1
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Aziz G, Zaidi A, Sullivan DJO'. Insights from metagenome-assembled genomes on the genetic stability and safety of over-the-counter probiotic products. Curr Genet 2023; 69:213-234. [PMID: 37237157 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-023-01271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The demand for and acceptance of probiotics is determined by their quality and safety. Illumina NGS sequencing and analytics were used to examine eight marketed probiotics. Up to the species level, sequenced DNA was taxonomically identified, and relative abundances were determined using Kaiju. The genomes were constructed using GTDB and validated through PATRICK and TYGS. A FastTree 2 phylogenetic tree was constructed using several type strain sequences from relevant species. Bacteriocin and ribosomally synthesized polypeptide (RiPP) genes were discovered, and a safety check was performed to test for toxins, antibiotic resistance, and genetic drift genes. Except for two products with unclaimed species, the labeling was taxonomically correct. In three product formulations, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, and Bifidobacterium animalis exhibited two to three genomic alterations, while Streptococcus equinus was found in one. TYGS and GDTB discovered E. faecium and L. paracasei in distinctly different ways. All the bacteria tested had the genetic repertoire to tolerate GIT transit, although some exhibited antibiotic resistance, and one strain had two virulence genes. Except for Bifidobacterium strains, the others revealed a variety of bacteriocins and ribosomally synthesized polypeptides (RiPP), 92% of which were unique and non-homologous to known ones. Plasmids and mobile genetic elements are present in strains of L. reuteri (NPLps01.et_L.r and NPLps02.uf_L.r), Lactobacillus delbrueckii (NPLps01.et_L.d), Streptococcus thermophilus (NPLps06.ab_S.t), and E. faecium (NPLps07.nf_E.f). Our findings support the use of metagenomics to build better and efficient production and post-production practices for probiotic quality and safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Aziz
- National Probiotic Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Punjab, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, 45650, Islamabad (ICT), Pakistan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Microbial and Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, 1500 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Arsalan Zaidi
- National Probiotic Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Punjab, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, 45650, Islamabad (ICT), Pakistan.
| | - Daniel J O ' Sullivan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Microbial and Plant Genomics, University of Minnesota, 1500 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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2
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Promrug D, Wittayacom K, Nathapanan N, Dong HT, Thongyoo P, Unajak S, Reamtong O, Boonyuen U, Aroonnual A, Shioda T, Thirapanmethee K, Arthan D. Cocultures of Enterococcus faecium and Aeromonas veronii Induce the Secretion of Bacteriocin-like Substances against Aeromonas. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:16194-16203. [PMID: 37779478 PMCID: PMC10623555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were screened from Lutjanus russellii (red sea bass), and their antimicrobial activities were evaluated against two Aeromonas species isolated from the Nile tilapia, namely, Aeromonas veronii (AV) and Aeromonas jandaei (AJ). Three LAB isolates, Enterococcus faecium MU8 (EF_8), Enterococcus faecalis MU2 (EFL_2), and E. faecalis MU9 (EFL_9), were found to inhibit both AV and AJ; however, their cell-free supernatant (CFS) did not do so. Interestingly, bacteriocin-like substances (BLS) induced by cocultures of EF_8 with AV exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against both Aeromonas sp. The size of BLS was less than 1.0 kDa; the purified BLS were susceptible to proteinase K digestion, indicating that they are peptides. BLS contained 13 identified peptides derived from E. faecium, as determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Cocultures of Gram-positive-producing and -inducing LAB strains have been used to increase bacteriocin yields. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing inducible BLS produced by cocultures of Gram-positive-producing and Gram-negative-inducing strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusit Promrug
- Department
of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Wittayacom
- Faculty
of Allied Health Science, Burapha University, 169 Long Had Bangsaen Rd, Saen Suk,
ChonBuri District, ChonBuri 20131, Thailand
| | - Nantipan Nathapanan
- Faculty
of Allied Health Science, Burapha University, 169 Long Had Bangsaen Rd, Saen Suk,
ChonBuri District, ChonBuri 20131, Thailand
| | - Ha Thanh Dong
- Aquaculture
and Aquatic Resources Program, Department of Food, Agriculture and
Bioresources, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Khlong Nueng 12120, Thailand
| | - Panumart Thongyoo
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Phaholyothin Road, Klong Nung District, Klong
Luang, Phatum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sasimanas Unajak
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsat
University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10903, Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department
of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Usa Boonyuen
- Department
of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Amornrat Aroonnual
- Department
of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Tatsuo Shioda
- Department
of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-087, Japan
| | - Krit Thirapanmethee
- Department
of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol
University. 447 Sri-Ayuthaya, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Dumrongkiet Arthan
- Department
of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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3
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Thanaboonyawat I, Pothisan S, Petyim S, Laokirkkiat P. Pregnancy outcomes after vaginal probiotic supplementation before frozen embryo transfer: a randomized controlled study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11892. [PMID: 37482568 PMCID: PMC10363539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In women receiving assisted reproductive treatment, intrauterine lactobacilli dominance has been associated with higher rates of pregnancy achievement. This randomized controlled trial conducted in the fertility clinic of the university hospital from 7 August 2019 to May 2021, aimed to compare the clinical outcome of embryo transfer in frozen-thaw cycles with Lactobacillus supplementation prior to embryo transfer and the standard treatment. A total of 340 infertile women underwent randomization. The biochemical and clinical pregnancy rates were comparable between the groups (39.9 and 34.2% in the study group vs. 41.8 and 31.7% in the control group); however, the miscarriage rate was significantly decreased in the study group (9.5 vs. 19.1%, respectively, p = 0.02), [OR = 0.44, 95% CI (0.23, 0.86)]. Among 49 women diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis, the live birth rate in the study group was higher than the control group (42.31 vs. 26.09%, p = 0.23), [OR = 2.08, 95% CI (0.62, 6.99)]. In the blastocyst transfer group (n = 206), the live birth rate was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (35.71 vs. 22.22%, p = 0.03) [OR = 1.9, 95% CI (1.05, 3.59)]. Therefore, intravaginal lactobacilli supplementation before embryo transfer in the frozen-thaw cycle did not improve the biochemical and clinical pregnancy rate in the general population but significantly reduced the miscarriage rate.Trial Registration: TCTR20190429001 (29/04/2019) @ www.thaiclinicaltrials.org .
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Affiliation(s)
- Isarin Thanaboonyawat
- Infertility Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Siriraj, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Sootthinan Pothisan
- Infertility Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Siriraj, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Somsin Petyim
- Infertility Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Siriraj, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Pitak Laokirkkiat
- Infertility Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Siriraj, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
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4
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Selegato DM, Castro-Gamboa I. Enhancing chemical and biological diversity by co-cultivation. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1117559. [PMID: 36819067 PMCID: PMC9928954 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1117559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In natural product research, microbial metabolites have tremendous potential to provide new therapeutic agents since extremely diverse chemical structures can be found in the nearly infinite microbial population. Conventionally, these specialized metabolites are screened by single-strain cultures. However, owing to the lack of biotic and abiotic interactions in monocultures, the growth conditions are significantly different from those encountered in a natural environment and result in less diversity and the frequent re-isolation of known compounds. In the last decade, several methods have been developed to eventually understand the physiological conditions under which cryptic microbial genes are activated in an attempt to stimulate their biosynthesis and elicit the production of hitherto unexpressed chemical diversity. Among those, co-cultivation is one of the most efficient ways to induce silenced pathways, mimicking the competitive microbial environment for the production and holistic regulation of metabolites, and has become a golden methodology for metabolome expansion. It does not require previous knowledge of the signaling mechanism and genome nor any special equipment for cultivation and data interpretation. Several reviews have shown the potential of co-cultivation to produce new biologically active leads. However, only a few studies have detailed experimental, analytical, and microbiological strategies for efficiently inducing bioactive molecules by co-culture. Therefore, we reviewed studies applying co-culture to induce secondary metabolite pathways to provide insights into experimental variables compatible with high-throughput analytical procedures. Mixed-fermentation publications from 1978 to 2022 were assessed regarding types of co-culture set-ups, metabolic induction, and interaction effects.
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Qian X, Tian P, Zhao J, Zhang H, Wang G, Chen W. Quorum Sensing of Lactic Acid Bacteria: Progress and Insights. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2062766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peijun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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6
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Ren Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Gao D, Sun Y, Ping W, Ge J. Bacteriocin production and inhibition of Bacillus subtilis by Lactobacillus paracasei HD1.7 in an indirect coculture system. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:783-788. [PMID: 34694193 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1995412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide named Paracin 1.7 was produced by Lactobacillus paracasei HD1.7, which was isolated from Chinese sauerkraut juice. In this study, the influence of cocultivation on the communication mechanism of L. paracasei HD1.7 and Bacillus subtilis was investigated. The two bacterial strains were grown in monoculture and indirect coculture, and the growth of both bacteria and bacteriocin production as well as the transcriptional level of luxS in L. paracasei HD1.7 and spo0A in B. subtilis were monitored. Bacteriocin production and cell numbers were increased significantly when L. paracasei HD1.7 cells were indirectly cocultured with B. subtilis, and bacteriocin-producing L. paracasei HD1.7 can prevent the growth and sporulation of B. subtilis. After indirect coculture with B. subtilis, the expression of luxS in L. paracasei HD1.7 increased in the exponential growth phase and decreased in the stationary phase compared to monoculture. The expression of spo0A in B. subtilis dropped in the indirect coculture compared to the monoculture. It indicate that the upregulation of luxS is due to a response to a secreted compound produced by B. subtilis. The results show L. paracasei HD1.7 has an amensalism on B. subtilis, while B. subtilis has a commensalism on L. paracasei HD1.7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Ren
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinglin Li
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Dongni Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanyang Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenxiang Ping
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingping Ge
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
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7
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The Influence of Environmental Conditions on the Antagonistic Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Fermented Meat Products. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102267. [PMID: 34681316 PMCID: PMC8534964 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of environmental conditions on the antimicrobial properties of 21 lactic acid bacteria strains in the selected indicator bacteria. To assess the antimicrobial activity of the whole bacteria culture (WBC), the agar well diffusion method was used. The interference of LAB strains with the growth of the selected indicator bacteria was evaluated by incubating co-cultures in the food matrix. Based on the conducted research, it was found that environmental conditions have a significant impact on the antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria strains. The highest antimicrobial activity was recorded under optimal conditions for the development of LAB, the incubation time being different depending on the indicator strain used. The tested LAB strains were characterized by a high ability to inhibit indicator strains, especially in the food matrix. These results led us to further characterize and purify the antimicrobial compound produced by lactic acid bacteria taking into account changing environmental conditions.
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8
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Okolo CC, Nweze NE, Eze IJ. Hematobiochemical and Immunological Responses of Rats Treated with Multi-strain Probiotics and Infected with Trypanosoma brucei. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:952-960. [PMID: 31617160 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09592-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The effects of treatment with probiotics on the immunological and hematobiochemical changes in Trypanosoma brucei infection were investigated. Probiotic strains used are Bifidobacterium BB-12, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5, Lactobacillus delbrueckii LBY-27, Lactobacillus paracasei LC-01, and Streptococcus thermophilus STY-31. Thirty rats randomly assigned to five groups were used in the experiment. Groups A to C received 1 × 109 CFU, 5 × 109 CFU, and 10 × 109 CFU of the multi-strain probiotics daily and respectively from day 0 post-supplementation (PS) to termination. Group D and E were the infected and uninfected controls respectively. On day seven PS, groups A to D were challenged intraperitoneally with approximately 1 × 106 trypanosomes. Parasitemia, nitric oxide level, hematobiochemical parameters, and antibody titer to heterologous antigen stimulation were monitored post-infection. By days 7 and 16 PS, probiotics-treated groups had significantly lower (p < 0.05) mean creatinine concentration than the controls; however, on day 7 PS, there were no significant variations in the leukocyte counts (LC), total erythrocyte counts (TEC), and the packed cell volume (PCV) in all experimental groups. Following infection, by day 16 PS, the pre-patent period, parasitemia levels, and antibody titer were similar in all infected groups. Furthermore, the probiotics-treated groups and the infected control had significantly lower PCV, TEC, and LC values when compared to the uninfected control, and probiotics treated groups (A and C) had only marginally lower nitric oxide levels than the infected control. Treatment with the probiotic strains gave a creatinine-lowering effect, was innocuous to the hematopoietic system, but was not sufficiently immunostimulatory in trypanosomosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ifeanyi James Eze
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, 410001, Nigeria
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9
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Ishikawa KH, Bueno MR, Kawamoto D, Simionato MRL, Mayer MPA. Lactobacilli postbiotics reduce biofilm formation and alter transcription of virulence genes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Mol Oral Microbiol 2021; 36:92-102. [PMID: 33372378 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is characterized by a dysbiotic microbial community and treatment strategies include the reestablishment of symbiosis by reducing pathogens abundance. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) is frequently associated with rapidly progressing periodontitis. Since the oral ecosystem may be affected by metabolic end-products of bacteria, we evaluated the effect of soluble compounds released by probiotic lactobacilli, known as postbiotics, on Aa biofilm and expression of virulence-associated genes. Cell-free pH-neutralized supernatants (CFS) of Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lr32, L. rhamnosus HN001, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5, and L. acidophilus NCFM were tested against a fimbriated clinical isolate of Aa JP2 genotype (1 × 107 CFU/well) on biofilm formation for 24 hr, and early and mature preformed biofilms (2 and 24 hr). Lactobacilli CFS partially reduced Aa viable counts and biofilms biomass, but did not affect the number of viable non-adherent bacteria, except for LA5 CFS. Furthermore, LA5 CFS and, in a lesser extent HN001 CFS, influenced Aa preformed biofilms. Lactobacilli postbiotics altered expression profile of Aa in a strain-specific fashion. Transcription of cytolethal distending toxin (cdtB) and leukotoxin (ltxA) was downregulated by CFS of LA5 and LR32 CFS. Although all probiotics produced detectable peroxide, transcription of katA was downregulated by lactobacilli CFS. Transcription of dspB was abrogated by LR32 and NCFM CFS, but increased by HN001, whereas expression of pgA was not affected by any postbiotic. Our data indicated the potential of postbiotics from lactobacilli, especially LA5, to reduce colonization levels of Aa and to modulate the expression of virulence factors implicated in evasion of host defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin H Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manuela R Bueno
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dione Kawamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria R L Simionato
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia P A Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Dean SN, Rimmer MA, Turner KB, Phillips DA, Caruana JC, Hervey WJ, Leary DH, Walper SA. Lactobacillus acidophilus Membrane Vesicles as a Vehicle of Bacteriocin Delivery. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:710. [PMID: 32425905 PMCID: PMC7203471 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports have shown that Gram-positive bacteria actively secrete spherical nanometer-sized proteoliposome membrane vesicles (MVs) into their surroundings. Though MVs are implicated in a broad range of biological functions, few studies have been conducted to examine their potential as delivery vehicles of antimicrobials. Here, we investigate the natural ability of Lactobacillus acidophilus MVs to carry and deliver bacteriocin peptides to the opportunistic pathogen, Lactobacillus delbrueckii. We demonstrate that upon treatment with lactacin B-inducing peptide, the proteome of the secreted MVs is enriched in putative bacteriocins encoded by the lab operon. Further, we show that purified MVs inhibit growth and compromise membrane integrity in L. delbrueckii, which is confirmed by confocal microscopy imaging and spectrophotometry. These results show that L. acidophilus MVs serve as conduits for antimicrobials to competing cells in the environment, suggesting a potential role for MVs in complex communities such as the gut microbiome. With the potential for controlling their payload through microbial engineering, MVs produced by L. acidophilus may be an interesting platform for effecting change in complex microbial communities or aiding in the development of new biomedical therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott N. Dean
- National Research Council Associate, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Kendrick B. Turner
- US Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering (Code 6900), Washington, DC, United States
| | - Daniel A. Phillips
- American Society for Engineering Education Associate, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Julie C. Caruana
- American Society for Engineering Education Associate, Washington, DC, United States
| | - William Judson Hervey
- US Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering (Code 6900), Washington, DC, United States
| | - Dagmar H. Leary
- US Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering (Code 6900), Washington, DC, United States
| | - Scott A. Walper
- US Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering (Code 6900), Washington, DC, United States
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11
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Choyam S, Srivastava AK, Shin JH, Kammara R. Ocins for Food Safety. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1736. [PMID: 31428063 PMCID: PMC6687839 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The food industry produces highly perishable products. Food spoilage represents a severe problem for food manufacturers. Therefore, it is important to identify effective preservation solutions to prevent food spoilage. Ocins (e.g., bacteriocins, lactocins, and enterocins) are antibacterial proteins synthesized by bacteria that destroy or suppress the growth of related or unrelated bacterial strains. Ocins represent a promising strategy for food preservation, because of their antagonist effects toward food spoilage microorganisms, high potency, and low toxicity. Additionally, they can be bioengineered. The most common and commercially available ocins are nisin, plantaracin, sakacin P, and pediocin. Several ocins have been characterized and studied biochemically and genetically; however, their structure-function relationship, biosynthesis, and mechanism of action are not understood. This narrative review focuses primarily on ocins and their relevance to the food industry to help prevent food spoilage. In particular, the applications and limitations of ocins in the food industry are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilja Choyam
- Affiliated to AcSIR for Ph.D. Thesis, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysuru, India
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysuru, India
| | | | - Jae-Ho Shin
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Rajagopal Kammara
- Affiliated to AcSIR for Ph.D. Thesis, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysuru, India
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysuru, India
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12
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Translating Recent Microbiome Insights in Otitis Media into Probiotic Strategies. Clin Microbiol Rev 2019; 32:32/4/e00010-18. [PMID: 31270125 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00010-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota of the upper respiratory tract (URT) protects the host from bacterial pathogenic colonization by competing for adherence to epithelial cells and by immune response regulation that includes the activation of antimicrobial and (anti-)inflammatory components. However, environmental or host factors can modify the microbiota to an unstable community that predisposes the host to infection or inflammation. One of the URT diseases most often encountered in children is otitis media (OM). The role of pathogenic bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis in the pathogenesis of OM is well documented. Results from next-generation-sequencing (NGS) studies reveal other bacterial taxa involved in OM, such as Turicella and Alloiococcus Such studies can also identify bacterial taxa that are potentially protective against URT infections, whose beneficial action needs to be substantiated in relevant experimental models and clinical trials. Of note, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are members of the URT microbiota and associated with a URT ecosystem that is deemed healthy, based on NGS and some experimental and clinical studies. These observations have formed the basis of this review, in which we describe the current knowledge of the molecular and clinical potential of LAB in the URT, which is currently underexplored in microbiome and probiotic research.
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Dean SN, Leary DH, Sullivan CJ, Oh E, Walper SA. Isolation and characterization of Lactobacillus-derived membrane vesicles. Sci Rep 2019; 9:877. [PMID: 30696852 PMCID: PMC6351534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37120-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial membrane vesicles have been implicated in a broad range of functions in microbial communities from pathogenesis to gene transfer. Though first thought to be a phenomenon associated with Gram-negative bacteria, vesicle production in Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and other Gram-positives has recently been described. Given that many Lactobacillus species are Generally Regarded as Safe and often employed as probiotics, the engineering of Lactobacillus membrane vesicles presents a new avenue for the development of therapeutics and vaccines. Here we characterize and compare the membrane vesicles (MVs) from three different Lactobacillus species (L. acidophilus ATCC 53544, L. casei ATCC 393, and L. reuteri ATCC 23272), with the aim of developing future strategies for vesicle engineering. We characterize the vesicles from each Lactobacillus species comparing the physiochemical properties and protein composition of each. More than 80 protein components from Lactobacillus-derived MVs were identified, including some that were enriched in the vesicles themselves suggesting vesicles as a vehicle for antimicrobial delivery. Additionally, for each species vesicular proteins were categorized based on biological pathway and examined for subcellular localization signals in an effort to identify possible sorting mechanisms for MV proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott N Dean
- National Research Council Associate, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dagmar H Leary
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering (Code 6900), US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Claretta J Sullivan
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, USA
| | - Eunkeu Oh
- Sotera Defense Solutions, Inc, Columbia, MD, USA
| | - Scott A Walper
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering (Code 6900), US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA.
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Koohestani M, Moradi M, Tajik H, Badali A. Effects of cell-free supernatant of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 and Lactobacillus casei 431 against planktonic form and biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2018; 9:301-306. [PMID: 30713607 PMCID: PMC6346487 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2018.33086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the stability, antibacterial properties and biofilm removal potential of cell-free supernatant (CFS) of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 and Lactobacillus casei 431 against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Antibacterial activity of both Lactobacillus strains was measured according to the agar spot method. The CFS was prepared by centrifugation of bacterial suspension at 4000 g for 10 min and the antimicrobial activity was measured using agar-well diffusion. The stability of CFSs during storage at 4.00 ± 2.00 °C and 25.00 ± 2.00 °C for a period of 4 weeks was measured based on the method of broth micro-dilution assay. Moreover, biofilm removal potential of CFS on 2-days-old biofilm of S. aureus developed on polystyrene and glass surfaces was also determined. The efficacy of CFS on bacterial biofilm established on the glass surface was also observed using fluorescence microscope. Results showed that inhibition zones of L. acidophilus (50.26 mm) were greater than L. casei (37.06 mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration of both CFSs remained stable (40 mg mL-1) during the storage for 28 days at 4.00 and 25.00 °C and storage temperature did not affect the antibacterial effectiveness of CFS. The addition of both CFSs significantly removed biofilm developed on both tested surfaces in a concentration-dependent manner. Biofilm removal property of L. acidophilus CFS was generally better than L. casei CFS which was confirmed by fluorescence microscope. The application of CFS of probiotic strains (i.e. Lactobacillus) as antibacterial and biofilm removal compounds could be very suitable to control the growth of food-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobin Koohestani
- DVM Graduated student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mehran Moradi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hossein Tajik
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Armen Badali
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Gutiérrez-Cortés C, Suarez H, Buitrago G, Nero LA, Todorov SD. Enhanced Bacteriocin Production by Pediococcus pentosaceus 147 in Co-culture With Lactobacillus plantarum LE27 on Cheese Whey Broth. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2952. [PMID: 30559735 PMCID: PMC6286998 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of bacteriocins by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has been of wide interest in the food industry due to their potential application in biopreservation. The production of bacteriocins is usually low in single strain fermentation, but can improve when the bacteriocinogenic strain is cultured in association with another bacteria. The present work aims to evaluate the growth and production of bacteriocins by Pediococcus pentosaceus 147 (bacteriocinogenic strain) in co-culture with Lactobacillus plantarum LE27 (inducer strain) using a culture medium based on cheese whey (CW). Strains were inoculated in co-culture in a CW broth at 7.24 Log CFU/mL of initial concentration of P. pentosaceus 147 and incubated at 37°C. Bacteriocin production was measured after 24 h by the critical dilution method, biomass was measured by plating on MRS agar (1% aniline blue), and a mono-culture was used as a control. The titers of bacteriocins produced by P. pentosaceus 147 in mono-culture were 19,200 AU/mL lower than those obtained in co-culture with Lb. plantarum LE27 at 51,200 AU/mL. The effect of adding the inducer strain at different times of incubation (3, 6, 9, and 12 h) was evaluated, with the addition of the induction factor at the beginning of the incubation of P. pentosaceus 147 generating the highest bacteriocin activity. This study shows the potential of inducing bacteriocinogenesis using co-cultures of strains of the genera Pediococcus and Lactobacillus and using alternative substrates such as cheese whey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gutiérrez-Cortés
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Héctor Suarez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gustavo Buitrago
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis Augusto Nero
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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Hegarty JW, Guinane CM, Ross RP, Hill C, Cotter PD. Lack of Heterogeneity in Bacteriocin Production Across a Selection of Commercial Probiotic Products. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2017; 9:459-465. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9326-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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17
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Jiang LL, Zhou JJ, Quan CS, Xiu ZL. Advances in industrial microbiome based on microbial consortium for biorefinery. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2017; 4:11. [PMID: 28251041 PMCID: PMC5306255 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-017-0141-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the important targets of industrial biotechnology is using cheap biomass resources. The traditional strategy is microbial fermentations with single strain. However, cheap biomass normally contains so complex compositions and impurities that it is very difficult for single microorganism to utilize availably. In order to completely utilize the substrates and produce multiple products in one process, industrial microbiome based on microbial consortium draws more and more attention. In this review, we first briefly described some examples of existing industrial bioprocesses involving microbial consortia. Comparison of 1,3-propanediol production by mixed and pure cultures were then introduced, and interaction relationships between cells in microbial consortium were summarized. Finally, the outlook on how to design and apply microbial consortium in the future was also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Jiang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024 Liaoning Province China
| | - Jin-Jie Zhou
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024 Liaoning Province China
| | - Chun-Shan Quan
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Liaohe West Road 18, Jinzhou New District, Dalian, 116600 Liaoning Province China
| | - Zhi-Long Xiu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024 Liaoning Province China
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Schwendicke F, Korte F, Dörfer CE, Kneist S, Fawzy El-Sayed K, Paris S. Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans Growth and Biofilm Formation by Probiotics in vitro. Caries Res 2017; 51:87-95. [DOI: 10.1159/000452960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To exert anticaries effects, probiotics are described to inhibit growth and biofilm formation of cariogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans (SM). We screened 8 probiotics and assessed how SM growth or biofilm formation inhibition affects cariogenicity of probiotic-SM mixed-species biofilms in vitro. Growth inhibition was assessed by cocultivating probiotics and 2 SM strains (ATCC 20532/25175) on agar. Probiotics were either precultured before SM cultivation (exclusion), or SM precultured prior to probiotic cultivation (displacement). Inhibition of SM culture growth was assessed visually. Inhibition of SM biofilm formation on bovine enamel was assessed using a continuous-flow short-term biofilm model, again in exclusion or displacement mode. The cariogenicity of mixed-species biofilms of SM with the most promising growth and biofilm formation inhibiting probiotic strains was assessed using an artificial mouth model, and enamel mineral loss (ΔZ) was measured microradiographically. We found limited differences in SM growth inhibition in exclusion versus displacement mode, and in inhibition of SM 20532 versus 25175. Results were therefore pooled. Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 inhibited significantly more SM culture growth than most other probiotics. L. casei LC-11 inhibited SM biofilm formation similarly to other alternatives but showed the highest retention of probiotics in the biofilms (p < 0.05). Mineral loss from SM monospecies biofilms (ΔZ = 9,772, 25th/75th percentiles: 6,277/13,558 vol% × µm) was significantly lower than from mixed-species SM × LA-5 biofilms (ΔZ = 24,578, 25th/75th percentiles: 19,081/28,768 vol% × µm; p < 0.01) but significantly higher than from SM × LC-11 biofilms (ΔZ = 4,835, 25th/75th percentiles: 263/7,865 vol% × µm; p < 0.05). Probiotics inhibiting SM culture growth do not necessarily reduce the cariogenicity of SM-probiotic biofilms. Nevertheless, SM biofilm formation inhibition may be relevant in the reduction of cariogenicity.
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Monedero V, Revilla-Guarinos A, Zúñiga M. Physiological Role of Two-Component Signal Transduction Systems in Food-Associated Lactic Acid Bacteria. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2017; 99:1-51. [PMID: 28438266 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Two-component systems (TCSs) are widespread signal transduction pathways mainly found in bacteria where they play a major role in adaptation to changing environmental conditions. TCSs generally consist of sensor histidine kinases that autophosphorylate in response to a specific stimulus and subsequently transfer the phosphate group to their cognate response regulators thus modulating their activity, usually as transcriptional regulators. In this review we present the current knowledge on the physiological role of TCSs in species of the families Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae of the group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). LAB are microorganisms of great relevance for health and food production as the group spans from starter organisms to pathogens. Whereas the role of TCSs in pathogenic LAB (most of them belonging to the family Streptococcaceae) has focused the attention, the roles of TCSs in commensal LAB, such as most species of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae, have been somewhat neglected. However, evidence available indicates that TCSs are key players in the regulation of the physiology of these bacteria. The first studies in food-associated LAB showed the involvement of some TCSs in quorum sensing and production of bacteriocins, but subsequent studies have shown that TCSs participate in other physiological processes, such as stress response, regulation of nitrogen metabolism, regulation of malate metabolism, and resistance to antimicrobial peptides, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Monedero
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Paterna, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Zúñiga
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Paterna, Spain
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20
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Hegarty JW, Guinane CM, Ross RP, Hill C, Cotter PD. Bacteriocin production: a relatively unharnessed probiotic trait? F1000Res 2016; 5:2587. [PMID: 27853525 PMCID: PMC5089130 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.9615.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are “live microorganisms which, when consumed in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit to the host”. A number of attributes are highly sought after among these microorganisms, including immunomodulation, epithelial barrier maintenance, competitive exclusion, production of short-chain fatty acids, and bile salt metabolism. Bacteriocin production is also generally regarded as a probiotic trait, but it can be argued that, in contrast to other traits, it is often considered a feature that is desirable, rather than a key probiotic trait. As such, the true potential of these antimicrobials has yet to be realised.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Hegarty
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - R Paul Ross
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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21
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Chanos P, Mygind T. Co-culture-inducible bacteriocin production in lactic acid bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:4297-308. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7486-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Maldonado-Barragán A, Caballero-Guerrero B, Martín V, Ruiz-Barba JL, Rodríguez JM. Purification and genetic characterization of gassericin E, a novel co-culture inducible bacteriocin from Lactobacillus gasseri EV1461 isolated from the vagina of a healthy woman. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:37. [PMID: 26969428 PMCID: PMC4788914 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0663-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactobacillus gasseri is one of the dominant Lactobacillus species in the vaginal ecosystem. Some strains of this species have a high potential for being used as probiotics in order to maintain vaginal homeostasis, since they may confer colonization resistance against pathogens in the vagina by direct inhibition through production of antimicrobial compounds, as bacteriocins. In this work we have studied bacteriocin production of gassericin E (GasE), a novel bacteriocin produced by L. gasseri EV1461, a strain isolated from the vagina of a healthy woman, and whose production was shown to be promoted by the presence of certain specific bacteria in co-culture. Biochemical and genetic characterization of this novel bacteriocin are addressed. RESULTS We found that the inhibitory spectrum of L. gasseri EV1461 was broad, being directed to species both related and non-related to the producing strain. Interestingly, L. gasseri EV1461 inhibited the grown of pathogens usually associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV). The antimicrobial activity was due to the production of a novel bacteriocin, gassericin E (GasE). Production of this bacteriocin in broth medium only was achieved at high cell densities. At low cell densities, bacteriocin production ceased and only was restored after the addition of a supernatant from a previous bacteriocin-producing EV1461 culture (autoinduction), or through co-cultivation with several other Gram-positive strains (inducing bacteria). DNA sequence of the GasE locus revealed the presence of two putative operons which could be involved in biosynthesis and immunity of this bacteriocin (gaeAXI), and in regulation, transport and processing (gaePKRTC). The gaePKR encodes a putative three-component regulatory system, involving an autoinducer peptide (GaeP), a histidine protein kinase (GaeK) and a response regulator (GaeR), while the gaeTC encodes for an ABC transporter (GaeT) and their accessory protein (GaeC), involved in transport and processing of the bacteriocin. The gaeAXI, encodes for the bacteriocin gassericin E (GasE), a putative peptide bacteriocin (GaeX), and their immunity protein (GaeI). CONCLUSIONS The origin of the strain (vagina of healthy woman) and its ability to produce bacteriocins with inhibitory activity against vaginal pathogens may be an advantage for using L. gasseri EV1461 as a probiotic strain to fight and/or prevent bacterial infections as bacterial vaginosis (BV), since it could be better adapted to live and compete into the vaginal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Maldonado-Barragán
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain. .,Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Present address: Department of Food Biotechnology, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46. Carretera de Utrera, Km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain.
| | - Belén Caballero-Guerrero
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Virginia Martín
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Ruiz-Barba
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Zadernowska A, Chajęcka-Wierzchowska W, Ogryzek MP. Growth potential of Yersinia enterocolitica in blue cheese and in blue cheese with probiotic -Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5®. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1873-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Rul F, Monnet V. How microbes communicate in food: a review of signaling molecules and their impact on food quality. Curr Opin Food Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Mohedano ML, García-Cayuela T, Pérez-Ramos A, Gaiser RA, Requena T, López P. Construction and validation of a mCherry protein vector for promoter analysis in Lactobacillus acidophilus. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 42:247-53. [PMID: 25533634 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1567-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacilli are widespread in natural environments and are increasingly being investigated as potential health modulators. In this study, we have adapted the broad-host-range vector pNZ8048 to express the mCherry protein (pRCR) to expand the usage of the mCherry protein for analysis of gene expression in Lactobacillus. This vector is also able to replicate in Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. The usage of pRCR as a promoter probe was validated in Lactobacillus acidophilus by characterizing the regulation of lactacin B expression. The results show that the regulation is exerted at the transcriptional level, with lbaB gene expression being specifically induced by co-culture of the L. acidophilus bacteriocin producer and the S. thermophilus STY-31 inducer bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luz Mohedano
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular y Biología de las Infecciones, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Zheng J, Gänzle MG, Lin XB, Ruan L, Sun M. Diversity and dynamics of bacteriocins from human microbiome. Environ Microbiol 2014; 17:2133-43. [PMID: 25346017 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human commensal microbiota are an important determinant of health and disease of the host. Different human body sites harbour different bacterial microbiota, bacterial communities that maintain a stable balance. However, many of the factors influencing the stabilities of bacterial communities associated with humans remain unknown. In this study, we identified putative bacteriocins produced by human commensal microbiota. Bacteriocins are peptides or proteins with antimicrobial activity that contribute to the stability and dynamics of microbial communities. We employed bioinformatic analyses to identify putative bacteriocin sequences in metagenomic sequences obtained from different human body sites. Prevailing bacterial taxa of the putative bacteriocins producers matched the most abundant organisms in each human body site. Remarkably, we found that samples from different body sites contain different density of putative bacteriocin genes, with the highest in samples from the vagina, the airway, and the oral cavity and the lowest in those from gut. Inherent differences of different body sites thus influence the density and types of bacteriocins produced by commensal bacteria. Our results suggest that bacteriocins play important roles to allow different bacteria to occupy several human body sites, and to establish a long-term commensal relationship with human hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Michael G Gänzle
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, Canada.,School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Xiaoxi B Lin
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Lifang Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Tabasco R, Fernández de Palencia P, Fontecha J, Peláez C, Requena T. Competition mechanisms of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria: Fermentative metabolism and colonization. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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28
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Probiotics and prebiotics in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: New opportunities for translational research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:35-46. [PMID: 24594006 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in premature infants has been recognized as a defined disease entity for at least four decades. Although survival has increased due to the advent of more sophisticated intensive care, incidence and long term health impacts due to NEC remain unchanged and no preventive therapy is currently available. Different probiotic strains of bacteria have been examined in their ability to prevent NEC with varied but encouraging results. Undigestable prebiotic sugars known to promote the growth of probiotic bacteria in the colon have been used in neonates with no clear benefit. The literature on NEC and probiotics is now cluttered with more reviews and meta-analyses than number of clinical trials. On the other hand, significant new information is available on microbiota and their impact on gut immunity. This review attempts to reiterate the risk factors of NEC and the pathogenesis of NEC with special reference to gut permeability. The reader is then introduced to gut microbiota, uniqueness and differences among probiotic strains, and how multiple resident flora talk to each other in the community setting in the human gut. After presenting a concise review of available clinical research results, the reader is challenged to question as to why no precise answer is available at present. Some modalities to examine the complex microflora and changes in the neonatal gut are then proposed including non-invasive methods and mathematical modeling. The review concludes by attracting the reader's attention to known immunomodulators of inflammation and injury. Justice to this review will be done only if the readers, clinical, and basic science investigators from multiple fields gather courage for a paradigm shift and embark on understanding the pathophysiology of the disease and attempt to discern the difference from equally preterm, equally vulnerable neonates that do not develop NEC. Learning about the developing microbiota in neonatal gut and its immunological impacts on the host in the face of many variables will provide a leap in our pursuit to select better, if not the best candidate probiotics, and put them to work against this stubborn disease that continues to take a toll on our precious neonates and the society.
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Bull M, Plummer S, Marchesi J, Mahenthiralingam E. The life history ofLactobacillus acidophilusas a probiotic: a tale of revisionary taxonomy, misidentification and commercial success. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2013; 349:77-87. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bull
- Organisms and Environment Division; Cardiff School of Biosciences; Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
| | | | - Julian Marchesi
- Organisms and Environment Division; Cardiff School of Biosciences; Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology; St Mary's Hospital; Imperial College London; London UK
| | - Eshwar Mahenthiralingam
- Organisms and Environment Division; Cardiff School of Biosciences; Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
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30
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Domínguez-Manzano J, Jiménez-Díaz R. Suppression of bacteriocin production in mixed-species cultures of lactic acid bacteria. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Maldonado-Barragán A, Caballero-Guerrero B, Lucena-Padrós H, Ruiz-Barba JL. Induction of bacteriocin production by coculture is widespread among plantaricin-producing Lactobacillus plantarum strains with different regulatory operons. Food Microbiol 2013; 33:40-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Lakshminarayanan B, Guinane C, O'Connor P, Coakley M, Hill C, Stanton C, O'Toole P, Ross R. Isolation and characterization of bacteriocin-producing bacteria from the intestinal microbiota of elderly Irish subjects. J Appl Microbiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Lakshminarayanan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre; Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork, Ireland
- Department of Microbiology; University College; Cork Ireland
| | - C.M. Guinane
- Teagasc Food Research Centre; Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork, Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre; University College; Cork Ireland
| | - P.M. O'Connor
- Teagasc Food Research Centre; Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork, Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre; University College; Cork Ireland
| | - M. Coakley
- Teagasc Food Research Centre; Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork, Ireland
- Department of Microbiology; University College; Cork Ireland
| | - C. Hill
- Department of Microbiology; University College; Cork Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre; University College; Cork Ireland
| | - C. Stanton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre; Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork, Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre; University College; Cork Ireland
| | - P.W. O'Toole
- Department of Microbiology; University College; Cork Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre; University College; Cork Ireland
| | - R.P. Ross
- Teagasc Food Research Centre; Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork, Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre; University College; Cork Ireland
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33
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Kumar M, Jain AK, Ghosh M, Ganguli A. Characterization and Optimization of an Anti-Aeromonas
Bacteriocin Produced by Lactococcus lactis
Isolated from Hukuti Maas, an Indigenous Fermented Fish Product. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences; Thapar University; Patiala 147004 India
| | - Alok Kumar Jain
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences; Thapar University; Patiala 147004 India
| | - Moushumi Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences; Thapar University; Patiala 147004 India
| | - Abhijit Ganguli
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences; Thapar University; Patiala 147004 India
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34
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Evaluation of Lactobacillus strains for selected probiotic properties. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2012; 58:261-7. [PMID: 23135901 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-012-0208-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Eleven strains of Lactobacillus collected in the Culture Collection of Dairy Microorganisms (CCDM) were evaluated for selected probiotic properties such as survival in gastrointestinal fluids, antimicrobial activity, and competition with non-toxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 for adhesion on Caco-2 cells. The viable count of lactobacilli was reduced during 3-h incubation in gastric fluid followed by 3-h incubation in intestinal fluid. All strains showed antimicrobial activity and the three most effective strains inhibited the growth of at least 16 indicator strains. Antimicrobial metabolites of seven strains active against Lactobacillus and Clostridium indicator strains were found to be sensitive to proteinase K and trypsin, which indicates their proteinaceous nature. The degree of competitive inhibition of non-toxigenic E. coli O157:H7 adhesion on the surface of Caco-2 cells was strain-dependent. A significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the number of non-toxigenic E. coli O157:H7 adhering to Caco-2 cells was observed with all lactobacilli. Three strains were selected for additional studies of antimicrobial activity, i.e., Lactobacillus gasseri CCDM 215, Lactobacillus acidophilus CCDM 149, and Lactobacillus helveticus CCDM 82.
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35
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Effects on intestinal microbiota of probiotic fermented milk used for prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Eur Food Res Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-012-1851-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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36
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García-Cayuela T, Gómez de Cadiñanos LP, Peláez C, Requena T. Expression in Lactococcus lactis of functional genes related to amino acid catabolism and cheese aroma formation is influenced by branched chain amino acids. Int J Food Microbiol 2012; 159:207-13. [PMID: 23107499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Formation of cheese aroma compounds by Lactococcus lactis from amino acid catabolism depends on a complex network of reactions, which involve enzymes such as aminotransferases, dehydrogenases, lyases, and decarboxylases, among others. Based on the ability of some L. lactis strains to grow with low requirements of amino acids, we have studied in L. lactis IFPL730 the effect of the branched chain amino acid (BCAA) content on the expression of functional genes related to amino acid catabolism and aroma compound formation (araT, bcaT, kivD, ytjE and panE). L. lactis IFPL730 growth rate decreased under leucine, valine or isoleucine starvation but the strain reached similar viable counts at the stationary phase in all culture conditions studied. The level of expression of some genes encoding enzymes involved in amino acid catabolism changed significantly (P<0.05) when those conditions were compared. Specially, α-ketoisovalerate decarboxylase (kivD), BCAA-specific aminotransferase (bcaT) and C-S lyase (yjtE) gene expressions increased markedly by both isoleucine and valine starvation. In addition to gene expression, formation of volatile compounds was determined in all growth conditions. The results showed that BCAA starvation conditions caused a significant increase (P<0.05) in the formation of metabolic end products related to cheese aroma, such as 3-methylbutanal and 3-methylbutanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás García-Cayuela
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Microbiología de Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, Madrid, Spain.
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37
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Abstract
Bacteriocins are an abundant and diverse group of ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria and archaea. Traditionally, bacteriocin production has been considered an important trait in the selection of probiotic strains, but until recently, few studies have definitively demonstrated the impact of bacteriocin production on the ability of a strain to compete within complex microbial communities and/or positively influence the health of the host. Although research in this area is still in its infancy, there is intriguing evidence to suggest that bacteriocins may function in a number of ways within the gastrointestinal tract. Bacteriocins may facilitate the introduction of a producer into an established niche, directly inhibit the invasion of competing strains or pathogens, or modulate the composition of the microbiota and influence the host immune system. Here we review the role of bacteriocin production in complex microbial communities and their potential to enhance human health.
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38
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Thevenard B, Rasoava N, Fourcassié P, Monnet V, Boyaval P, Rul F. Characterization of Streptococcus thermophilus two-component systems: In silico analysis, functional analysis and expression of response regulator genes in pure or mixed culture with its yogurt partner, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 151:171-81. [PMID: 21978656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The lactic acid bacterium Streptococcus thermophilus (S. thermophilus) is widely used in the dairy industry. As a food bacterium, it has to cope with changing environments such as milk, yogurt, as well as the digestive tract, after the product has been ingested. In bacteria, two-component systems (TCS) are one of the most prevalent mechanisms to sense and respond appropriately to a wide range of signals. They are typically composed of a sensor kinase (HK) that detects a stimulus and a response regulator (RR) which acts as a transcriptional regulator. Our objective was to make an inventory of the TCS present in S. thermophilus LMD-9 and investigate the contribution of each TCS to LMD-9 growth in milk. For that purpose, we performed in silico, transcriptomic as well as functional analysis. The LMD-9 genome presented 6 complete TCS with both HK and RR (TCS 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 9) and 2 orphan RRs (RR01 and 08) with truncated HK. Our in silico analysis revealed that for 5 TCS out of the 8, orthologs with known functions were found in other bacterial species whereas for TCS02, 4 and 6 the function of the orthologs are unidentified. Transcriptomic studies (using quantitative PCR) revealed that all S. thermophilus LMD-9 response regulator genes were expressed in milk; they were expressed at different levels and with different profiles during growth. In mixed culture with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus), the S. thermophilus partner in yogurt, the expression of four S. thermophilus LMD-9 response regulator increased; two of them, rr02 and rr09, increased by a factor of 6. These results indicate that the presence of L. bulgaricus induces regulatory changes in S. thermophilus. We also demonstrated that a response regulator (rr02) can exert its regulatory function on its target genes even when expressed at very low levels. We showed that RR05-an ortholog of Bacillus subtilis YycF or Staphylococcus aureus WalR-was essential for the growth of S. thermophilus. For the 7 other RRs, the absence of a single response regulator gene was insufficient to notably impact the growth of LMD-9 in milk, with or without supplementation with purines, formate, or stress agents (lactate, H₂O₂). We demonstrated here that the 8 response regulators of LMD-9 are expressed--and thus potentially active--during growth in milk and suggested that the response regulators have possibly overlapping regulons and/or functions not essential under the conditions tested.
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Microbiota restoration: natural and supplemented recovery of human microbial communities. Nat Rev Microbiol 2010; 9:27-38. [PMID: 21113182 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro2473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In a healthy host, a balance exists between members of the microbiota, such that potential pathogenic and non-pathogenic organisms can be found in apparent harmony. During infection, this balance can become disturbed, leading to often dramatic changes in the composition of the microbiota. For most bacterial infections, nonspecific antibiotics are used, killing the non-pathogenic members of the microbiota as well as the pathogens and leading to a substantial delay in the restoration of a healthy microbiota. However, in some cases, infections can self-resolve without the intervention of antibiotics. In this Review, we explore the mechanisms underlying microbiota restoration following insult (antibiotic or otherwise) to the skin, oral cavity, and gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts, highlighting recovery by natural processes and after probiotic administration.
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40
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Sabra W, Dietz D, Tjahjasari D, Zeng AP. Biosystems analysis and engineering of microbial consortia for industrial biotechnology. Eng Life Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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41
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Lee HJ, Kim WJ. Isolation and characterization of anti-listerial and amylase sensitive enterocin producing Enterococcus faecium DB1 from Gajami-sikhae, a fermented flat fish in Korea. Food Sci Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-010-0053-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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42
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Rijkers GT, Bengmark S, Enck P, Haller D, Herz U, Kalliomaki M, Kudo S, Lenoir-Wijnkoop I, Mercenier A, Myllyluoma E, Rabot S, Rafter J, Szajewska H, Watzl B, Wells J, Wolvers D, Antoine JM. Guidance for substantiating the evidence for beneficial effects of probiotics: current status and recommendations for future research. J Nutr 2010; 140:671S-6S. [PMID: 20130080 DOI: 10.3945/jn.109.113779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. There is a growing interest in probiotics within the scientific community, with consumers, and in the food industry. The interactions between the gut and intestinal microbiota and between resident and transient microbiota define a new arena in physiology, an understanding of which would shed light on the "cross-talk" between humans and microbes. The different beneficial effects of specific probiotic strains may be translated into different health claims. However, there is a need for comprehensive and harmonized guidelines on the assessment of the characteristics and efficacy of probiotics and of foods containing them. An international expert group of ILSI has evaluated the published evidence of the functionality of different probiotics in 4 areas of (human) application: 1) metabolism, 2) chronic intestinal inflammatory and functional disorders, 3) infections, and 4) allergy. Based on the existing evidence, concrete examples of demonstration of benefits and gaps are listed, and guidelines and recommendations are defined that should help design the next generation of probiotic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ger T Rijkers
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
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