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Influence of Marine Yeast Debaryomyces hansenii on Antifungal and Physicochemical Properties of Chitosan-Based Films. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8040369. [PMID: 35448600 PMCID: PMC9029259 DOI: 10.3390/jof8040369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan-based film with and without antagonistic yeast was prepared and its effect against Penicillium italicum was evaluated. The biocompatibility of yeast cells in the developed films was assessed in terms of population dynamics. Furthermore, the impact on physicochemical properties of the prepared films with and without yeast cells incorporated were evaluated in terms of thickness, mechanical properties, color and opacity. Chitosan films with the antagonistic yeast entrapped exhibited strong antifungal activity by inhibiting the mycelial development (55%), germination (45%) and reducing the sporulation process (87%). Chitosan matrix at 0.5% and 1.0% was maintained over 9 days of cell viability. However, at 1.5% of chitosan the population dynamics was strongly affected. The addition of yeast cells only impacted color values such as a*, b*, chroma and hue angle when 1.0% of chitosan concentration was used. Conversely, luminosity was not affected in the presence of yeast cells as well as the opacity. Besides, the addition of antagonistic yeast improved the mechanical resistance of the films. The addition of D. hansenii in chitosan films improve their efficacy for controlling P. italicum, and besides showed desirable characteristics for future use as packaging for citrus products.
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2
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Yu L, Qiao N, Zhao J, Zhang H, Tian F, Zhai Q, Chen W. Postharvest control of Penicillium expansum in fruits: A review. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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3
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Ngolong Ngea GL, Yang Q, Castoria R, Zhang X, Routledge MN, Zhang H. Recent trends in detecting, controlling, and detoxifying of patulin mycotoxin using biotechnology methods. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:2447-2472. [PMID: 33336983 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Patulin (PAT) is a mycotoxin that can contaminate many foods and especially fruits and fruit-based products. Therefore, accurate and effective testing is necessary to enable producers to comply with regulations and promote food safety. Traditional approaches involving the use of chemical compounds or physical treatments in food have provided practical methods that have been used to date. However, growing concerns about environmental and health problems associated with these approaches call for new alternatives. In contrast, recent advances in biotechnology have revolutionized the understanding of living organisms and brought more effective biological tools. This review, therefore, focuses on the study of biotechnology approaches for the detection, control, and mitigation of PAT in food. Future aspects of biotechnology development to overcome the food safety problem posed by PAT were also examined. We find that biotechnology advances offer novel, more effective, and environmental friendly approaches for the control and elimination of PAT in food compared to traditional methods. Biosensors represent the future of PAT detection and use biological tools such as aptamer, enzyme, and antibody. PAT prevention strategies include microbial biocontrol, the use of antifungal biomolecules, and the use of microorganisms in combination with antifungal molecules. PAT detoxification aims at the breakdown and removal of PAT in food by using enzymes, microorganisms, and various adsorbent biopolymers. Finally, biotechnology advances will be dependent on the understanding of fundamental biology of living organisms regarding PAT synthesis and resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Legrand Ngolong Ngea
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Institute of Fisheries Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Qiya Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Raffaello Castoria
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Michael N Routledge
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Hongyin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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4
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Alves ACRS, Lima AMF, Tiera MJ, Aparecida de Oliveira Tiera V. Biopolymeric Films of Amphiphilic Derivatives of Chitosan: A Physicochemical Characterization and Antifungal Study. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174173. [PMID: 31454961 PMCID: PMC6747211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical modification of chitosan has been an active subject of research in order to improve the physicochemical and antifungal properties of chitosan-based films. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiochemical and antifungal properties of films prepared with chitosan and its derivatives containing diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) and dodecyl groups (Dod). Chitosans and selected derivatives were synthesized and characterized, and their films blended with glycerol and sorbitol (5%, 10%, and 20%). They were studied by means of the evaluation of their mechanical, thermal, barrier, and antifungal properties. The collected data showed that molecular weight (Mw), degree of acetylation, and grafting with DEAE and Dod groups greatly affected the mechanical, thickness, color, and barrier properties, all of which could be tailored by the plasticizer percentage. The antifungal study against Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria alternata, Alternaria solani, and Penicillium expansum showed that the films containing DEAE and Dod groups exhibited higher antifungal activity than the non-modified chitosans. The mechanical properties of highly soluble films were improved by the plasticizers at percentages of 5% and 10%, indicating these derivatives as potential candidates for the coating of seeds, nuts and fruits of various crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carolina Rodrigues Santos Alves
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Aline Margarete Furuyama Lima
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Marcio José Tiera
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Vera Aparecida de Oliveira Tiera
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil.
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Wu D, Lu J, Zhong S, Schwarz P, Chen B, Rao J. Effect of chitosan coatings on physical stability, antifungal and mycotoxin inhibitory activities of lecithin stabilized cinnamon oil-in-water emulsions. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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6
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Le VT, Bach LG, Pham TT, Le NTT, Ngoc UTP, Tran DHN, Nguyen DH. Synthesis and antifungal activity of chitosan-silver nanocomposite synergize fungicide against Phytophthora capsici. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2019.1586439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Van Thu Le
- Ministry of Public Security, Institute of Chemistry-Biology and Professional Documents, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - The Trinh Pham
- Department of Science and Technology in Dak Lak province, Buon Ma Thuot City, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Thuy Trang Le
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Uyen Thi Phan Ngoc
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Diem-Huong Nguyen Tran
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Dai Hai Nguyen
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Zhong L, Carere J, Lu Z, Lu F, Zhou T. Patulin in Apples and Apple-Based Food Products: The Burdens and the Mitigation Strategies. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E475. [PMID: 30445713 PMCID: PMC6267208 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10110475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Apples and apple-based products are among the most popular foods around the world for their delightful flavors and health benefits. However, the commonly found mold, Penicillium expansum invades wounded apples, causing the blue mold decay and ensuing the production of patulin, a mycotoxin that negatively affects human health. Patulin contamination in apple products has been a worldwide problem without a satisfactory solution yet. A comprehensive understanding of the factors and challenges associated with patulin accumulation in apples is essential for finding such a solution. This review will discuss the effects of the pathogenicity of Penicillium species, quality traits of apple cultivars, and environmental conditions on the severity of apple blue mold and patulin contamination. Moreover, beyond the complicated interactions of the three aforementioned factors, patulin control is also challenged by the lack of reliable detection methods in food matrices, as well as unclear degradation mechanisms and limited knowledge about the toxicities of the metabolites resulting from the degradations. As apple-based products are mainly produced with stored apples, pre- and post-harvest strategies are equally important for patulin mitigation. Before storage, disease-resistance breeding, orchard-management, and elicitor(s) application help control the patulin level by improving the storage qualities of apples and lowering fruit rot severity. From storage to processing, patulin mitigation strategies could benefit from the optimization of apple storage conditions, the elimination of rotten apples, and the safe and effective detoxification or biodegradation of patulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China.
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - Jason Carere
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Fengxia Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Ting Zhou
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
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8
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Recent developments in the enhancement of some postharvest biocontrol agents with unconventional chemicals compounds. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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9
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Al-Naamani L, Dutta J, Dobretsov S. Nanocomposite Zinc Oxide-Chitosan Coatings on Polyethylene Films for Extending Storage Life of Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus). NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E479. [PMID: 29966220 PMCID: PMC6070860 DOI: 10.3390/nano8070479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Efficiency of nanocomposite zinc oxide-chitosan antimicrobial polyethylene packaging films for the preservation of quality of vegetables was studied using okra Abelmoschus esculentus. Low density polyethylene films (LDPE) coated with chitosan-ZnO nanocomposites were used for packaging of okra samples stored at room temperature (25 °C). Compared to the control sample (no coating), the total bacterial concentrations in the case of chitosan and nanocomposite coatings were reduced by 53% and 63%, respectively. The nanocomposite coating showed a 2-fold reduction in total fungal concentrations in comparison to the chitosan treated samples. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the nanocomposite coatings for the reduction of fungal and bacterial growth in the okra samples after 12 storage days. The nanocomposite coatings did not affect the quality attributes of the okra, such as pH, total soluble solids, moisture content, and weight loss. This work demonstrates that the chitosan-ZnO nanocomposite coatings not only maintains the quality of the packed okra but also retards microbial and fungal growth. Thus, chitosan-ZnO nanocomposite coating can be used as a potential coating material for active food packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Al-Naamani
- Department of Marine Science and Fisheries, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, Al-Khoud, 123 Muscat, Oman.
- Ministry of Municipalities and Water Resources, 112 Muscat, Oman.
| | - Joydeep Dutta
- Functional Materials, Applied Physics Department, SCI School, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Kista, SE-164 40 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sergey Dobretsov
- Department of Marine Science and Fisheries, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, Al-Khoud, 123 Muscat, Oman.
- Center of Excellence in Marine Biotechnology, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 50, Al-Khoud, 123 Muscat, Oman.
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10
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Romanazzi G, Feliziani E, Baños SB, Sivakumar D. Shelf life extension of fresh fruit and vegetables by chitosan treatment. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:579-601. [PMID: 26047630 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.900474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Among alternatives that are currently under investigation to replace the use of synthetic fungicides to control postharvest diseases in fresh produce and to extend their shelf life, chitosan application has shown promising disease control, at both preharvest and postharvest stages. Chitosan shows a dual mode of action, on the pathogen and on the plant, as it reduces the growth of decay-causing fungi and foodborne pathogens and induces resistance responses in the host tissues. Chitosan coating forms a semipermeable film on the surface of fruit and vegetables, thereby delaying the rate of respiration, decreasing weight loss, maintaining the overall quality, and prolonging the shelf life. Moreover, the coating can provide a substrate for incorporation of other functional food additives, such as minerals, vitamins, or other drugs or nutraceutical compounds that can be used to enhance the beneficial properties of fresh commodities, or in some cases the antimicrobial activity of chitosan. Chitosan coating has been approved as GRAS substance by USFDA, and its application is safe for the consumer and the environment. This review summarizes the most relevant and recent knowledge in the application of chitosan in postharvest disease control and maintenance of overall fruit and vegetable quality during postharvest storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Romanazzi
- a Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences , Marche Polytechnic University , Ancona , Italy
| | - Erica Feliziani
- a Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences , Marche Polytechnic University , Ancona , Italy
| | - Silvia Bautista Baños
- b Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos , Instituto Politécnico Nacional Carr, San Isidro Yautepec Morelos , Mexico
| | - Dharini Sivakumar
- c Department of Crop Sciences , Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria West , Pretoria , South Africa
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11
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Gomba A, Chidamba L, Korsten L. Effect of postharvest practices including degreening on citrus carpoplane microbial biomes. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 122:1057-1070. [PMID: 28052466 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effect of commercial citrus packhouse processing steps on the fruit surface microbiome of Clementines and Palmer navel oranges. METHODS AND RESULTS Viable bacteria, yeast and fungi counts, and the pyrosequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA and ITS were used to evaluate the community structure and population dynamics of phylloepiphytic bacteria and fungi associated with commercial postharvest processing. Drenching significantly reduced microbial counts in all cases except for yeasts on navels, while the extent of degreening effects varied between the citrus varieties. Pyrosequencing analysis showed a total of 4409 bacteria and 5792 fungi nonchimeric unique sequences with an average of 1102 bacteria and 1448 fungi reads per sample. Dominant phyla on the citrus carpoplane were Proteobacteria (53·5%), Actinobacteria (19·9%), Bacteroidetes (5·6%) and Deinococcus-Thermus (5·4%) for bacteria and Ascomycota (80·5%) and Basidiomycota (9·8%) for fungi. Beginning with freshly harvested fruit fungal diversity declined significantly after drenching, but had little effect on bacteria and populations recovered during degreening treatments, including those for Penicillium sp. CONCLUSION Packhouse processing greatly influences microbial communities on the citrus carpoplane. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY A broad orange biome was described with pyrosequencing and gave insight into the likely survival and persistence of pathogens, especially as they may affect the quality and safety of the packed product. A close examination of the microbiota of fruit and the impact of intervention strategies on the ecological balance may provide a more durable approach to reduce losses and spoilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gomba
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - L Chidamba
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - L Korsten
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
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12
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Design, synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 6-N-substituted chitosan derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4548-4551. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Yan F, Hu H, Lu L, Zheng X. Rhamnolipids induce oxidative stress responses in cherry tomato fruit to Alternaria alternata. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2016; 72:1500-7. [PMID: 26506951 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhamnolipids showed an antimicrobial activity applicable to a variety of pathogenic microorganisms, but mechanisms were mostly focused on their direct inhibitory effect. RESULTS This study showed that disease incidence obviously decreased when cherry tomatoes were treated with rhamnolipids, whether before or after Alternaria alternata inoculation. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase and catalase, were increased in rhamnolipid-pretreated cherry tomato inoculated with A. alternata within 12 h, while contents of reactive oxygen species decreased. Moreover, resistant response of cherry tomato treated with rhamnolipids and A. alternata was also attributed to activity stimulation of ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase, accompanied with an increase in reduced glutathione, which is beneficial for scavenging excessive H2 O2 . CONCLUSION Results indicated that rhamnolipids could effectively reduce fungal disease of harvested cherry tomato by inducing fruit resistance and mechanisms involved in elicitation of antioxidative reactions such as the ability to scavenge excess reactive oxygen species. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujie Yan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Laifeng Lu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Darolt JC, Rocha Neto ACD, Di Piero RM. Effects of the protective, curative, and eradicative applications of chitosan against Penicillium expansum in apples. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 47:1014-1019. [PMID: 27515465 PMCID: PMC5052366 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Apple is one of the most important temperate fruit to Brazil economy, and the use of synthetic chemicals has been the main method for reducing postharvest diseases, such as the blue mold, caused by Penicillium expansum. This work intends to evaluate the practical utilization of chitosan for blue mold control. For this purpose, fruits were treated in a preventive and curative way, immersing the fruits in chitosan solution (5 or 10 mg mL−1), or adding a single drop of this solution (10 mg mL−1) directly into the injuries. The eradicative effect of the polysaccharide was also evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Chitosan did not show a curative effect against the blue mold, and its eradicative effect was only evidenced on the higher concentration (10 mg mL−1). On the other hand, preventively, without the addition of adjuvants, chitosan reduced blue mold incidence in fruits by 24% and 93%, through the immersion or the single drop methods, respectively. Thus, it was found that, for long scale utilization, some improvements in the physico-chemical properties of the chitosan are needed, since it was only capable to prevent the infection by P. expansum when directly added on the fruit injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Cecília Darolt
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | | | - Robson Marcelo Di Piero
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil.
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15
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Li B, Peng H, Tian S. Attachment Capability of Antagonistic Yeast Rhodotorula glutinis to Botrytis cinerea Contributes to Biocontrol Efficacy. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:601. [PMID: 27199931 PMCID: PMC4853683 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodotorula glutinis as an antagonism show good biocontrol performance against various post-harvest diseases in fruits. In the present study, strong attachment capability of R. glutinis to spores and hyphae of Botrytis cinerea was observed. Further analysis showed that certain protein components on the yeast cell surface played critical role during the interaction between R. glutinis and B. cinerea. The components mainly distributed at the poles of yeast cells and might contain glycosylation modification, as tunicamycin treated yeast cells lost attachment capability to B. cinerea. To investigate contributions of attachment capability of R. glutinis to its biocontrol efficacy, yeast cells were mutagenized with 3% methane-sulfonic acid ethyl ester (EMS), and a mutant CE4 with stable non-attaching phenotype was obtained. No significant difference was found on colony, cell morphology, reproductive ability, and capsule formation between the mutant and wild-type. However, there was a distinct difference in India ink positive staining patterns between the two strains. Moreover, wild-type strain of R. glutinis showed better performance on inhibiting spore germination and mycelial growth of B. cinerea than CE4 strain when yeast cells and B. cinerea were co-cultured in vitro. In biocontrol assay, both wild-type and CE4 strains showed significant biocontrol efficacy against gray mold caused by B. cinerea in apple fruit, whereas, control effect of CE4 strain was lower than that of wild-type. Our findings provided new evidences that attachment capability of R. glutinis to B. cinerea contributed to its biocontrol efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Huaimin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
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16
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Mendes LD, Bresolin JD, Assis OBG, De Britto D. AVALIAÇÃO IN VITRO DA AÇÃO DA QUITOSANA E DE SEU DERIVADO QUATERNIZADO NA INIBIÇÃO DO CRESCIMENTO DO FUNGO PENICILLIUM EXPANSUM. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE ENGENHARIA DE BIOSSISTEMAS 2016. [DOI: 10.18011/bioeng2016v10n1p116-128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Quitosana comercial de média massa molar (400.000 gmol-1) e seu derivado quaternizado hidrossolúvel N,N,N-trimetilquitosana foram avaliados em condições laboratoriais, em análises in vitro, como agentes inibidores do crescimento de Penicillium expansum. Formulações nas concentrações de 0,1; 1,0; 5,0 e 10,0 gL-1 de cada polímero foram preparadas e adicionados em meio de cultura BDA sólido e aquoso. O fungo foi isolado de frutas contaminadas, cultivado e inoculado nos meios contendo os polímeros. Análises conduzidas por medida do crescimento de colônias em meio sólido e por contagem de esporos germinados em meio liquido (em câmara de Neubauer) indicaram eficiência na redução da infestação por ambos os polímeros, porém em condições distintas. A quitosana apresentou elevada eficiência em meio líquido enquanto seu derivado foi eficaz na redução do crescimento em meio de cultura sólido, ambos em baixas concentrações (0,1 e 1,0 gL-1). Os resultados são discutidos com base nos mecanismos aceitos de ação antimicrobiana da quitosana, objetivando potenciais aplicações tópicas em frutos na condição pós-colheita.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. D. Mendes
- USP – Univ de São Paulo, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
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17
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Jeong RD, Chu EH, Shin EJ, Lee ES, Kwak YS, Park HJ. Antifungal effect of gamma irradiation and sodium dichloroisocyanurate against Penicillium expansum
on pears. Lett Appl Microbiol 2015; 61:437-45. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R.-D. Jeong
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; Jeongeup Korea
| | - E.-H. Chu
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; Jeongeup Korea
| | - E.-J. Shin
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; Jeongeup Korea
| | - E.-S. Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; Jeongeup Korea
| | - Y.-S. Kwak
- Department of Plant Medicine and Institute of Agriculture & Life Science; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju Korea
| | - H.-J. Park
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; Jeongeup Korea
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18
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Zhang H, Ge L, Chen K, Zhao L, Zhang X. Enhanced biocontrol activity of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa cultured in media containing chitosan against postharvest diseases in strawberries: possible mechanisms underlying the effect. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:4214-4224. [PMID: 24724730 DOI: 10.1021/jf500065n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa cultured in media containing chitosan on its antogonistic activity against postharvest diseases of strawberries and the possible mechanisms involved are discussed. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis were applied in the analysis of the proteins of R. mucilaginosa in response to chitosan. Compared with the application of R. mucilaginosa alone, the biocontrol efficacy of the yeast combined with 0.5% chitosan was enhanced greatly, with significant increase in chitinase activity of antagonistic yeast, polyphenoloxidase, peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activity, and with an inhibition of lipid peroxidation of strawberries. The population of R. mucilaginosa harvested from NYDB amended with chitosan at 0.5% increased rapidly in strawberry wounds compared with those harvested from NYDB without chitosan. In the cellular proteome, several differentially expressed proteins were identified, most of which were related to basic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyin Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
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19
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Yarahmadi M, Fakhar M, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Chabra A, Rahimi-Esboei B. The anti-giardial effectiveness of fungal and commercial chitosan against Giardia intestinalis cysts in vitro. J Parasit Dis 2014; 40:75-80. [PMID: 27065602 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-014-0449-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan with poly-N-acetylglucosamine sequences is a deacetylated derivative of chitin that can be found in the exoskeletons of crabs, shrimp and lobsters, the cuticles of insects and the cell walls of fungi. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of fungal chitosan (FC) prepared from the cell walls of Penicillium viridicatum and Penicillium aurantiogriseum with commercially available chitosan (CC) against Giardia intestinalis cysts in vitro. The giardia cysts were isolated using a sucrose method. Four concentrations (50, 100, 200 and 400 μg/ml) of each type of prepared chitosan were applied for 10, 30, 60 and 180 min. The viability of the cysts was checked via 0.1 % eosin staining. Our results indicate that P. viridicatum (with a 47.5 % DD) and P. aurantiogriseum (with a 47.3 % DD) at different concentrations after 180 min precipitated, respectively, 56, 69, 81 and 100 %, and 63, 75, 86 and 100 % mortality rates. CC (with a 54 % DD) showed 79, 84, 93 and 100 % mortality rates. In conclusion, both FC and CC at 400 μg/ml concentrations after 180 min of exposure showed the most potent effect against G. intestinalis cysts. Accordingly, chitosan could be suggested as a new natural nanoform agent for future research in the safe and effective treatment of Giardia infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yarahmadi
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Fakhar
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Aroona Chabra
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 18th kilometer of Khazar Abad Road, Sari, Iran
| | - Bahman Rahimi-Esboei
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Irkin R, Guldas M. Chitosan Coating of Red Table Grapes and Fresh-Cut Honey Melons to Inhibit F
usarium oxysporum
Growth. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reyhan Irkin
- Susurluk College; Balikesir University; Susurluk TR10600 Balikesir Turkey
| | - Metin Guldas
- Karacabey Vocational School; Uludag University; Bursa Turkey
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21
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Li X, Wang X, Zhao T, Gao B, Miao Y, Zhang D, Dong Y. Guided bone regeneration using chitosan-collagen membranes in dog dehiscence-type defect model. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 72:304.e1-14. [PMID: 24438600 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2013.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to compare a newly developed chitosan-collagen membrane (CCM) with a standard collagen membrane (SCM) regarding their effects on guided bone regeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS The right mandibular premolars and first molar were extracted from 12 beagle dogs. Four months later, acute buccal dehiscence-type defects (4 × 3 mm in height and width) were surgically created after implant site preparation. The defects were randomly assigned to 4 different groups: CCM-1 (weight ratio of chitosan to collagen of 40:1), CCM-2 (weight ratio of chitosan to collagen of 20:1), SCM, and vehicle control. The dogs were sacrificed after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of healing for radiographic examination, histologic observation, and histometric analysis. RESULTS The membrane-treated sites showed more bone formation than the control sites, although no statistically significant differences were found between the membrane-treated sites and the control sites for new bone-to-implant contact and new bone-filled area at any point. At 8 weeks, the new bone height for the membrane-treated sites was significantly greater statistically than that of the untreated group (P < .05). At 12 weeks, the CCM-1 group showed significantly greater new bone height (1.91 ± 0.25 mm) than the untreated group (1.20 ± 0.34 mm; P < .05). However, the CCMs did not show any statistically significant differences compared with the SCMs for any assessed parameter. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study have shown that the developed CCMs can enhance bone regeneration and could be a candidate for use in guided bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- MD Student, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinmu Wang
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral Surgery, First People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tengfei Zhao
- Resident, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital (Binjiang Branch), Hangzhou Binjiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Gao
- MD Student, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuwen Miao
- MD Student, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- MD Student, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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22
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Liu J, Sui Y, Wisniewski M, Droby S, Liu Y. Review: Utilization of antagonistic yeasts to manage postharvest fungal diseases of fruit. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 167:153-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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23
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Yu C, Zhou T, Sheng K, Zeng L, Ye C, Yu T, Zheng X. Effect of pyrimethanil on Cryptococcus laurentii, Rhodosporidium paludigenum, and Rhodotorula glutinis biocontrol of Penicillium expansum infection in pear fruit. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 164:155-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Tu Q, Chen J, Guo J. Control of Postharvest Blue Mold of Nanfeng Mandarin by Application of Strain YS-1Paenibacillus brasilensis. J Food Sci 2013; 78:M868-73. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juanhua Guo
- College of Agronomy; Jiangxi Agricultural Univ.; Nanchang; 330045; China
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25
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Britto DD, Assis OBG. Chemical, biochemical, and microbiological aspects of chitosan quaternary salt as active coating on sliced apples. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0101-20612012005000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The biocompatibility of chitosan and chitosan quaternary salt coatings was evaluated for use as edible coatings for sliced apple. Measurement of water loss, color change, and fungal growth appearance were monitored as a function of time. A significant brownish effect was observed on chitosan coated slices, varying greatly from L* = 76.5 and Hue angle = 95.9° (t = 0) to L* = 45.3 and Hue angle = 69.8° (t = 3 days), whilst for TMC coated samples the variation was considerable lower (L* = 74.1; Hue angle = 95.0°) to (L* = 67.0; Hue angle = 83.8°) within the same period. The hydrosoluble derivative N,N,N-trimethylchitosan demonstrated good antifungal activity against P. expansum although highly dependent on the polymer properties such as degree of quaternization. The most efficient formulation was that prepared from derivative having a degree of quaternization of 45%, high solubility, and high viscosity. This formulation restrained fungus spreading up to 30%, while for the control it reached almost 80% of the total assessed surfaces during 7 days of storage.
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26
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Oliveira Junior EN, Gueddari NEE, Moerschbacher BM, Franco TT. Growth rate inhibition of phytopathogenic fungi by characterized chitosans. Braz J Microbiol 2012; 43:800-9. [PMID: 24031893 PMCID: PMC3768847 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822012000200046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory effects of fifteen chitosans with different degrees of polymerization (DP) and different degrees of acetylation (FA) on the growth rates (GR) of four phytopathogenic fungi (Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum, and Rhizopus stolonifer) were examined using a 96-well microtiter plate and a microplate reader. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the chitosans ranged from 100 μg ×mL(-1) to 1,000 μg ×mL(-1) depending on the fungus tested and the DP and FA of the chitosan. The antifungal activity of the chitosans increased with decreasing FA. Chitosans with low FA and high DP showed the highest inhibitory activity against all four fungi. P. expansum and B. cinerea were relatively less susceptible while A. alternata and R. stolonifer were relatively more sensitive to the chitosan polymers. Scanning electron microscopy of fungi grown on culture media amended with chitosan revealed morphological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enio N. Oliveira Junior
- Departamento de Processos Químicos, Faculdade de Engenharia Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Nour E. El Gueddari
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Telma T. Franco
- Departamento de Processos Químicos, Faculdade de Engenharia Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
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27
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Sajomsang W, Gonil P, Saesoo S, Ovatlarnporn C. Antifungal property of quaternized chitosan and its derivatives. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 50:263-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
Recently, increasing attention has been paid to water-soluble derivatives of chitosan at its applications. The chemical characteristics and the antimicrobial properties of these salts can play significant role in pharmacological and food areas mainly as carriers for drug delivery systems and as antimicrobial packaging materials. In the current paper, a historical sequence of the main preparative methods, physical chemistry aspects, and antimicrobial activity of chitosan quaternized derivatives are presented and briefly discussed. In general, the results indicated that the quaternary derivatives had better inhibitory effects than the unmodified chitosan.
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29
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Zhang H, Li R, Liu W. Effects of chitin and its derivative chitosan on postharvest decay of fruits: a review. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:917-34. [PMID: 21541034 PMCID: PMC3083681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12020917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable economic losses to harvested fruits are caused by postharvest fungal decay during transportation and storage, which can be significantly controlled by synthetic fungicides. However, considering public concern over pesticide residues in food and the environment, there is a need for safer alternatives for the control of postharvest decay to substitute synthetic fungicides. As the second most abundant biopolymer renewable source in nature, chitin and its derivative chitosan are widely used in controlling postharvest decay of fruits. This review aims to introduce the effect of chitin and chitosan on postharvest decay in fruits and the possible modes of action involved. We found most of the actions discussed in these researches rest on physiological mechanisms. All of the mechanisms are summarized to lay the groundwork for further studies which should focus on the molecular mechanisms of chitin and chitosan in controlling postharvest decay of fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyin Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; E-Mails: (R.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Renping Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; E-Mails: (R.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Weimin Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; E-Mails: (R.L.); (W.L.)
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30
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Meng XH, Qin GZ, Tian SP. Influences of preharvest spraying Cryptococcus laurentii combined with postharvest chitosan coating on postharvest diseases and quality of table grapes in storage. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2009.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Yang L, Zhao P, Wang L, Filippus I, Meng X. Synergistic effect of oligochitosan and silicon on inhibition of Monilinia fructicola infections. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2010; 90:630-634. [PMID: 20355091 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.3860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oligochitosan has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and shows an obvious inhibitory effect on phytopathogens. In addition, as an exogenous elicitor, it can induce various defence responses, including affecting the activities of several defence-related enzymes and substances in some plants. Owing to this dual function of oligochitosan, it can be used to control postharvest diseases of fruits. Silicon, like oligochitosan, also has a dual function. In this study the synergistic effect of oligochitosan and silicon on the decay control of apple fruit was investigated. RESULTS In vitro, both oligochitosan and silicon significantly inhibited spore germination, germ tube elongation and mycelial growth of Monilinia fructicola, with higher concentrations having a greater effect. The synergistic effect of oligochitosan and silicon at half-maximal inhibitory concentration on disease control at 25 degrees C was much better than the effect of oligochitosan or silicon alone, not only in vitro but also in vivo. CONCLUSION The results showed that a combination of oligochitosan and silicon had a synergistic effect on the control of disease caused by M. fructicola in apple fruit at 25 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Yang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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32
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Wang Y, Ren X, Song X, Yu T, Lu H, Wang P, Wang J, Zheng XD. Control of postharvest decay on cherry tomatoes by marine yeast Rhodosporidium paludigenum and calcium chloride. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 109:651-656. [PMID: 20202023 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04693.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In this study, the potential of calcium chloride (CaCl(2)) application to improve the efficacy of the marine antagonist Rhodosporidium paludigenum in controlling postharvest diseases of cherry tomatoes was assessed. METHODS AND RESULTS CaCl(2) alone was found not to have any direct influence on the population growth of R. paludigenum in NYDB cultures or in cherry tomato wounds. However, the combined treatments with 1 x 10(8) cells ml(-1)R. paludigenum and CaCl(2) at the concentration from 0.5 to 2% showed high activities to reduce black rot caused by Alternaria alternata in cherry tomato wounds, significantly higher than those of R. paludigenum or CaCl(2) alone. Meanwhile, 0.5% CaCl(2) in combination with 1 x 10(8) cells ml(-1)R. paludigenum greatly inhibited the natural decay of cherry tomatoes in 21 days' storage at 25 degrees C. CONCLUSIONS The combination of R. paludigenum and CaCl(2) enhances the inhibition of black rot and natural decay of postharvest cherry tomatoes. The results from this study provide a new way to improve the efficiency of R. paludigenum in maintaining the quality of postharvest fruits and vegetables. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The marine yeast R. paludigenum combined with CaCl(2) has greatly potential use as an alternative to chemical fungicides in inhibiting postharvest decay on cherry tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - X Ren
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China., College of bioengineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - X Song
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - T Yu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - H Lu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - P Wang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - X D Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Kong Q, Shan S, Liu Q, Wang X, Yu F. Biocontrol of Aspergillus flavus on peanut kernels by use of a strain of marine Bacillus megaterium. Int J Food Microbiol 2010; 139:31-5. [PMID: 20156660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A strain of marine Bacillus megaterium isolated from the Yellow Sea of East China was evaluated for its activity in reducing postharvest decay of peanut kernels caused by Aspergillus flavus in in vitro and in vivo tests. The results showed that the concentrations of antagonist had a significant effect on biocontrol effectiveness in vivo: when the concentration of the washed bacteria cell suspension was used at 1x10(9)CFU/ml, the percentage rate of rot of peanut kernels was 31.67%+/-2.89%, which was markedly lower than that treated with water (the control) after 7days of incubation at 28 degrees C. The results also showed that unwashed cell culture of B. megaterium was as effective as the washed cell suspension, and better biocontrol was obtained when longer incubation time of B. megaterium was applied. When the incubation time of B. megaterium was 60-h, the rate of decay declined to 41.67%+/-2.89%. Furthermore, relative to the expression of 18S rRNA, the mRNA abundances of aflR gene and aflS gene in the experiment group were 0.28+/-0.03 and 0.024+/-0.005 respectively, indicating that this strain of B. megaterium could significantly reduce the biosynthesis of aflatoxins and expression of aflR gene and aflS gene (p<0.01). To the best of our knowledge, this is a first report demonstrating that the marine bacterium B. megaterium could be used as a biocontrol agent against postharvest fungal disease caused by A. flavus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Kong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
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34
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Liu HM, Guo JH, Liu P, Cheng YJ, Wang BQ, Long CA, Deng BX. Inhibitory activity of tea polyphenol and Candida ernobii against Diplodia natalensis infections. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 108:1066-1072. [PMID: 19796126 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04511.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effect of tea polyphenol (TP) and Candida ernobii alone or in combination against postharvest disease (Diplodia natalensis) in citrus fruit and to evaluate the possible mechanisms involved. METHODS AND RESULTS TP at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0% alone, or in combination with C. ernobii (1x10(6) CFU ml(-1)), showed a lower infection rate of stem-end rot. TP at the concentration of 0.5% or above significantly inhibited the spore germination of D. natalensis. TP at the concentration of 1.0% showed inhibitary ability on mycelium growth of D. natalensis. The addition of TP did not affect the growth of C. ernobii in vitro and significantly increased the population of C. ernobii in vivo. CONCLUSIONS TP exhibited an inhibitory effect against D. natalensis and improved the biocontrol efficacy of C. ernobii. It was direct because of the inhibitory effects of TP on spore germination and mycelial growth of D. natalensis in vitro and indirect because of the increased populations of C. ernobii in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The results suggested that TP alone or in combination with biocontrol agents has great potential in commercial management of postharvest diseases in fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Liu
- National Centre of Citrus Breeding, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - J H Guo
- National Centre of Citrus Breeding, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - P Liu
- National Centre of Citrus Breeding, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Y J Cheng
- National Centre of Citrus Breeding, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - B Q Wang
- National Centre of Citrus Breeding, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - C A Long
- National Centre of Citrus Breeding, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - B X Deng
- National Centre of Citrus Breeding, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Yu T, Chen J, Lu H, Zheng X. Indole-3-acetic acid improves postharvest biological control of blue mold rot of apple by Cryptococcus laurentii. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2009; 99:258-264. [PMID: 19203278 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-99-3-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cryptococcus laurentii is a well-known postharvest biocontrol yeast; however, it cannot provide satisfactory levels of decay control when used alone. Here, we evaluated the effects of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a plant growth regulator, on the biocontrol efficacy of the yeast antagonist C. laurentii against blue mold rot caused by Penicillium expansum in apple fruit. Results showed that the addition of IAA at 20 microg/ml to suspensions of C. laurentii greatly enhanced inhibition of mold rot in apple wounds compared with that observed with C. laurentii alone. The addition of IAA at 20 microg/ml or lower did not influence the population growth of C. laurentii in wounds, but adverse effects were seen on C. laurentii when the concentration of IAA was increased to 200 microg/ml or above in vitro and in vivo. P. expansum infection in apple wounds was not inhibited when the pathogen was inoculated into the fruit wounds within 2 h after application of IAA; however, infection was reduced when inoculated more than 12 h after IAA application. Treatment of wounds with IAA at 20 microg/ml 24 h before pathogen inoculation resulted in significant inhibition of P. expansum spore germination and host infection. Application of IAA at 20 microg/ml also reduced P. expansum infection when it was applied 48 h before pathogen inoculation in the intact fruit. Thus, IAA could reinforce the biocontrol efficacy of C. laurentii in inhibiting blue mold of apple fruit by induction of the natural resistance of the fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, People's Republic of China
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Screening and identification of epiphytic yeasts with potential for biological control of green mold of citrus fruits. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-008-9849-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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YU T. Effect of chitin on the antagonistic activity of Cryptococcus laurentii against Penicillium expansum in pear fruit. Int J Food Microbiol 2008; 122:44-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2007] [Revised: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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38
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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39
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Liu X, Wang J, Gou P, Mao C, Zhu ZR, Li H. In vitro inhibition of postharvest pathogens of fruit and control of gray mold of strawberry and green mold of citrus by aureobasidin A. Int J Food Microbiol 2007; 119:223-9. [PMID: 17765990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2007] [Revised: 07/13/2007] [Accepted: 07/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aureobasidin A (AbA), an antifungal cyclic depsipeptide antibiotic produced by Aureobasidium pullulans R106, has previously been shown to be effective against a wide range of fungi and protozoa. Here we report the inhibitory effects of AbA on spore germination, germ tuber elongation and hyphal growth of five pathogenic fungi including Penicillium digitatum, P. italicum, P. expansum, Botrytis cinerea and Monilinia fructicola, which are major pathogens causing postharvest diseases of a variety of fruits. AbA inhibited five pathogenic fungi by reducing conidial germination rates, delaying conidial germination initiation, restricting elongation of germ tuber and mycelium, as well as inducing abnormal alternations of morphology of germ tubes and hyphae of these fungi. The sensitivity of these fungi to AbA was pathogen species-dependent. P. digitatum was the most sensitive and M. fructicola the least. Importantly, AbA at 50 microg/ml was effective in controlling the citrus green mold and in reducing the strawberry gray mold incidence and severity, caused by P. digitatum and B. cinerea, respectively, after artificial inoculation. AbA and/or its analogs, therefore, hold promise as relatively safe and promising fungicide candidates to control postharvest decays of fruits, because AbA targets the inositol phosphorylceramide (IPC) synthase, an enzyme essential for fungi but absent from mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
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40
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Yu T, Chen J, Chen R, Huang B, Liu D, Zheng X. Biocontrol of blue and gray mold diseases of pear fruit by integration of antagonistic yeast with salicylic acid. Int J Food Microbiol 2007; 116:339-45. [PMID: 17428566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2006] [Revised: 02/14/2007] [Accepted: 02/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the biocontrol yeast Cryptococcus laurentii and salicylic acid (SA) in suppressing the blue and gray mould rots in pear fruit and to explore possible mode of action involved. Our results showed that the combined treatment of pear fruit with C. laurentii with SA at 100 microg ml(-1) resulted in a remarkably improved control of Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea infections, including the pre-inoculated P. expansum, in comparison with the application of C. laurentii or SA alone. The biocontrol yeast C. laurentii proliferated rapidly within the first 24 h of incubation in pear fruit wounds. Although SA at 100 microg ml(-1) neither affected the population growth of C. laurentii nor directly inhibited the blue mold when the inoculation concentrations of P. expansum were above 5 x 10(2) spore per ml in vivo, it induced the fruit resistance to the blue and gray mold rots when the time interval between SA treatment and pathogens inoculation was more than 48 h, being associated with a rapid and strong activation of the peroxidase activity in pear fruit. Thus we assume that SA may be regarded as a secondary defense line in a combination of C. laurentii and SA, which could reinforce the biocontrol efficacy of C. laurentii by induction of the fruit natural resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People's Republic of China
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