamethasone produces protracted changes in anxiety‐like behaviors and in the expression of microtubule‐associated protein 2, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and the tyrosine kinase B receptor in the rat cerebellar cortex. Int J Dev Neurosci 2015; 43:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Pascual
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de CienciasPontificia Universidad Católica de ValparaísoValparaísoChile
| | - Martina Valencia
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de CienciasPontificia Universidad Católica de ValparaísoValparaísoChile
| | - Carlos Bustamante
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de CienciasPontificia Universidad Católica de ValparaísoValparaísoChile
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Cao K, Zheng A, Xu J, Li H, Liu J, Peng Y, Long J, Zou X, Li Y, Chen C, Liu J, Feng Z. AMPK activation prevents prenatal stress-induced cognitive impairment: modulation of mitochondrial content and oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 75:156-66. [PMID: 25091899 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal stress induces cognitive functional impairment in offspring, an eventuality in which mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are believed to be closely involved. In this study, the involvement of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway was investigated. A well-known activator, resveratrol (Res), was used to induce AMPK activation in SH-SY-5Y cells. Significant mitochondrial biogenesis and phase II enzyme activation, accompanied by decreased protein oxidation and GSSG content, were observed after Res treatment, and inhibition of AMPK with Compound c abolished the induction effects of Res. Further study utilizing a prenatal restraint stress (PRS) animal model indicated that maternal supplementation of Res may activate AMPK in the hippocampi of both male and female offspring, and that PRS-induced mitochondrial loss in the offspring hippocampus was inhibited by Res maternal supplementation. In addition, Res activated Nrf2-mediated phase II enzymes and reduced PRS-induced oxidative damage in both male and female offspring. Moreover, PRS markedly decreased mRNA levels of various neuron markers, as well as resultant offspring cognitive function, based on spontaneous alternation performance and Morris water maze tests, the results of which were significantly improved by maternal Res supplementation. Our results provide evidence indicating that AMPK may modulate mitochondrial content and phase II enzymes in neuronal cells, a process which may play an essential role in preventing PRS-induced cognitive impairment. Through the coupling of mitochondrial biogenesis and the Nrf2 pathway, AMPK may modulate oxidative stress and be a promising target against neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Cao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Adi Zheng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Li
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunhua Peng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuan Zou
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, FIST, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Appraisal of the effect of brain impregnation duration on neuronal staining and morphology in a modified Golgi-Cox method. J Neurosci Methods 2014; 235:193-207. [PMID: 25063423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Golgi-Cox staining method is considered as one of the best neurohistological and fascinating staining techniques to reveal the cytoarchitecture of the brain. Requirement of longer time (more than a month), laborious section processing steps, requirement of sophisticated equipment's and costly ready to use kits limits extensive use of this technique. NEW METHOD The need for a modified staining technique is to overcome some of these hurdles. Here we describe a modification of Golgi-Cox staining involving reduced impregnation time (7 days), omitting tissue dehydration steps, and alterations in section processing steps. Different impregnation duration (7 days, 14 days, 1 month, 6 months and 10 months) effects on optimized staining of dorsal hippocampus and basolateral amygdala were investigated. RESULTS Modified Golgi-Cox staining method was found to be effective in staining rat hippocampus and amygdala. Impregnation for 7 days, 14 days and 1 month resulted in giving good results and they were comparable. However, artifacts were slightly elevated with 6 months group but not extensively. Impregnation for 10 months negatively affected the staining process. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) Compared to existing methods the current method was found to be cost effective, fast, reliable and can be executed in labs where infrastructure is limited. CONCLUSIONS Current modification considerably benefitted in obtaining better results (good clarity and lesser artifact) in a short time. Longer impregnated brain sections were found to be unsuitable for morphometric evaluation due to more stain precipitation and artifact. The modified technique can be used to study cellular architecture in other brain regions.
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Onishi M, Iinuma M, Tamura Y, Kubo KY. Learning deficits and suppression of the cell proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of offspring are attenuated by maternal chewing during prenatal stress. Neurosci Lett 2014; 560:77-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Markham JA, Mullins SE, Koenig JI. Periadolescent maturation of the prefrontal cortex is sex-specific and is disrupted by prenatal stress. J Comp Neurol 2013; 521:1828-43. [PMID: 23172080 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) undergoes dramatic, sex-specific maturation during adolescence. Adolescence is a vulnerable window for developing mental illnesses that show significant sexual dimorphisms. Gestational stress is associated with increased risk for both schizophrenia, which is more common among men, and cognitive deficits. We have shown that male, but not female, rats exposed to prenatal stress develop postpubertal deficits in cognitive behaviors supported by the prefrontal cortex. Here we tested the hypothesis that repeated variable prenatal stress during the third week of rat gestation disrupts periadolescent development of prefrontal neurons in a sex-specific fashion. Using Golgi-Cox stained tissue, we compared dendritic arborization and spine density of prelimbic layer III neurons in prenatally stressed and control animals at juvenile (day 20), prepubertal (day 30), postpubertal (day 56), and adult (day 90) ages (N = 115). Dendritic ramification followed a sex-specific pattern that was disrupted during adolescence in prenatally stressed males, but not in females. In contrast, the impact of prenatal stress on the female PFC was not evident until adulthood. Prenatal stress also caused reductions in brain and body weights, and the latter effect was more pronounced among males. Additionally, there was a trend toward reduced testosterone levels for adult prenatally stressed males. Our findings indicate that, similarly to humans, the rat PFC undergoes sex-specific development during adolescence and furthermore that this process is disrupted by prenatal stress. These findings may be relevant to both the development of normal sex differences in cognition as well as differential male-female vulnerability to psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Markham
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland-Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21228, USA.
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Gutiérrez-Rojas C, Pascual R, Bustamante C. Prenatal stress alters the behavior and dendritic morphology of the medial orbitofrontal cortex in mouse offspring during lactation. Int J Dev Neurosci 2013; 31:505-11. [PMID: 23727133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several preclinical and clinical studies have shown that prenatal stress alters neuronal dendritic development in the prefrontal cortex, together with behavioral disturbances (anxiety). Nevertheless, neither whether these alterations are present during the lactation period, nor whether such findings may reflect the onset of anxiety disorders observed in childhood and adulthood has been studied. The central aim of the present study was to determine the effects of prenatal stress on the neuronal development and behavior of mice offspring during lactation (postnatal days 14 and 21). We studied 24 CF-1 male mice, grouped as follows: (i) control P14 (n=6), (ii) stressed P14 (n=6), (iii) control P21 (n=6) and (iv) stressed P21 (n=6). On the corresponding days, animals were evaluated with the open field test and sacrificed. Their brains were then stained in Golgi-Cox solution for 30 days. The morphological analysis dealt with the study of 96 pyramidal neurons. The results showed, first, that prenatal stress resulted in a significant (i) decrease in the apical dendritic length of pyramidal neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex at postnatal day 14, (ii) increase in the apical dendritic length of pyramidal neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex at postnatal day 21, and (iii) reduction in exploratory behavior at postnatal day 14 and 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Gutiérrez-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile.
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The effects of prenatal and postnatal environmental interaction: prenatal environmental adaptation hypothesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 107:483-92. [PMID: 23624396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Adverse antenatal maternal environments during pregnancy influence fetal development that consequently increases risks of mental health problems including psychiatric disorders in offspring. Therefore, behavioral and brain alterations caused by adverse prenatal environmental conditions are generally considered as deficits. In this article, we propose a novel hypothesis, along with summarizing a body of literatures supporting it, that fetal neurodevelopmental alterations, particularly synaptic network changes occurring in the prefrontal cortex, associated with adverse prenatal environmental conditions may be adaptation to cope with expected severe postnatal environments, and therefore, psychiatric disorders may be able to be understood as adaptive strategies against severe environmental conditions through evolution. It is hoped that the hypothesis presented in this article stimulates and opens a new venue on research toward understanding of biological mechanisms and therapeutic treatments of psychiatric disorders.
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Bustamante C, Henríquez R, Medina F, Reinoso C, Vargas R, Pascual R. Maternal exercise during pregnancy ameliorates the postnatal neuronal impairments induced by prenatal restraint stress in mice. Int J Dev Neurosci 2013; 31:267-73. [PMID: 23466414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated that prenatal stress (PS) induces neuronal and behavioral disturbances in the offspring. In the present study, we determined whether maternal voluntary wheel running (VWR) during pregnancy could reverse the putative deleterious effects of PS on the neurodevelopment and behavior of the offspring. Pregnant CF-1 mice were randomly assigned to control, restraint stressed or restraint stressed+VWR groups. Dams of the stressed group were subjected to restraint stress between gestational days 14 and delivery, while control pregnant dams remained undisturbed in their home cages. Dams of the restraint stressed+VWR group were subjected to exercise between gestational days 1 and 17. On postnatal day 23 (P23), male pups were assigned to one of the following experimental groups: mice born from control dams, stressed dams or stressed+VWR dams. Locomotor behavior and pyramidal neuronal morphology were evaluated at P23. Animals were then sacrificed, and Golgi-impregnated pyramidal neurons of the parietal cortex were morphometrically analyzed. Here, we present two major findings: first, PS produced significantly diminished dendritic growth of parietal neurons without altered locomotor behavior of the offspring; and second, maternal VWR significantly offset morphological impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bustamante
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile.
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Behavioral and neurobiological effects of prenatal stress exposure in male and female APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:319-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Grace CE, Kim SJ, Rogers JM. Maternal influences on epigenetic programming of the developing hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 91:797-805. [DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 02/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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