1
|
De Benedictis A, Rossi-Espagnet MC, de Palma L, Sarubbo S, Marras CE. Structural networking of the developing brain: from maturation to neurosurgical implications. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1242757. [PMID: 38099209 PMCID: PMC10719860 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1242757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern neuroscience agrees that neurological processing emerges from the multimodal interaction among multiple cortical and subcortical neuronal hubs, connected at short and long distance by white matter, to form a largely integrated and dynamic network, called the brain "connectome." The final architecture of these circuits results from a complex, continuous, and highly protracted development process of several axonal pathways that constitute the anatomical substrate of neuronal interactions. Awareness of the network organization of the central nervous system is crucial not only to understand the basis of children's neurological development, but also it may be of special interest to improve the quality of neurosurgical treatments of many pediatric diseases. Although there are a flourishing number of neuroimaging studies of the connectome, a comprehensive vision linking this research to neurosurgical practice is still lacking in the current pediatric literature. The goal of this review is to contribute to bridging this gap. In the first part, we summarize the main current knowledge concerning brain network maturation and its involvement in different aspects of normal neurocognitive development as well as in the pathophysiology of specific diseases. The final section is devoted to identifying possible implications of this knowledge in the neurosurgical field, especially in epilepsy and tumor surgery, and to discuss promising perspectives for future investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luca de Palma
- Clinical and Experimental Neurology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvio Sarubbo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Santa Chiara Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
McVoy M, Aebi ME, Loparo K, Lytle S, Morris A, Woods N, Deyling E, Tatsuoka C, Kaffashi F, Lhatoo S, Sajatovic M. Resting-State Quantitative Electroencephalography Demonstrates Differential Connectivity in Adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2019; 29:370-377. [PMID: 31038351 PMCID: PMC7227423 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2018.0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Biomarkers for psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents are urgently needed. This cross-sectional pilot study investigated quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG), a promising intermediate biomarker, in pediatric patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) compared with healthy controls (HCs). We hypothesized that youth with MDD would have increased coherence (connectivity) and absolute alpha power in the frontal cortex compared with HC. Methods: qEEG was obtained in adolescents aged 14-17 years with MDD (n = 25) and age- and gender-matched HCs (n = 14). The primary outcome was overall coherence on qEEG in the four frequency bands (alpha, beta, theta, and delta). Other outcomes included frontal-only coherence, overall and frontal-only qEEG power, and clinician-rated measures of anhedonia and anxiety. Results: Average coherence in the theta band was significantly lower in MDD patients versus HCs, and also lower in frontal cortex among MDD patients. Seven node pairs were significantly different or trending toward significance between MDD and HC; all had lower coherence in MDD patients. Average frontal delta power was significantly higher in MDD versus HCs. Conclusions: Brain connectivity measured by qEEG differs significantly between adolescents with MDD and HCs. Compared with HCs, youth with MDD showed decreased connectivity, yet no differences in power in any frequency bands. In the frontal cortex, youth with MDD showed decreased resting connectivity in the alpha and theta frequency bands. Impaired development of a resting-state brain network (e.g., default mode network) in adolescents with MDD may represent an intermediate phenotype that can be assessed with qEEG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Molly McVoy
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Neurological and Behavioral Outcomes Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.,Address correspondence to: Molly McVoy, MD, Neurological and Behavioral Outcomes Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, W.O. Walker Building, Suite 1155A, 10524 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Michelle E. Aebi
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Neurological and Behavioral Outcomes Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kenneth Loparo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University School of Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sarah Lytle
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Neurological and Behavioral Outcomes Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Alla Morris
- Neurological Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nicole Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Elizabeth Deyling
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Curtis Tatsuoka
- Neurological and Behavioral Outcomes Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Farhad Kaffashi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University School of Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Samden Lhatoo
- Neurological and Behavioral Outcomes Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.,Neurological Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Martha Sajatovic
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Neurological and Behavioral Outcomes Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiang P, Vuontela V, Tokariev M, Lin H, Aronen ET, Ma Y, Carlson S. Functional connectivity of intrinsic cognitive networks during resting state and task performance in preadolescent children. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205690. [PMID: 30332489 PMCID: PMC6192623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Earlier studies on adults have shown that functional connectivity (FC) of brain networks can vary depending on the brain state and cognitive challenge. Network connectivity has been investigated quite extensively in children in resting state, much less during tasks and is largely unexplored between these brain states. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging and independent component analysis to investigate the functional architecture of large-scale brain networks in 16 children (aged 7–11 years, 11 males) and 16 young adults (aged 22–29 years, 10 males) during resting state and visual working memory tasks. We identified the major neurocognitive intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) in both groups. Children had stronger FC than adults within the cingulo-opercular network in resting state, during task performance, and after controlling for performance differences. During tasks, children had stronger FC than adults also within the default mode (DMN) and right frontoparietal (rFPN) networks, and between the anterior DMN and the frontopolar network, whereas adults had stronger coupling between the anterior DMN and rFPN. Furthermore, children compared to adults modulated the FC strength regarding the rFPN differently between the brain states. The FC within the anterior DMN correlated with age and performance in children so that the younger they were, the stronger was the FC, and the stronger the FC within this network, the slower they performed the tasks. The group differences in the network connectivity reported here, and the observed correlations with task performance, provide insight into the normative development of the preadolescent brain and link maturation of functional connectivity with improving cognitive performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jiang
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, and Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland.,Huaxi Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Virve Vuontela
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Child Psychiatry, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maksym Tokariev
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, and Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Hai Lin
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, and Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Eeva T Aronen
- Child Psychiatry, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Pediatric Research Center, Laboratory of Developmental Psychopathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - YuanYe Ma
- Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Synnöve Carlson
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, and Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vilor-Tejedor N, Alemany S, Cáceres A, Bustamante M, Pujol J, Sunyer J, González JR. Strategies for integrated analysis in imaging genetics studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 93:57-70. [PMID: 29944960 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Imaging Genetics (IG) integrates neuroimaging and genomic data from the same individual, deepening our knowledge of the biological mechanisms behind neurodevelopmental domains and neurological disorders. Although the literature on IG has exponentially grown over the past years, the majority of studies have mainly analyzed associations between candidate brain regions and individual genetic variants. However, this strategy is not designed to deal with the complexity of neurobiological mechanisms underlying behavioral and neurodevelopmental domains. Moreover, larger sample sizes and increased multidimensionality of this type of data represents a challenge for standardizing modeling procedures in IG research. This review provides a systematic update of the methods and strategies currently used in IG studies, and serves as an analytical framework for researchers working in this field. To complement the functionalities of the Neuroconductor framework, we also describe existing R packages that implement these methodologies. In addition, we present an overview of how these methodological approaches are applied in integrating neuroimaging and genetic data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natàlia Vilor-Tejedor
- Barcelona Research Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Beta Brain Research Center (BBRC) - Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Silvia Alemany
- Barcelona Research Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cáceres
- Barcelona Research Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- Barcelona Research Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Pujol
- MRI Research Unit, Hospital del Mar, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM G21, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Barcelona Research Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan R González
- Barcelona Research Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hosseini SMH, Mazaika P, Mauras N, Buckingham B, Weinzimer SA, Tsalikian E, White NH, Reiss AL. Altered Integration of Structural Covariance Networks in Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 37:4034-4046. [PMID: 27339089 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), one of the most frequent chronic diseases in children, is associated with glucose dysregulation that contributes to an increased risk for neurocognitive deficits. While there is a bulk of evidence regarding neurocognitive deficits in adults with T1D, little is known about how early-onset T1D affects neural networks in young children. Recent data demonstrated widespread alterations in regional gray matter and white matter associated with T1D in young children. These widespread neuroanatomical changes might impact the organization of large-scale brain networks. In the present study, we applied graph-theoretical analysis to test whether the organization of structural covariance networks in the brain for a cohort of young children with T1D (N = 141) is altered compared to healthy controls (HC; N = 69). While the networks in both groups followed a small world organization-an architecture that is simultaneously highly segregated and integrated-the T1D network showed significantly longer path length compared with HC, suggesting reduced global integration of brain networks in young children with T1D. In addition, network robustness analysis revealed that the T1D network model showed more vulnerability to neural insult compared with HC. These results suggest that early-onset T1D negatively impacts the global organization of structural covariance networks and influences the trajectory of brain development in childhood. This is the first study to examine structural covariance networks in young children with T1D. Improving glycemic control for young children with T1D might help prevent alterations in brain networks in this population. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4034-4046, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Hadi Hosseini
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
| | - Paul Mazaika
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Nelly Mauras
- Division of Endocrinology, Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Bruce Buckingham
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Stuart A Weinzimer
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Eva Tsalikian
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Neil H White
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Allan L Reiss
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gonzalez-Castillo J, Bandettini PA. Task-based dynamic functional connectivity: Recent findings and open questions. Neuroimage 2017; 180:526-533. [PMID: 28780401 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The temporal evolution of functional connectivity (FC) within the confines of individual scans is nowadays often explored with functional neuroimaging. This is particularly true for resting-state; yet, FC-dynamics have also been investigated as subjects engage on numerous tasks. It is these research efforts that constitute the core of this survey. First, empirical observations on how FC differs between task and rest-independent of temporal scale-are reviewed, as they underscore how, despite overall preservation of network topography, the brain's FC does reconfigure in systematic ways to accommodate task demands. Next, reports on the relationships between instantaneous FC and perception/performance in subsequent trials are discussed. Similarly, research where different aspects of task-concurrent FC-dynamics are explored or utilized to predict ongoing mental states are also examined. The manuscript finishes with an incomplete list of challenges that hopefully fuels future work in this vibrant area of neuroscientific research. Overall, this review concludes that task-concurrent FC-dynamics, when properly characterized, are relevant to behavior, and that their translational value holds considerable promise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter A Bandettini
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Functional MRI Core, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Coupling of online control and inhibitory systems in children with atypical motor development: A growth curve modelling study. Brain Cogn 2016; 109:84-95. [PMID: 27648975 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research indicates that children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) show deficits performing online corrections, an issue exacerbated by adding inhibitory constraints; however, cross-sectional data suggests that these deficits may reduce with age. Using a longitudinal design, the aim of the study presented here was to model the coupling that occurs between inhibitory systems and (predictive) online control in typically developing children (TDC) and in those with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) over an extended period of time, using a framework of interactive specialization. We predicted that TDC would show a non-linear growth pattern, consistent with re-organisation in the coupling during the middle childhood period, while DCD would display a developmental lag. METHOD A group of 196 children (111 girls and 85 boys) aged between 6 and 12years participated in the study. Children were classified as DCD according to research criteria. Using a cohort sequential design, both TDC and DCD groups were divided into age cohorts. Predictive (online) control was defined operationally by performance on a Double-Jump Reaching Task (DJRT), which was assessed at 6-month intervals over two years (5 time points in total). Inhibitory control was examined using an anti-jump condition of the DJRT paradigm whereby children were instructed to touch a target location in the hemispace opposite a cued location. RESULTS For the TDC group, model comparison using growth curve analysis revealed that a quadratic trend was the most appropriate fit with evidence of rapid improvement in anti-reach performance up until middle childhood (around 8-9years of age), followed by a more gradual rate of improvement into late childhood and early adolescence. This pattern was evident on both chronometric and kinematic measures. In contrast, for children with DCD, a linear function provided the best to fit on the key metrics, with a slower rate of improvement than controls. CONCLUSION We conclude that children with DCD require a more extended period of development to effectively couple online motor control and executive systems when completing anti-reach movements, whereas TDC show rapid improvement in early and middle childhood. These group differences in growth curves are likely to reflect a maturational lag in the development of motor-cognitive networks in children with DCD.
Collapse
|
8
|
Caeyenberghs K, Taymans T, Wilson PH, Vanderstraeten G, Hosseini H, van Waelvelde H. Neural signature of developmental coordination disorder in the structural connectome independent of comorbid autism. Dev Sci 2016; 19:599-612. [DOI: 10.1111/desc.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Caeyenberghs
- School of Psychology; Faculty of Health Sciences; Australian Catholic University; Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences; Monash Biomedical Imaging lab; Monash University; Australia
| | - Tom Taymans
- Department of Physical Therapy and Motor Rehabilitation; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; University of Ghent; Belgium
| | - Peter H. Wilson
- School of Psychology; Faculty of Health Sciences; Australian Catholic University; Australia
| | - Guy Vanderstraeten
- Department of Physical Therapy and Motor Rehabilitation; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; University of Ghent; Belgium
| | - Hadi Hosseini
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; School of Medicine; Stanford University; USA
| | - Hilde van Waelvelde
- Department of Physical Therapy and Motor Rehabilitation; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; University of Ghent; Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fischi-Gomez E, Muñoz-Moreno E, Vasung L, Griffa A, Borradori-Tolsa C, Monnier M, Lazeyras F, Thiran JP, Hüppi PS. Brain network characterization of high-risk preterm-born school-age children. Neuroimage Clin 2016; 11:195-209. [PMID: 26955515 PMCID: PMC4761723 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Higher risk for long-term cognitive and behavioral impairments is one of the hallmarks of extreme prematurity (EP) and pregnancy-associated fetal adverse conditions such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). While neurodevelopmental delay and abnormal brain function occur in the absence of overt brain lesions, these conditions have been recently associated with changes in microstructural brain development. Recent imaging studies indicate changes in brain connectivity, in particular involving the white matter fibers belonging to the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic loop. Furthermore, EP and IUGR have been related to altered brain network architecture in childhood, with reduced network global capacity, global efficiency and average nodal strength. In this study, we used a connectome analysis to characterize the structural brain networks of these children, with a special focus on their topological organization. On one hand, we confirm the reduced averaged network node degree and strength due to EP and IUGR. On the other, the decomposition of the brain networks in an optimal set of clusters remained substantially different among groups, talking in favor of a different network community structure. However, and despite the different community structure, the brain networks of these high-risk school-age children maintained the typical small-world, rich-club and modularity characteristics in all cases. Thus, our results suggest that brain reorganizes after EP and IUGR, prioritizing a tight modular structure, to maintain the small-world, rich-club and modularity characteristics. By themselves, both extreme prematurity and IUGR bear a similar risk for neurocognitive and behavioral impairment, and the here defined modular network alterations confirm similar structural changes both by IUGR and EP at school age compared to control. Interestingly, the combination of both conditions (IUGR + EP) does not result in a worse outcome. In such cases, the alteration in network topology appears mainly driven by the effect of extreme prematurity, suggesting that these brain network alterations present at school age have their origin in a common critical period, both for intrauterine and extrauterine adverse conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elda Fischi-Gomez
- Signal Processing Laboratory 5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Emma Muñoz-Moreno
- Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lana Vasung
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Griffa
- Signal Processing Laboratory 5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology, University Hospital Center (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Borradori-Tolsa
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maryline Monnier
- Follow-up Unit, Neonatology Service, Department of Pediatrics University Hospital Center (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - François Lazeyras
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Philippe Thiran
- Signal Processing Laboratory 5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology, University Hospital Center (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Petra S Hüppi
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schmock H, Vangkilde A, Larsen KM, Fischer E, Birknow MR, Jepsen JRM, Olesen C, Skovby F, Plessen KJ, Mørup M, Hulme O, Baaré WFC, Didriksen M, Siebner HR, Werge T, Olsen L. The Danish 22q11 research initiative. BMC Psychiatry 2015; 15:220. [PMID: 26384214 PMCID: PMC4574168 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-015-0594-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodevelopmental brain disorders such as schizophrenia, autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are complex disorders with heterogeneous etiologies. Schizophrenia and autism are difficult to treat and often cause major individual suffering largely owing to our limited understanding of the disease biology. Thus our understanding of the biological pathogenesis needs to be substantiated to enable development of more targeted treatment options with improved efficacy. Insights into the pre-morbid disease dynamics, the morbid condition and the underlying biological disease mechanisms may come from studies of subjects with homogenous etiologies. Breakthroughs in psychiatric genetics have shown that several genetic anomalies predispose for neurodevelopmental brain disorders. We have established a Danish research initiative to study the common microdeletion at chromosome 22q11.2, which is one of the genetic anomalies that confer high risk of schizophrenia, autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. METHODS/DESIGN The study applies a "cause-to-outcome" strategy to identify pre-morbid pathogenesis and underlying biological disease mechanisms of psychosis and secondarily the morbid condition of autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. We use a population based epidemiological design to inform on disease prevalence, environmental risk factors and familial disposition for mental health disorders and a case control study design to map the functional effects across behavioral and neurophysiological traits of the 22q11 deletion in a recruited sample of Danish individuals. DISCUSSION Identification of predictive pre-morbid clinical, cognitive, functional and structural brain alterations in 22q11 deletion carriers may alter current clinical practice from symptomatic therapy of manifest mental illness into early intervention strategies, which may also be applicable to at risk subjects without known etiology. Hopefully new insights into the biological disease mechanisms, which are mandatory for novel drug developments, can improve the outcome of the pharmacological interventions in psychiatry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Schmock
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Boserupvej 2, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark ,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Vangkilde
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Boserupvej 2, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark ,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kit Melissa Larsen
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Boserupvej 2, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark ,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark ,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark ,DTU Compute, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Richard Petersens Plads Building 324, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Elvira Fischer
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Boserupvej 2, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark ,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | | | - Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Bispebjerg Bakke 30, 2400 København NV, Denmark ,Lundbeck Foundation Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS) and Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR), Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Ndr. Ringvej 29-67, DK- 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Olesen
- Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Norrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Flemming Skovby
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Jessica Plessen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Bispebjerg Bakke 30, 2400 København NV, Denmark ,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 København N, Denmark
| | - Morten Mørup
- DTU Compute, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Richard Petersens Plads Building 324, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ollie Hulme
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - William Frans Christiaan Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | | | - Hartwig Roman Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark ,Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 København NV, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Boserupvej 2, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark ,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark ,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 København N, Denmark
| | - Line Olsen
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Boserupvej 2, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark. .,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Somandepalli K, Kelly C, Reiss PT, Zuo XN, Craddock RC, Yan CG, Petkova E, Castellanos FX, Milham MP, Di Martino A. Short-term test-retest reliability of resting state fMRI metrics in children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2015; 15:83-93. [PMID: 26365788 PMCID: PMC6989828 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with or without ADHD have moderate/high R-fMRI test–retest reliability. Reliability is greater in controls than ADHD across most R-fMRI metrics. Regional differences in ICC related to diagnostic groups reflect underlying pathophysiology for ADHD affecting both inter and intra subject variability.
To date, only one study has examined test–retest reliability of resting state fMRI (R-fMRI) in children, none in clinical developing groups. Here, we assessed short-term test–retest reliability in a sample of 46 children (11–17.9 years) with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 57 typically developing children (TDC). Our primary test–retest reliability measure was the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), quantified for a range of R-fMRI metrics. We aimed to (1) survey reliability within and across diagnostic groups, and (2) compare voxel-wise ICC between groups. We found moderate-to-high ICC across all children and within groups, with higher-order functional networks showing greater ICC. Nearly all R-fMRI metrics exhibited significantly higher ICC in TDC than in children with ADHD for one or more regions. In particular, posterior cingulate and ventral precuneus exhibited group differences in ICC across multiple measures. In the context of overall moderate-to-high test–retest reliability in children, regional differences in ICC related to diagnostic groups likely reflect the underlying pathophysiology for ADHD. Our currently limited understanding of the factors contributing to inter- and intra-subject variability in ADHD underscores the need for large initiatives aimed at examining their impact on test–retest reliability in both clinical and developing populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Somandepalli
- Phyllis Green and Randolph Cowen Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, The Child Study Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, 1 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Clare Kelly
- Phyllis Green and Randolph Cowen Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, The Child Study Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, 1 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Philip T Reiss
- Division of Biostatistics, The Child Study Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, 1 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Xi-Nian Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - R C Craddock
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, 445 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10022, USA; Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Chao-Gan Yan
- Phyllis Green and Randolph Cowen Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, The Child Study Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, 1 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Eva Petkova
- Division of Biostatistics, The Child Study Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, 1 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - F X Castellanos
- Phyllis Green and Randolph Cowen Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, The Child Study Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, 1 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Michael P Milham
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, 445 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10022, USA; Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Adriana Di Martino
- Phyllis Green and Randolph Cowen Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, The Child Study Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, 1 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Inscapes: A movie paradigm to improve compliance in functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroimage 2015; 122:222-32. [PMID: 26241683 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The examination of functional connectivity in fMRI data collected during task-free "rest" has provided a powerful tool for studying functional brain organization. Limitations of this approach include susceptibility to head motion artifacts and participant drowsiness or sleep. These issues are especially relevant when studying young children or clinical populations. Here we introduce a movie paradigm, Inscapes, that features abstract shapes without a narrative or scene-cuts. The movie was designed to provide enough stimulation to improve compliance related to motion and wakefulness while minimizing cognitive load during the collection of functional imaging data. We compare Inscapes to eyes-open rest and to age-appropriate movie clips in healthy adults (Ocean's Eleven, n=22) and a pilot sample of typically developing children ages 3-7 (Fantasia, n=13). Head motion was significantly lower during both movies relative to rest for both groups. In adults, movies decreased the number of participants who self-reported sleep. Intersubject correlations, used to quantify synchronized, task-evoked activity across movie and rest conditions in adults, involved less cortex during Inscapes than Ocean's Eleven. To evaluate the effect of movie-watching on intrinsic functional connectivity networks, we examined mean functional connectivity using both whole-brain functional parcellation and network-based approaches. Both inter- and intra-network metrics were more similar between Inscapes and Rest than between Ocean's Eleven and Rest, particularly in comparisons involving the default network. When comparing movies to Rest, the mean functional connectivity of somatomotor, visual and ventral attention networks differed significantly across various analyses. We conclude that low-demand movies like Inscapes may represent a useful intermediate condition between task-free rest and typical narrative movies while still improving participant compliance. Inscapes is publicly available for download at headspacestudios.org/inscapes.
Collapse
|
13
|
van Duijvenvoorde ACK, Achterberg M, Braams BR, Peters S, Crone EA. Testing a dual-systems model of adolescent brain development using resting-state connectivity analyses. Neuroimage 2015; 124:409-420. [PMID: 25969399 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to test a dual-systems model of adolescent brain development by studying changes in intrinsic functional connectivity within and across networks typically associated with cognitive-control and affective-motivational processes. To this end, resting-state and task-related fMRI data were collected of 269 participants (ages 8-25). Resting-state analyses focused on seeds derived from task-related neural activation in the same participants: the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) from a cognitive rule-learning paradigm and the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) from a reward-paradigm. Whole-brain seed-based resting-state analyses showed an age-related increase in dlPFC connectivity with the caudate and thalamus, and an age-related decrease in connectivity with the (pre)motor cortex. nAcc connectivity showed a strengthening of connectivity with the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and subcortical structures such as the hippocampus, and a specific age-related decrease in connectivity with the ventral medial PFC (vmPFC). Behavioral measures from both functional paradigms correlated with resting-state connectivity strength with their respective seed. That is, age-related change in learning performance was mediated by connectivity between the dlPFC and thalamus, and age-related change in winning pleasure was mediated by connectivity between the nAcc and vmPFC. These patterns indicate (i) strengthening of connectivity between regions that support control and learning, (ii) more independent functioning of regions that support motor and control networks, and (iii) more independent functioning of regions that support motivation and valuation networks with age. These results are interpreted vis-à-vis a dual-systems model of adolescent brain development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C K van Duijvenvoorde
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, and The Netherlands Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - M Achterberg
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, and The Netherlands Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - B R Braams
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, and The Netherlands Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S Peters
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, and The Netherlands Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E A Crone
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, and The Netherlands Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Di Martino A, Fair DA, Kelly C, Satterthwaite TD, Castellanos FX, Thomason ME, Craddock RC, Luna B, Leventhal BL, Zuo XN, Milham MP. Unraveling the miswired connectome: a developmental perspective. Neuron 2015; 83:1335-53. [PMID: 25233316 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The vast majority of mental illnesses can be conceptualized as developmental disorders of neural interactions within the connectome, or developmental miswiring. The recent maturation of pediatric in vivo brain imaging is bringing the identification of clinically meaningful brain-based biomarkers of developmental disorders within reach. Even more auspicious is the ability to study the evolving connectome throughout life, beginning in utero, which promises to move the field from topological phenomenology to etiological nosology. Here, we scope advances in pediatric imaging of the brain connectome as the field faces the challenge of unraveling developmental miswiring. We highlight promises while also providing a pragmatic review of the many obstacles ahead that must be overcome to significantly impact public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Di Martino
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Child Study Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Damien A Fair
- Behavioral Neuroscience and Psychiatry Departments and Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97329, USA
| | - Clare Kelly
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Child Study Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - F Xavier Castellanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Child Study Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Moriah E Thomason
- Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute for Child and Family Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - R Cameron Craddock
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY 10022, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Bennett L Leventhal
- Department of Psychiatry, Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Xi-Nian Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 100101, China
| | - Michael P Milham
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY 10022, USA.
| |
Collapse
|