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Policarpo R, Sierksma A, De Strooper B, d'Ydewalle C. From Junk to Function: LncRNAs in CNS Health and Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:714768. [PMID: 34349622 PMCID: PMC8327212 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.714768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in RNA sequencing technologies helped to uncover the existence of tens of thousands of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that arise from the dark matter of the genome. These lncRNAs were originally thought to be transcriptional noise but an increasing number of studies demonstrate that these transcripts can modulate protein-coding gene expression by a wide variety of transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. The spatiotemporal regulation of lncRNA expression is particularly evident in the central nervous system, suggesting that they may directly contribute to specific brain processes, including neurogenesis and cellular homeostasis. Not surprisingly, lncRNAs are therefore gaining attention as putative novel therapeutic targets for disorders of the brain. In this review, we summarize the recent insights into the functions of lncRNAs in the brain, their role in neuronal maintenance, and their potential contribution to disease. We conclude this review by postulating how these RNA molecules can be targeted for the treatment of yet incurable neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Policarpo
- VIB-KU Leuven Center For Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium
| | - Annerieke Sierksma
- VIB-KU Leuven Center For Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB-KU Leuven Center For Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Constantin d'Ydewalle
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Beerse, Belgium
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Zhang L, Luo X, Chen F, Yuan W, Xiao X, Zhang X, Dong Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y. LncRNA SNHG1 regulates cerebrovascular pathologies as a competing endogenous RNA through HIF-1α/VEGF signaling in ischemic stroke. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:5460-5472. [PMID: 29377234 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that long noncoding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs) play critical roles in multiple biologic processes. However, the Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 1 (SNHG1) function and underlying molecular mechanisms in ischemic stroke have not yet been reported. In the present study, we found that SNHG1 expression was remarkably increased both in isolated cerebral micro-vessels of a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice model, and in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-cultured mice brain micro-vascular endothelial cells (BMECs), meanwhile, the SNHG1 level was negatively correlated with miR-18a in MCAO mice. Mechanistically, SNHG1 inhibition presents larger brain infarct size and worsens neurological scores in MCAO mice. Consistent with the in vivo findings, SNHG1 inhibition also significantly increased caspase-3 activity and cell apoptosis in OGD-cultured BMECs. Furthermore, we found that SNHG1 functions as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-18a, thereby regulating the de-repression of its endogenous target HIF-1α and promoting BMEC survival through HIF-1α/VEGF signaling. This study found a neuroprotective effect of SNHG1 mediated by HIF-1α/VEGF signaling through acting as a ceRNA for miR-18a. These findings reveal a novel function of SNHG1, which contributes to an extensive understanding of ischemic stroke and provides novel therapeutic options for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xianliang Luo
- Department of Medicine, Xi 'an Sixth Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinhua Central Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an North Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinli Xiao
- Institute of neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Institute of neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaru Dong
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanxiao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
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Chen F, Zhang L, Wang E, Zhang C, Li X. LncRNA GAS5 regulates ischemic stroke as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-137 to regulate the Notch1 signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:184-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Xing W, Gao W, Mao G, Zhang J, Lv X, Wang G, Yan J. Long non-coding RNAs in aging organs and tissues. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44 Suppl 1:30-37. [PMID: 28602041 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenmin Xing
- Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province & Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics; Zhejiang Hospital; Hangzhou China
| | - Wenyan Gao
- Institute of Materia Medica; Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences; Hangzhou China
| | - Genxiang Mao
- Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province & Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics; Zhejiang Hospital; Hangzhou China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province & Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics; Zhejiang Hospital; Hangzhou China
| | - Xiaoling Lv
- Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province & Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics; Zhejiang Hospital; Hangzhou China
| | - Guofu Wang
- Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province & Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics; Zhejiang Hospital; Hangzhou China
| | - Jing Yan
- Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province & Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics; Zhejiang Hospital; Hangzhou China
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Xiong K, Long L, Zhang X, Qu H, Deng H, Ding Y, Cai J, Wang S, Wang M, Liao L, Huang J, Yi CX, Yan J. Overview of long non-coding RNA and mRNA expression in response to methamphetamine treatment in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 44:1-10. [PMID: 28619521 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) display multiple functions including regulation of neuronal injury. However, their impact in methamphetamine (METH)-induced neurotoxicity has rarely been reported. Here, using microarray analysis, we investigated the expression profiling of lncRNAs and mRNAs in primary cultured prefrontal cortical neurons after METH treatment. We observed a difference in lncRNA and mRNA expression between the experimental and sham control groups. Using bioinformatics, we analyzed the highest enriched gene ontology (GO) terms of biological process, cellular component, and molecular function, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and pathway network analysis. Furthermore, an lncRNA-mRNA co-expression sub-network for aberrantly expressed terms revealed possible interactions of lncRNA NR_110713 and NR_027943 with their related genes. Afterwards, three lncRNAs (NR_110713, NR_027943, GAS5) and two mRNAs (Ddit3, Casp12) were targeted to validate the microarray data by qRT-PCR. This presented an overview of lncRNA and mRNA expression profiling and indicated that lncRNA might participate in METH-induced neuronal apoptosis by regulating the coding genes of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Lingling Long
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Narcotics Division, Municipal Security Bureau, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Hongke Qu
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Haixiao Deng
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yanjun Ding
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jifeng Cai
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Shuchao Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Mi Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Lvshuang Liao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jufang Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
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Zhou S, Ding F, Gu X. Non-coding RNAs as Emerging Regulators of Neural Injury Responses and Regeneration. Neurosci Bull 2016; 32:253-64. [PMID: 27037691 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a large cluster of RNAs that do not encode proteins, but have multiple functions in diverse cellular processes. Mounting evidence indicates the involvement of ncRNAs in the physiology and pathophysiology of the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been shown that numerous ncRNAs, especially microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, are differentially expressed after insults such as acquired brain injury, spinal cord injury, and peripheral nerve injury. These ncRNAs affect neuronal survival, neurite regrowth, and glial phenotype primarily by targeting specific mRNAs, resulting in translation repression or degradation of the mRNAs. An increasing number of studies have investigated the regulatory roles of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in neural injury and regeneration, and thus a new research field is emerging. In this review, we highlight current progress in the field in an attempt to provide further insight into post-transcriptional changes occurring after neural injury, and to facilitate the potential use of ncRNAs for improving neural regeneration. We also suggest potential directions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Fei Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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Kour S, Rath PC. Long noncoding RNAs in aging and age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 26:1-21. [PMID: 26655093 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the universal, intrinsic, genetically-controlled, evolutionarily-conserved and time-dependent intricate biological process characterised by the cumulative decline in the physiological functions and their coordination in an organism after the attainment of adulthood resulting in the imbalance of neurological, immunological and metabolic functions of the body. Various biological processes and mechanisms along with altered levels of mRNAs and proteins have been reported to be involved in the progression of aging. It is one of the major risk factors in the patho-physiology of various diseases and disorders. Recently, the discovery of pervasive transcription of a vast pool of heterogeneous regulatory noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including small ncRNAs (sncRNAs) and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), in the mammalian genome have provided an alternative way to study and explore the missing links in the aging process, its mechanism(s) and related diseases in a whole new dimension. The involvement of small noncoding RNAs in aging and age-related diseases have been extensively studied and recently reviewed. However, lncRNAs, whose function is far less explored in relation to aging, have emerged as a class of major regulators of genomic functions. Here, we have described some examples of known as well as novel lncRNAs that have been implicated in the progression of the aging process and age-related diseases. This may further stimulate research on noncoding RNAs and the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhleen Kour
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pramod C Rath
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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All-Trans Retinoic Acid Induces Expression of a Novel Intergenic Long Noncoding RNA in Adult rat Primary Hippocampal Neurons. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 58:266-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0671-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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