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Dias MKHM, Jayathilaka EHTT, De Zoysa M. Isolation, characterization, and immunomodulatory effects of extracellular vesicles isolated from fish pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 152:109787. [PMID: 39047924 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are natural nanocarriers that have shown great potential for biomedical applications such as biomarkers, cancer therapy, immunomodulators, vaccines, wound healing, tissue engineering, and drug carriers. In the present study, BEVs were isolated from the gram-negative bacterium, Aeromonas hydrophila using the ultracentrifugation method and denoted as AhEVs. Using transmission electron microscopy imaging, we confirmed the ultrastructure and spherical shape morphology of AhEVs. Nanoparticle-tracking analysis results showed a mean particle size of 105.5 ± 2.0 nm for AhEVs. Moreover, the particle concentration of AhEVs was 2.34 ± 0.12 × 1011 particles/mL of bacterial supernatant. AhEV-treated fathead minnow (FHM) cells did not show cytotoxicity effects up to 50 μg/mL with no significant decrease in cells. Moreover, no mortality was observed in larval zebrafish up to 50 μg/mL which indicates that the AhEVs are biocompatible at this concentration. Furthermore, fluorescent-labeled AhEVs were internalized into FHM cells. Results of qRT-PCR analysis in FHM cells revealed that cellular pro-inflammatory cytokines such as nuclear factor (NF)-κB, interferon (Ifn), Irf7, interleukin (Il) 8, and Il11 were upregulated while downregulating the expression of anti-inflammatory Il10 in a concentration-dependent manner. AhEV-treated adult zebrafish (5 μg/fish) induced toll-like receptor (tlr) 2 and tlr4; tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnfα); heat shock protein (hsp) 70; and il10, il6, and il1β in kidney. Protein expression of NF-κB p65 and Tnfα presented amplified levels in the spleen of AhEVs-treated zebrafish. Based on the collective findings, we conclude that AhEVs exhibited morphological and physicochemical characteristics to known EVs of gram (-)ve bacteria. At biocompatible concentrations, the immunomodulatory activity of AhEVs was demonstrated by inducing different immune response genes in FHM cells and zebrafish. Hence, we suggest that AhEVs could be a novel vaccine candidate in fish medicine due to their ability to elicit strong immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E H T Thulshan Jayathilaka
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahanama De Zoysa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Pathak NK, Rana K, Rana N, Panda AK, Chahota R, Thakur SD. Molecular detection of enterotoxins in multidrug resistant Aeromonas from ready to eat foods in North Western Himalayas: Public health significance. Acta Trop 2024; 256:107258. [PMID: 38759830 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Aeromonas spp. are normal inhabitants of aquatic environments and are emerging foodborne bacterial pathogens. Aeromonas spp. contamination is frequent in ready-to-eat (RTE) seafood and can also occur in products prepared from milk or meat. The study determined the enterotoxin and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Aeromonas spp. isolates recovered from RTE milk products (n = 105), RTE meat/fish products (n = 40) and drinking water (n = 60) samples collected from tourist places in Himachal Pradesh, India, in northwestern Himalayas. 7.3 % (16/220) samples were found contaminated with Aeromonas spp. These isolates were identified as A. hydrophila (31.3 %), A. schubertii (25.0 %), A. sobria (25.0 %) and A. veronii (18.8 %). Aeromonas spp. contamination was significantly higher (14.3 %, 15/105, p = 0.0001) in RTE milk products. The contamination levels for water samples were 1.7 % whereas none of the tested RTE meat or fish products yielded Aeromonas spp. Among RTE milk products, contamination was significantly higher in paneer (South Asian soft cheese) (26.1 %, p = 0.0027) and cream (25.0 %, p = 0.046) based RTE foods. All isolates carried alt (361 bp), encoding a cytotonic heat-labile enterotoxin. Ampicillin resistance was 100 % and high levels (>30 %) of resistance were recorded for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, amikacin, cefotaxime and ceftazidime. Six (37.5 %) isolates were multi drug resistant (MDR), showing resistance to aminoglycosides, cephams and penicillins. Isolation of alt carrying MDR isolates from RTE foods indicates that Aeromonas spp. can be potential foodborne public health threat in northwestern Himalayas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neena Kumari Pathak
- CSK HPKV, DGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Kavita Rana
- CSK HPKV, DGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Rana
- CSK HPKV, DGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Panda
- CSK HPKV, DGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh Chahota
- CSK HPKV, DGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Palampur, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sidharath Dev Thakur
- CSK HPKV, DGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Gaetano AS, Semeraro S, Greco S, Greco E, Cain A, Perrone MG, Pallavicini A, Licen S, Fornasaro S, Barbieri P. Bioaerosol Sampling Devices and Pretreatment for Bacterial Characterization: Theoretical Differences and a Field Experience in a Wastewater Treatment Plant. Microorganisms 2024; 12:965. [PMID: 38792794 PMCID: PMC11124041 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies on bioaerosol bacterial biodiversity have relevance in both ecological and health contexts, and molecular methods, such as 16S rRNA gene-based barcoded sequencing, provide efficient tools for the analysis of airborne bacterial communities. Standardized methods for sampling and analysis of bioaerosol DNA are lacking, thus hampering the comparison of results from studies implementing different devices and procedures. Three samplers that use gelatin filtration, swirling aerosol collection, and condensation growth tubes for collecting bioaerosol at an aeration tank of a wastewater treatment plant in Trieste (Italy) were used to determine the bacterial biodiversity. Wastewater samples were collected directly from the untreated sewage to obtain a true representation of the microbiological community present in the plant. Different samplers and collection media provide an indication of the different grades of biodiversity, with condensation growth tubes and DNA/RNA shieldTM capturing the richer bacterial genera. Overall, in terms of relative abundance, the air samples have a lower number of bacterial genera (64 OTUs) than the wastewater ones (75 OTUs). Using the metabarcoding approach to aerosol samples, we provide the first preliminary step toward the understanding of a significant diversity between different air sampling systems, enabling the scientific community to orient research towards the most informative sampling strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Serena Gaetano
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri, 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (A.S.G.); (S.S.); (E.G.); (S.L.); (S.F.)
- INSTM National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Via G. Giusti, 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Sabrina Semeraro
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri, 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (A.S.G.); (S.S.); (E.G.); (S.L.); (S.F.)
- INSTM National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Via G. Giusti, 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Samuele Greco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri, 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Enrico Greco
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri, 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (A.S.G.); (S.S.); (E.G.); (S.L.); (S.F.)
- INSTM National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Via G. Giusti, 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Andrea Cain
- ACEGAS APS AMGA S.p.a., Via degli Alti Forni, 11, 34121 Trieste, Italy;
| | | | - Alberto Pallavicini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri, 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Sabina Licen
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri, 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (A.S.G.); (S.S.); (E.G.); (S.L.); (S.F.)
| | - Stefano Fornasaro
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri, 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (A.S.G.); (S.S.); (E.G.); (S.L.); (S.F.)
| | - Pierluigi Barbieri
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri, 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (A.S.G.); (S.S.); (E.G.); (S.L.); (S.F.)
- INSTM National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Via G. Giusti, 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
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Zhang D, Li W, Hu X, Huang H, Zhang X. Requiring Reconsideration of Differences of Aeromonas Infections Between Extra-Intestinal and Intestinal in Hospitalized Patients. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:487-497. [PMID: 36721629 PMCID: PMC9884451 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s393347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the variations between extra-intestinal and intestinal infections of Aeromonas in terms of strain types, risk factors, drug susceptibility results, and the distribution of drug resistance and virulence genes. Patients and Methods A total of 188 Aeromonas strains were identified to the species level using housekeeping genes (rpoD, gyrB, and gyrA). The risk factors for Aeromonas extra-intestinal and intestinal infection, as well as mortality, were retrospectively examined in this study. The broth microdilution method was used to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Touchdown polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and DNA sequencing were employed to confirm virulence and the presence of drug resistance genes. Results The housekeeping genes identified 188 strains into 7 species. Extra-intestinal isolates generally contained A. caviae and A. hydrophila, while intestinal were A. veronii (p=0.0001). Extra-intestinal infections (158/188) were the main type and accounted for 24/27 of all fatalities. Malignant tumors, hepatobiliary diseases, anemia, and hypoproteinemia were linked to infections. Poor results were associated with septic shock. Using the broth microdilution method, over 80% isolates were susceptible to most antimicrobials, except for ceftazidime (79.8%) and ceftriaxone (69.7%). Except for imipenem, intestinal strains were more susceptible to other medications than extra-intestinal. Using touch-down polymerase chain reaction testing and DNA sequencing, 6 strains, 31 strains, and a strain only had bla TEM, bla CphA, and bla VIM, respectively. Two Aeromonas hydrophila each possessed bla CphA+ bla CTXM-M-9, and bla CphA + bla CTX-M-1 + bla CTX-M-15-like + bla TEM; two Aeromonas caviae each possessed bla NDM + bla CTX-M-1 +bla CTX-M-15-like + bla TEM, and bla NDM + bla TEM. Thirty-four of the 42 strains mentioned above were isolated from extra-intestinal. Act, aexT, and ascF-G, were in intestinal more frequently, but alt, hlyA, ela, and lip were in extra-intestinal more frequently. Conclusion Aeromonas inside and outside intestinal differed in their clinical characteristics, drug susceptibility, drug resistance and virulence genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiqin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenting Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Xiaobing Zhang, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-15123967161, Fax +86-23-89012742, Email
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Zhang D, Li W, Hu X, Huang H, Zhang X. Accurate Identification and Virulence Detection of Aeromonas: a Single-Center Retrospective Study on the Clinical Features and Outcomes Associated with Aeromonas Bacteremia in Southwestern China. Jpn J Infect Dis 2023; 76:7-13. [PMID: 36047178 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2022.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Aeromonas spp. were re-identified, and the clinical aspects associated with Aeromonas bacteremia, as well as drug resistance and virulence genes, were elucidated. A total of 188 isolates were classified into 7 Aeromonas spp. using housekeeping gene sequencing, which was the standard to assess the accuracy of the VITEK MALDI-TOF system and the VITEK2 Compact system. The VITEK MS system and housekeeping gene sequencing had a 39.89% clear coincidence rate, whereas the VITEK2 Compact system and the standard had a 2.13% coincidence rate. Aeromonas bacteremia was associated with septic shock, hematologic malignancy, and post-hepatitic cirrhosis. Hematological malignancy, hypoproteinemia, systemic steroid use, central venous catheterization, and virulence genes act and ast were linked to poor outcomes. Aeromonas bacteremia had a 37.5% mortality rate; however, differences in mortality rates among Aeromonas spp. were observed. According to the broth microdilution method, over 90% of isolates were sensitive to most antimicrobials, except ceftriaxone (83.33%) and imipenem (83.33%). Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing verified the presence of drug resistance genes; blaCphA was detected in 3 isolates, while blaNDM-1 was found in one isolate. In summary, common methods for identifying Aeromonas spp. are ineffective. Immunocompromised patients have a higher risk of infection and mortality. Furthermore, carbapenem resistance is a serious problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiqin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenting Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyu Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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First Record of the Rare Species Aeromonas lusitana from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum): Comparative Analysis with the Existing Strains. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11111299. [DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The species Aeromonas lusitana was first described in 2016 with five strains recovered from untreated water and vegetables from Portugal. Since then, no further records exist of this species. During a surveillance study on the presence of Aeromonas in fish farms in Mexico, a new strain (ESV-351) of the mentioned species isolated from a rainbow trout was recovered. It was identified because it clustered phylogenetically with the type strain of A. lusitana based on the analysis of the rpoD gene sequences. In the present study, phenotypic characteristics, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and the presence of putative virulence genes of this novel strain (ESV-351) were determined in parallel to the five isolates from the original species description. Phenotypic differential characteristics exhibited by A. lusitana ESV-351 depicted an evident similarity to the characteristics exhibited by the other evaluated strains. However, the novel strain was positive for the production of indole using conventional methods, while the rest of the strains, including the type strain, were negative for its production. Furthermore, intermediate resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cephalothin was detected in both the novel and the type strain. Five different virulence-related genes were detected in the novel strain and in the previously described strains, with the type strain exhibiting the highest number of virulence-related genes. In addition to this, the genome of the novel strain (ESV-351) was sequenced and compared with the genomes from the type strain (A. lusitana CECT 7828T) and other Aeromonas spp. The genomic analysis defined Aeromonas tecta as the closest species to A. lusitana with a highly similar number of predicted proteins. The genomic size, the number of protein-encoding genes and the number of different tRNAs, among other characteristics, make it possible to propose that the ESV-351 strain could potentially have the capacity to adapt to different environments. Genome comparison of the ESV-351 strain with the type strain revealed that both possess a similar sequence of the citrate synthase gene. In addition to this finding, the chromosomal region containing the citrate synthase locus of the novel strain exhibits some similarity to the chromosomal region in the genome of the A. hydrophila type strain and other known human pathogens, such as Vibrio cholerae. This could suggest a possible virulence role for the citrate synthase gene in A. lusitana (ESV-351).
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Pessoa RBG, de Oliveira WF, Correia MTDS, Fontes A, Coelho LCBB. Aeromonas and Human Health Disorders: Clinical Approaches. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:868890. [PMID: 35711774 PMCID: PMC9195132 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.868890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Aeromonas comprises more than 30 Gram-negative bacterial species and naturally inhabitants from aquatic environments. These microorganisms, commonly regarded as pathogens of fish and several other animals, have been gaining prominence on medical trial due to its ability to colonize and infect human beings. Besides water, Aeromonas are widely spreaded on most varied sources like soil, vegetables, and food; Although its opportunistic nature, they are able to cause infections on immunocompromised or immunocompetent patients. Aeromonas species regarded as potential human pathogens are usually A. hydrophila, A. caviae, and A. veronii biovar sobria. The main clinical manifestations are gastrointestinal tract disorders, wound, and soft tissue infections, as well as septicemia. Regarding to antibiotic responses, the bacteria present a diversified susceptibility profile and show inherence resistance to ampicillin. Aeromonas, as an ascending genus in microbiology, has been carefully studied aiming comprehension and development of methods for detection and medical intervention of infectious processes, not fully elucidated in medicine. This review focuses on current clinical knowledge related to human health disorders caused by Aeromonas to contribute on development of efficient approaches able to recognize and impair the pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weslley Felix de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Fontes
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Bacteriophages in the Control of Aeromonas sp. in Aquaculture Systems: An Integrative View. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020163. [PMID: 35203766 PMCID: PMC8868336 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas species often cause disease in farmed fish and are responsible for causing significant economic losses worldwide. Although vaccination is the ideal method to prevent infectious diseases, there are still very few vaccines commercially available in the aquaculture field. Currently, aquaculture production relies heavily on antibiotics, contributing to the global issue of the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and resistance genes. Therefore, it is essential to develop effective alternatives to antibiotics to reduce their use in aquaculture systems. Bacteriophage (or phage) therapy is a promising approach to control pathogenic bacteria in farmed fish that requires a heavy understanding of certain factors such as the selection of phages, the multiplicity of infection that produces the best bacterial inactivation, bacterial resistance, safety, the host’s immune response, administration route, phage stability and influence. This review focuses on the need to advance phage therapy research in aquaculture, its efficiency as an antimicrobial strategy and the critical aspects to successfully apply this therapy to control Aeromonas infection in fish.
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Zhang Q, Wu Z, Zhao J, Wang G, Hao J, Wang S, Lin Y, Guan H, Zhang J, Jian S, Li A. Composition and Functional Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Bacterioplankton Community in the Huangshui River, China. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112260. [PMID: 34835386 PMCID: PMC8623840 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial community plays a key role in environmental and ecological processes of river ecosystems. Given the special climatic and geographical conditions, studying the compositional characteristics of microorganisms in highland rivers and the relationship between such microorganisms and water physicochemical factors is important for an in-depth understanding of microbial ecological mechanisms. In the present study, high-throughput sequencing was used to investigate and study the bacterioplankton community of the Huangshui River in the ecotone zone of the Qinghai Plateau and Loess Plateau. The results showed that the Huangshui River had significantly lower alpha diversity than the plain rivers. Despite the similarity in their environmental conditions, the main taxonomic compositions of the bacterial communities were distinct between the Huangshui River and polar regions (the Arctic and Antarctica). Proteobacteria accounted for the largest proportion (30.79–99.98%) of all the sequences, followed by Firmicutes (0–49.38%). Acidiphilium was the most numerous genera, which accounted for 0.03–86.16% of the assigned 16S reads, followed by Acidocella (0–95.9%), both belonging to Alphaproteobacteria. The diverse taxa of potential pathogens, such as Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Aeromonas, were also identified. A principal coordinates analysis, coupled with a canonical correspondence analysis, showed spatial variations in the bacterial community composition. The water physical properties (e.g., Cr6+, total phosphorus, and CODMn); altitude; and land use (e.g., urban land cover and aquaculture) determined the distribution of the bacterioplankton composition. PICRUSt2 revealed that the overall functional profiles of the bacterial communities in different samples were similar, and our results suggested the potential health risks of water sources in this area. This work provided valuable insight into the composition of the plankton bacterial community and its relationship with the environmental factors in the Huangshui River in the ecotone zone of the Qinghai Plateau and Loess Plateau and a theoretical foundation for ecological health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.H.); (S.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhenbing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.H.); (S.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Qinghai Provincial Fishery Environmental Monitoring Center, Xining 810012, China; (J.Z.); (G.W.); (H.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Plateau Aquatic and Ecological Environmental in Qinghai Province, Xining 810012, China
| | - Guojie Wang
- Qinghai Provincial Fishery Environmental Monitoring Center, Xining 810012, China; (J.Z.); (G.W.); (H.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Plateau Aquatic and Ecological Environmental in Qinghai Province, Xining 810012, China
| | - Jingwen Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.H.); (S.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.H.); (S.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaoyao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.H.); (S.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongtao Guan
- Qinghai Provincial Fishery Environmental Monitoring Center, Xining 810012, China; (J.Z.); (G.W.); (H.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Plateau Aquatic and Ecological Environmental in Qinghai Province, Xining 810012, China
| | - Jinyong Zhang
- The Laboratory of Aquatic Parasitology, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China;
| | - Shenglong Jian
- Qinghai Provincial Fishery Environmental Monitoring Center, Xining 810012, China; (J.Z.); (G.W.); (H.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Plateau Aquatic and Ecological Environmental in Qinghai Province, Xining 810012, China
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (A.L.); Tel.: +86-27-68780053 (A.L.)
| | - Aihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.H.); (S.W.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (A.L.); Tel.: +86-27-68780053 (A.L.)
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Lee HJ, Hoel S, Lunestad BT, Lerfall J, Jakobsen AN. Aeromonas spp. isolated from ready-to-eat seafood on the Norwegian market: prevalence, putative virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 130:1380-1393. [PMID: 33025711 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We aim to investigate the prevalence, putative virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of mesophilic Aeromonas isolated from ready-to-eat (RTE) seafood available on the Norwegian market, and to assess the potential risks by consuming RTE seafood to consumers. METHODS AND RESULTS The prevalence of mesophilic Aeromonas in 148 RTE seafood was investigated and the highest prevalence was found in retail sushi (17%), followed by oysters (10%), fresh salmon loins (10%) and scallops (4%). Among 43 Aeromonas isolates, 75% of them were identified as A. media, 23% as A. salmonicida and 2% as A. bestiarum based on partial gryB gene sequencing. Aeromonas isolates were potentially pathogenic due to the presence of four virulence genes: alt (73%), hylA (22%), aerA (17%) and act (6%). In addition, all isolates were resistant to ampicillin and erythromycin. Most of the isolates (98%) were multidrug resistant. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of potentially pathogenic and multidrug-resistant Aeromonas strains in RTE seafood implies a potential risk to consumers. Our finding suggests that RTE seafood could be a potential vehicle for the transfer of virulent and multidrug-resistant Aeromonas. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY To our knowledge, this is the first study to report multiple antibiotic resistance in Aeromonas associated with RTE seafood in Norway.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-J Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - S Hoel
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - B-T Lunestad
- Section for Contaminants and Biohazards, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - J Lerfall
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - A N Jakobsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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11
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Ünver B, Bakıcı M. Motile aeromonad septicemia (MAS) at Cyprinus carpio L., 1758 (Actinopterygii:Cyprinidae) in Lake Tödürge (Sivas/Turkey). ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-11989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT In this study, fish’s morphologic and anatomic lesions caused by motile aeromonad septicemia (MAS) depending on environmental stress in carp, Cyprinus carpio population living in Lake Tödürge were identified. Various morphological and anatomical deformations and lesions were observed in the body of approximately 17% (252 fish specimens) of a total of 1488 carp samples. Bacteria are grown from all wipe samples. Bacterial colonies have a gray-white appearance with round, convex and smooth edges. 15-20 cfu colonies were observed in each aerop culture. As a result of analysis of wet wipe samples from infected fish’s skin, gill, kidney and liver, it is determined that the bacteria which causes septicemia is Aeromonas sobria from the Aeromonadaceae family (with 99.2% confidence value). No bacteria were grown in cultures except A. sobria. Some symptoms of the infection are inflammation on different parts of the fish bodies, eruption on skin and scales, dermal necrosis, degeneration at soft rays of the fins, exophthalmos, and purulent liquid accumulation in the abdominal cavity, etc. Infected fish were most commonly encountered in July and August (water temperature above 20ºC), the lowest in October and November (water temperature below 10ºC).
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Ünver
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Turkey
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12
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Umutoni N, Jakobsen AN, Mukhatov K, Thomassen GMB, Karlsen H, Mehli L. Occurrence, diversity and temperature-dependent growth kinetics of Aeromonas spp. in lettuce. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 335:108852. [PMID: 32932210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bagged, pre-cut and prewashed lettuce products are marketed as ready to eat. This concept poses a food safety concern, due to lack of efficient hurdles to eliminate possible microbial contaminants from the fresh produce and/or the processing itself. Aeromonas spp. are potential foodborne pathogens that are frequently isolated from lettuce. High counts of, e.g., A. hydrophila have been found in retail ready-to-eat (RTE) vegetable salads. The aim of this study was to assess the general microbiological quality, the occurrence and diversity of potential human pathogenic mesophilic Aeromonas spp. of retail RTE lettuce products. Additionally, temperature-dependent growth kinetic parameters of Aerobic Plate Counts (APC) and Aeromonas spp. in one selected RTE lettuce product, rocket lettuce, were quantified by performing storage experiments at 4 °C, 8 °C and 12 °C. The Aeromonas isolates were further characterized regarding pathogenic traits and phylogenetic relationship. The overall hygienic quality of the lettuce products was unsatisfactory, as 60% of the products had an APC level higher than 7.0 log CFU/g. Presumptive Aeromonas spp. were detected in 52% of the samples, levels ranging from approximately 2.0-6.0 log CFU/g. Significantly lower counts of APC and Aeromonas spp. were found in uncut and unwashed products. Presumptive Aeromonas spp. were able to proliferate in rocket lettuce stored at 4 °C (μmax = 0.39 ± 0.06/d and μmax = 0.43 ± 0.05/d for lettuce from producers A and B, respectively), and μmax was approximately 2× higher at 8 °C and 3× higher at 12 °C. Eighty-four percent of the collected isolates were identified as A. media, based on partial gyrB sequencing. Additionally A. salmonicida and A. bestiarum were detected. The pathogenic potential in this material was high, most of the isolates harbored at least one of the toxin genes, act, ast, alt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle Umutoni
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; SYNLAB Analytics & Services, dep. Rørvik. Fjordgata 8, 7900 Rørvik, Norway.
| | - Anita N Jakobsen
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kirill Mukhatov
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Hanne Karlsen
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Lisbeth Mehli
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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Babaie P, Saadati A, Hasanzadeh M. Recent progress and challenges on the bioassay of pathogenic bacteria. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 109:548-571. [PMID: 32924292 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The present review (containing 242 references) illustrates the importance and application of optical and electrochemical methods as well as their performance improvement using various methods for the detection of pathogenic bacteria. The application of advanced nanomaterials including hyper branched nanopolymers, carbon-based materials and silver, gold and so on. nanoparticles for biosensing of pathogenic bacteria was also investigated. In addition, a summary of the applications of nanoparticle-based electrochemical biosensors for the identification of pathogenic bacteria has been provided and their advantages, detriments and future development capabilities was argued. Therefore, the main focus in the present review is to investigate the role of nanomaterials in the development of biosensors for the detection of pathogenic bacteria. In addition, type of nanoparticles, analytes, methods of detection and injection, sensitivity, matrix and method of tagging are also argued in detail. As a result, we have collected electrochemical and optical biosensors designed to detect pathogenic bacteria, and argued outstanding features, research opportunities, potential and prospects for their development, according to recently published research articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Babaie
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Food and Drug safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arezoo Saadati
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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14
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Pessoa RBG, Marques DSC, Lima ROHA, Oliveira MBM, Lima GMS, Maciel de Carvalho EVM, Coelho LCBB. Molecular characterization and evaluation of virulence traits of Aeromonas spp. isolated from the tambaqui fish (Colossoma macropomum). Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104273. [PMID: 32473391 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study was developed to characterize, at the species level, 34 strains of Aeromonas spp., previously isolated from stressed tambaqui fish (Colossoma macropomum), to elucidate virulence factors, as well as their antibiotic resistance profile. Amplification of the gyrB gene identified the strains as A. hydrophila, A. dhakensis, A. caviae, A. veronii and A. jandaei. Bacterial virulence was evaluated by enzymatic assays for phenotypical production of hemolysins, proteases and lipases followed by the search for genes codifying the enzymes β-hemolysin, serine protease and lipase. Phenotypical production of virulence factors was diversified and proteolytic activity demonstrated to be a common expression among the strains. On the other hand, the lip gene encoding extracellular lipase was the most expressed. Furthermore, A. hydrophila was the most prevalent species isolated from tambaqui in our work.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B G Pessoa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - D S C Marques
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - R O H A Lima
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - M B M Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - G M S Lima
- Laboratório de Genética de Microrganismos, Departamento de Antibióticos, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - E V M Maciel de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - L C B B Coelho
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Cordeiro KS, Galeno LS, Mendonça CDJS, Carvalho IA, Costa FN. Ocorrência de bactérias patogênicas e deteriorantes em sashimi de salmão: avaliação de histamina e de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.08519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Resumo O estudo das condições higiênico sanitárias de alimentos cárneos consumidos crus, como o sashimi, é necessário para definir sua qualidade e possíveis consequências para a saúde humana. Foram coletadas 60 amostras de sashimi de salmão (Salmo salar), de dez restaurantes na cidade de São Luís, Maranhão - Brasil, sendo seis de cada local. As amostras foram analisadas para contagem de coliformes a 35 °C, coliformes a 45 °C e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e negativa, identificação da presença de Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus e Aeromonas spp, teste de suscetibilidade a antimicrobianos dos isolados e quantificação de histamina nas amostras. Os resultados mostraram elevadas contagens de coliformes a 35 °C e 12 amostras com >102 NMP/g de coliformes a 45 °C, presença de E. coli e de Salmonella sp. em 3 amostras cada, ausência de V. parahaemolyticus e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e contagem de Staphylococcus coagulase negativa entre <20 e 5,0x104 UFC/g, presença de Aeromonas spp. em 95% das amostras, sendo 60 isolados A. hydrophila e 6 A. caviae. Para suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos, os isolados de E. coli foram sensíveis a CPM, CTX, LVX, PPT e SUT, dois resistentes a AMP; um resistente a GEN, um a AMI e um a AMC. Os isolados de Salmonella foram sensíveis a AMC, CPM, CFO, CRX, GEN, LVX e PPT, um resistente a AMI e um a AMP e SUT. Os isolados de Aeromonas foram resistentes em média a cinco dos antimicrobianos, sendo a AMP (97%), a CRX (90,9%) e a AMC (77,3%), e 81,8% foram sensíveis ao CPM. Os níveis de histamina variaram de 44,06 ± 0,74 a 505,46 ± 8,83 mg/kg, sendo 21 das amostras com níveis superiores a 100 mg/kg. As amostras apresentaram condições higiênicos sanitárias insatisfatórias e riscos para a saúde pública, por identificação de bactérias patogênicas e elevadas concentrações de histamina capazes de causar intoxicação escombróide, e ainda, isolados com multirresistência aos antimicrobianos testados.
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16
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Subbaram K, Gatasheh MK, Al Azzam KM, Kannan H. Molecular identification of diarrheal Aeromonas using immuno magnetic polymerase chain reaction (IM-PCR) technique: a comparative study with conventional culture method. Afr Health Sci 2019; 19:2036-2042. [PMID: 31656487 PMCID: PMC6794535 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v19i2.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aeromonas are ubiquitous bacteria causing many clinical conditions including acute diarrhea. Diarrheagenic Aeromonas harbors aerolysin gene secreting virulent enterotoxin, aerolysin. Objectives To develop a molecular and immunological based method for detection of Aeromonas. Methods Diarrheal Aeromonas strains were identified from stool samples using culture, enterotoxicity testing using mice model. During immune magnetic polymerase chain reaction IM-PCR protocol, aerolysin specific antibodies were bound with immuno magnetic binding. Sensitivity and specificity tests for IM-PCR were conducted. Results There was high detection of Aeromonas using IM-PCR (12.4 %) technique when compared to low isolation with culture (5.1%). Our study confirmed that some strains of enterotoxic Aeromonas strains were uncultivable. Enterotoxicity tests on culture isolates revealed many strains were negative. IM-PCR detected high, (62/500) rate of identification of Aeromonas with aerolysin toxin gene. Aeromonas species identified after IM-PCR were A. hydrophila (40.3% ), A. veronii (17.7 %), A. caviae (14.5 %), A. trota (11.2 %), A. jandei (9.6 %) and A. schuberti (6.4%). All A. trota strains were undetected by cultivation. Conclusion High sensitivity and specificity of IM-PCR are due to preparation of aerolysin antibodies and immuno magnetic binding, prior to PCR. Since diseases due to Aeromonas are increasingly reported, IM-PCR is recommended for detection from clinical specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Subbaram
- Preparatory Year Department, Al-Ghad International Colleges for Applied Medical Sciences, 11451 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour K Gatasheh
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Al-Ghad International Colleges for Applied Medical Sciences, 11451 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaldun M Al Azzam
- Preparatory Year Department, Al-Ghad International Colleges for Applied Medical Sciences, 11451 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hemalatha Kannan
- Department of Laboratory Sciences & Pathology, P.O.Box-378, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
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17
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Gonçalves Pessoa RB, de Oliveira WF, Marques DSC, Dos Santos Correia MT, de Carvalho EVMM, Coelho LCBB. The genus Aeromonas: A general approach. Microb Pathog 2019; 130:81-94. [PMID: 30849490 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The genus Aeromonas comprises more than thirty Gram-negative bacterial species which mostly act as opportunistic microorganisms. These bacteria are distributed naturally in diverse aquatic ecosystems, where they are easily isolated from animals such as fish and crustaceans. A capacity for adaptation also makes Aeromonas able to colonize terrestrial environments and their inhabitants, so these microorganisms can be identified from different sources, such as soils, plants, fruits, vegetables, birds, reptiles, amphibians, among others. Infectious processes usually develop in immunocompromised humans; in fish and other marine animals this process occurs under conditions of stress. Such events are most often associated with incorrect practices in aquaculture. Aeromonas has element diverse ranges, denominated virulence factors, which promote adhesion, colonization and invasion into host cells. These virulence factors, such as membrane components, enzymes and toxins, for example, are differentially expressed among species, making some strains more virulent than others. Due to their diversity, no single virulence factor was considered determinant in the infectious process generated by these microorganisms. Unlike other genera, Aeromonas species are erroneously differentiated by conventional biochemical tests. Therefore, molecular assays are necessary for this purpose. Nevertheless, new means of identification have been considered in order to generate methods that, like molecular tests, can correctly identify these microorganisms. The main objectives of this review are to explain environmental and structural characteristics of the Aeromonas genus and to discuss virulence mechanisms that these bacteria use to infect aquatic organisms and humans, which are important aspects for aquaculture and public health, respectively. In addition, this review aims to clarify new tests for the precise identification of the species of Aeromonas, contributing to the exact and specific diagnosis of infections by these microorganisms and consequently the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Bastos Gonçalves Pessoa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Weslley Felix de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Diego Santa Clara Marques
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Maria Tereza Dos Santos Correia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Elba Verônica Matoso Maciel de Carvalho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Luana Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso Coelho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Freire NB, Magalhães TC, Nunes Soares RA, da Costa MM, Gouveia GV. Nutritional interference for phenotypic biofilm quantification in Aeromonas spp. isolates containing the fla gene. Microb Pathog 2018; 127:198-201. [PMID: 30500410 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The Aeromonas genus has several virulence factors associated with the development of diseases in aquatic organisms, leading to losses in aquaculture. One of these factors is the flagella's formation which allows the biofilm's formation that provides the microorganisms a greater pathogenicity, greater protection to certain substances such as antibiotics. The aim of the study was to verify the presence of the fla gene, related to biofilm production in isolates of Aeromonas spp. from fishes and also to determine the best quantification condition of phenotypic biofilm production in vitro. Polymerase Chain Reactions were performed to obtain the amplification of the region comprising the fla gene. To determine the best condition for the production biofilm, the microplate adhesion test was carried out under different concentrations of TSB broth and it combined with glucose. Of the 43 isolates of Aeromonas spp. analyzed, 28 were positive for the fla gene and, in the quantification of the biofilm, all these were able to form biofilm in the TSB broth without dilution and without addition of glucose, being this the best condition tested. It was observed that the isolates of Aeromonas spp. analyzed have potential for biofilm formation, and hence potential for virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiana Braga Freire
- Natural Resources of Semiarid Department, UNIVASF - Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil.
| | - Thaís Correia Magalhães
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Department, UESC - Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Riani Ananda Nunes Soares
- Biological Sciences Department, UNIVASF - Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Mateus Matiuzzi da Costa
- Animal Science Department, UNIVASF - Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Gisele Veneroni Gouveia
- Animal Science Department, UNIVASF - Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
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Harnisz M, Korzeniewska E. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant Aeromonas spp. in the municipal wastewater system and their dissemination in the environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 626:377-383. [PMID: 29353783 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify the determinants of antibiotic resistance and virulence of Aeromonas spp. isolated from treated wastewater (WW) and from samples of river water collected upstream (URW) and downstream (DRW) from the effluent discharge point. The resistance of Aeromonas spp. to antibiotics that are widely used in human and veterinary medicine, including beta-lactams, tetracyclines, glycylcyclines, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, was analyzed by disk diffusion method. The prevalence of hemolysins, aerolysins (virulence factors) and integrase genes was determined. A total of 83 Aeromonas spp. strains were selected from the isolates obtained from river water and wastewater samples. The highest percentage (81.8%) of multidrug-resistant isolates was noted in DRW samples. The analyzed isolates were most frequently resistant to beta-lactams, tetracyclines and aminoglycosides, whereas resistance to glycylcyclines was least common. Isolates resistant to beta-lactams most frequently harbored blaTEM and blaOXA genes. The group of genes encoding resistance to tetracyclines was most frequently represented by tet(E) and tet(O). Genes encoding virulence ahh1 (heat-labile hemolysin) or integrase intI1 occurred more frequently in the strains isolated from DRW than URW. An analysis of genetic relatedness revealed two main clusters - one with closely related WW and DRW isolates and one with less related isolates from all analyzed samples. The results of this study indicate that regardless of the applied treatment, municipal sewage may be a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, antibiotic resistance and virulence genes and that treated water can contaminate other environmental domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Harnisz
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Ewa Korzeniewska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland
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Hoel S, Vadstein O, Jakobsen AN. Species Distribution and Prevalence of Putative Virulence Factors in Mesophilic Aeromonas spp. Isolated from Fresh Retail Sushi. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:931. [PMID: 28596762 PMCID: PMC5442234 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas spp. are ubiquitous bacteria that have received increasing attention as human pathogens because of their widespread occurrence in food, especially seafood and vegetables. The aim of this work was to assess the species identity and phylogenetic relationship of 118 Aeromonas strains isolated from fresh retail sushi from three producers, and to characterize the isolates with respect to genetic and phenotypic virulence factors. We also evaluate the potential hazard associated with their presence in ready-to-eat seafood not subjected to heat treatment. Mesophilic Aeromonas salmonicida was most prevalent (74%), followed by A. bestiarum (9%), A. dhakensis (5%), A. caviae (5%), A. media (4%), A. hydrophila (2%), and A. piscicola (1%). All isolates were considered potentially pathogenic due to the high prevalence of genes encoding hemolysin (hlyA) (99%), aerolysin (aerA) (98%), cytotoxic enterotoxin (act) (86%), heat-labile cytotonic enterotoxin (alt) (99%), and heat-stable cytotonic enterotoxin (ast) (31%). The shiga-like toxins 1 and 2 (stx-1 and stx-2) were not detected. Moreover, there was heterogeneity in toxin gene distribution among the isolates, and the combination of act/alt/hlyA/aerA was most commonly detected (63%). β-hemolysis was species-dependent and observed in 91% of the isolates. All A. media and A. caviae strains were non-hemolytic. For isolates belonging to this group, lack of hemolysis was possibly related to the absence of the act gene. Swimming motility, linked to adhesion and host invasion, occurred in 65% of the isolates. Partial sequencing of the gyrB gene demonstrated its suitability as a genetic marker for Aeromonas species identification and for assessment of the phylogenetic relationship between the isolates. The gyrB sequence divergence within a given species ranged from 1.3 to 2.9%. A. bestiarum, A. salmonicida, and A. piscicola were the most closely related species; their sequences differed by 2.7-3.4%. The average gyrB sequence similarity between all species was 93%, demonstrating its acceptable taxonomic resolution. The presence of multiple species of potential pathogenic Aeromonas in fresh retail sushi raises new food safety issues related to the increased consumption of ready-to-eat food composed of raw ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunniva Hoel
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim, Norway
| | - Olav Vadstein
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim, Norway
| | - Anita N Jakobsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim, Norway
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Talagrand-Reboul E, Roger F, Kimper JL, Colston SM, Graf J, Latif-Eugenín F, Figueras MJ, Petit F, Marchandin H, Jumas-Bilak E, Lamy B. Delineation of Taxonomic Species within Complex of Species: Aeromonas media and Related Species as a Test Case. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:621. [PMID: 28458658 PMCID: PMC5394120 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas media is an opportunistic pathogen for human and animals mainly found in aquatic habitats and which has been noted for significant genomic and phenotypic heterogeneities. We aimed to better understand the population structure and diversity of strains currently affiliated to A. media and the related species A. rivipollensis. Forty-one strains were included in a population study integrating, multilocus genetics, phylogenetics, comparative genomics, as well as phenotypics, lifestyle, and evolutionary features. Sixteen gene-based multilocus phylogeny delineated three clades. Clades corresponded to different genomic groups or genomospecies defined by phylogenomic metrics ANI (average nucleotide identity) and isDDH (in silico DNA-DNA hybridization) on 14 whole genome sequences. DL-lactate utilization, cefoxitin susceptibility, nucleotide signatures, ribosomal multi-operon diversity, and differences in relative effect of recombination and mutation (i.e., in evolution mode) distinguished the two species Aeromonas media and Aeromonas rivipollensis. The description of these two species was emended accordingly. The genome metrics and comparative genomics suggested that a third clade is a distinct genomospecies. Beside the species delineation, genetic and genomic data analysis provided a more comprehensive knowledge of the cladogenesis determinants at the root and inside A. media species complex among aeromonads. Particular lifestyles and phenotypes as well as major differences in evolution modes may represent putative factors associated with lineage emergence and speciation within the A. media complex. Finally, the integrative and populational approach presented in this study is considered broadly in order to conciliate the delineation of taxonomic species and the population structure in bacterial genera organized in species complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Talagrand-Reboul
- Équipe Pathogènes Hydriques Santé Environnements, UMR 5569 HSM, Université de MontpellierMontpellier, France.,Département d'Hygiène Hospitalière, CHRU de MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Roger
- Équipe Pathogènes Hydriques Santé Environnements, UMR 5569 HSM, Université de MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Jean-Luc Kimper
- Équipe Pathogènes Hydriques Santé Environnements, UMR 5569 HSM, Université de MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Sophie M Colston
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of ConnecticutStorrs, CT, USA
| | - Joerg Graf
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of ConnecticutStorrs, CT, USA
| | - Fadua Latif-Eugenín
- Unidad de Microbiologia, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, IISPV, Universidad Rovira i VirgiliReus, Spain
| | - Maria José Figueras
- Unidad de Microbiologia, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, IISPV, Universidad Rovira i VirgiliReus, Spain
| | - Fabienne Petit
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, M2CRouen, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, EPHE, UMR 7619 METISParis, France
| | - Hélène Marchandin
- Équipe Pathogènes Hydriques Santé Environnements, UMR 5569 HSM, Université de MontpellierMontpellier, France.,Département de Bactériologie, CHRU de MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Estelle Jumas-Bilak
- Équipe Pathogènes Hydriques Santé Environnements, UMR 5569 HSM, Université de MontpellierMontpellier, France.,Département d'Hygiène Hospitalière, CHRU de MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Brigitte Lamy
- Équipe Pathogènes Hydriques Santé Environnements, UMR 5569 HSM, Université de MontpellierMontpellier, France.,Département de Bactériologie, CHU de NiceNice, France
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22
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Igbinosa IH, Beshiru A, Odjadjare EE, Ateba CN, Igbinosa EO. Pathogenic potentials of Aeromonas species isolated from aquaculture and abattoir environments. Microb Pathog 2017; 107:185-192. [PMID: 28365323 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study elucidated the presence of antibiotics resistance, virulence genes and biofilm potentials among Aeromonas species isolated from abattoir and aquaculture environments in Benin City, Nigeria. A total of 144 wastewater samples were obtained from two independent aquaculture and abattoir environments between May and October 2016. Aeromonas species were isolated on Glutamate Starch Phenol Red (GSP) agar and confirmed using API 20NE kits. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolates was carried out using standard disc diffusion assay while biofilm potentials were detected by the microtitre plate method and PCR technique was used to detect antibiotics resistance and virulence gene markers. Overall, 32 and 26 Aeromonas species were isolated from the abattoir and aquaculture environments respectively. Isolates from both environments were completely resistant (100%) to penicillin G, ertapenem and tetracycline; whereas aquaculture isolates exhibited absolute sensitivity (100%) towards cefepime. All the virulence gene markers (aerA, hlyA, alt, ast, laf, ascF-G, fla, lip, stx1, and stx2) investigated in this study (except laf) were detected in isolates from both environments. The laf genes were only detected in isolates from abattoir environments. Antibiotics resistant genes including pse, blaTEM and class 1 integron were detected in isolates from both environments. Majority of the isolates (53/58 91.4%) from both environments; demonstrated capacity for biofilm potential. The detection of antibiotic resistance and virulence gene markers as well as biofilm forming ability in Aeromonas species isolated from aquaculture and abattoir environments raise serious public health concern worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isoken H Igbinosa
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Private Mail Bag 1154 Benin City 300001, Nigeria; SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Abeni Beshiru
- Applied Microbial Processes & Environmental Health Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Private Mail Bag 1154 Benin City 300001, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel E Odjadjare
- Environmental, Public Health and Bioresource Microbiology Research Group, Department of Basic Sciences, Benson Idahosa University, PMB 1100, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Collins N Ateba
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Division, Faculty of Agriculture Science and Technology, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2375 South Africa
| | - Etinosa O Igbinosa
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Applied Microbial Processes & Environmental Health Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Private Mail Bag 1154 Benin City 300001, Nigeria.
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23
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Baron S, Granier SA, Larvor E, Jouy E, Cineux M, Wilhelm A, Gassilloud B, Le Bouquin S, Kempf I, Chauvin C. Aeromonas Diversity and Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Freshwater-An Attempt to Set Generic Epidemiological Cut-Off Values. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:503. [PMID: 28400760 PMCID: PMC5368242 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the role of environment in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistant bacteria is now well recognized. Thus, bacterial indicators to monitor the phenomena are required. The Aeromonas genus is autochthonous in the aquatic environment and easy to detect in any water type, such as freshwater, or wastewater. These microorganisms are also causing infections in humans and animals (including fish). Furthermore, as Aeromonas spp. is able to acquire antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, it is candidate for indicator bacteria to follow antimicrobial resistance dissemination in aquatic environments. Unfortunately, to date, interpretation criteria for Aeromonas spp. for antimicrobial susceptibility tests are scarce in the literature. No epidemiological cut-off values for Aeromonas are currently available at EUCAST to interpret Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC). The only interpretation criteria available are clinical breakpoints from CLSI that are adapted from Enterobacteriaceae. Based on the results of MIC distributions obtained for a collection of environmental isolates of Aeromonas, this study aimed at proposing tentative epidemiological cut-off values (COWT) for Aeromonas spp. assessing whether the genus is an acceptable level of definition. Thus, 233 isolates collected from 16 rivers were identified at species level using Maldi-Tof (Bruker). Eleven different species were identified, the most abundant were A. bestiarum (n = 54), A. salmonicida (n = 45), A. sobria (n = 41), and A. eucrenophila (n = 37). 96-well micro-plates containing different concentrations of 15 antimicrobials, namely cefotaxime, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, colistin, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, florfenicol, flumequine, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, streptomycin, temocillin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, were prepared. The broth micro-dilution method was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of each isolate. The estimation of COWT values was satisfactory obtained at genus level for all antimicrobials except cefotaxime and erythromycin. This first step is an invitation for other research teams to increase the amount of antimicrobial resistance data collected. Then, robustness of our proposed provisional generic epidemiological cut-off values could be assessed by testing antimicrobial susceptibility of various Aeromonas collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Baron
- Mycoplasmology-Bacteriology Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses)Ploufragan, France; Bretagne-Loire UniversityRennes, France
| | - Sophie A Granier
- Laboratory for Food Safety, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses), Paris-Est University Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Emeline Larvor
- Mycoplasmology-Bacteriology Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses)Ploufragan, France; Bretagne-Loire UniversityRennes, France
| | - Eric Jouy
- Mycoplasmology-Bacteriology Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses)Ploufragan, France; Bretagne-Loire UniversityRennes, France
| | - Maelan Cineux
- Mycoplasmology-Bacteriology Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses)Ploufragan, France; Bretagne-Loire UniversityRennes, France
| | - Amandine Wilhelm
- Laboratory for Hydrology, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses) Nancy, France
| | - Benoit Gassilloud
- Laboratory for Hydrology, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses) Nancy, France
| | - Sophie Le Bouquin
- Bretagne-Loire UniversityRennes, France; Epidemiology and Welfare in Poultry and Rabbit Farming, Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses)Ploufragan, France
| | - Isabelle Kempf
- Mycoplasmology-Bacteriology Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses)Ploufragan, France; Bretagne-Loire UniversityRennes, France
| | - Claire Chauvin
- Bretagne-Loire UniversityRennes, France; Epidemiology and Welfare in Pigs, Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (Anses)Ploufragan, France
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24
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Ormanci S, Yucel N. Biofilm formation on polystyrene and glass surface byAeromonasspecies isolated from different sources. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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25
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Didugu H, Thirtham M, Nelapati K, Reddy KK, Kumbhar BS, Poluru A, Pothanaboyina G. A study on the prevalence of Aeromonas spp. and its enterotoxin genes in samples of well water, tap water, and bottled water. Vet World 2015; 8:1237-42. [PMID: 27047024 PMCID: PMC4774662 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.1237-1242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this work was to study the prevalence of Aeromonas spp. and its enterotoxin genes in various water sources. MATERIALS AND METHODS 125 samples (50 from well water, 50 from tap water, and 25 from bottled water) were collected from various sources in and around Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation and examined for the presence of aeromonads by both cultural and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Alkaline peptone water with ampicillin was used as enrichment. Aeromonas isolation medium and ampicillin dextrin agar were used as selective media. The boiling and snap chilling method was used for DNA extraction. Primers targeted against 16S rRNA, aer, and ast were used to identify aeromonads and its enterotoxins. RESULTS 48%, 18%, and 12% of well water, tap water, and bottled water samples were found positive by cultural assay with an overall prevalence of 28.8%. Aeromonads were detected in 32 % (52% in well water, 20% in tap water, and 16% in bottled water) of samples by PCR assay. Aerolysin (aer) gene was noticed in 34.6%, 20%, and 0% of well water, tap water, and bottled water samples, respectively, with an overall prevalence of 27.5%. Thermostable cytotonic enterotoxin (ast) was observed in 37.5% (42.3% in well water, 30% in tap water, and 25% in bottled mineral water) of samples. CONCLUSIONS Presence of aeromonads and its toxin genes in various sources of water is of public health concern and emphasizes the need for necessary preventive measures to tackle the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hareesh Didugu
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Madhavarao Thirtham
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Science, Proddatur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Krishnaiah Nelapati
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Telangana, India
| | - K Kondal Reddy
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, Sri P.V. Narsimha Rao Telangana State University for Veterinary, Animal and Fishery Sciences, Rajendranagar, Telangana, India
| | - Baba Saheb Kumbhar
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Telangana, India
| | - Anusha Poluru
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Telangana, India
| | - Guruvishnu Pothanaboyina
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Science, Proddatur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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26
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Effect of salinity and incubation time of planktonic cells on biofilm formation, motility, exoprotease production, and quorum sensing of Aeromonas hydrophila. Food Microbiol 2015; 49:142-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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27
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Izabela PDSL, Yasmin SG, Samira TLDO, Fabio ND, Cristina DCK, Gisele VG, Wagner PF, Mateus MC. Efficacy of Aeromonas hydrophila S-layer bacterins with different protein profiles as a vaccine in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/ajmr2015.7586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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28
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Craveiro S, Alves-Barroco C, Barreto Crespo MT, Salvador Barreto A, Semedo-Lemsaddek T. Aeromonasbiofilm on stainless steel: efficiency of commonly used disinfectants. Int J Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Craveiro
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Lisboa; Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal; Avenida da Universidade Técnica; 1300-477 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Cynthia Alves-Barroco
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Lisboa; Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal; Avenida da Universidade Técnica; 1300-477 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Barreto Crespo
- ITQB - Instituto de Tecnologia Quí?mica e Biológica; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Av. da República 2780-157 Oeiras Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Av. da República 2780-157 Oeiras Portugal
| | - António Salvador Barreto
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Lisboa; Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal; Avenida da Universidade Técnica; 1300-477 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Teresa Semedo-Lemsaddek
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Lisboa; Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal; Avenida da Universidade Técnica; 1300-477 Lisboa Portugal
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29
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Silva CM, Evangelista-Barreto NS, Vieira RHSDF, Mendonça KV, Sousa OVD. Population dynamics and antimicrobial susceptibility of Aeromonas spp. along a salinity gradient in an urban estuary in Northeastern Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 89:96-101. [PMID: 25455376 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to quantify population and identify culturable species of Aeromonas in sediment and surface water collected along a salinity gradient in an urban estuary in Northeastern Brazil. Thirty sediment samples and 30 water samples were collected from 3 sampling locations (A, B and C) between October 2007 and April 2008. The Aeromonas count was 10-7050CFU/mL (A), 25-38,500CFU/mL (B) and<10CFU/mL (C) for water samples, and ∼100-37,500CFU/g (A), 1200-43,500CFU/g (B) and<10CFU/g (C) for sediment samples. Five species (Aeromonas caviae, A. sobria, A. trota, A. salmonicida and A. allosaccharophila) were identified among 41 isolates. All strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol and ceftriaxone, whereas 33 (80, 4%) strains were resistant to at least 2 of the 9 antibiotics tested. Resistance to erythromycin was mostly plasmidial. In conclusion, due to pollution, the Cocó River is contaminated by pathogenic strains of Aeromonas spp. with a high incidence of antibacterial resistance, posing a serious risk to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Magalhães Silva
- Federal University of Ceara, Pos-Graduate Program of Engineering of Fish, Av. Mister Hull, s/n, Campus do Pici, Bloco 848, 60021-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Norma Suely Evangelista-Barreto
- Federal University of Reconcavo Baiano CCAAB - Center for Research on Fisheries and Aquaculture (NEPA), Campus Universitário, 44380-000 Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Kamila Vieira Mendonça
- Institute of Marine Science, Av. da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Oscarina Viana de Sousa
- Institute of Marine Science, Av. da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Fernandes AM, Abdalhai MH, Ji J, Xi BW, Xie J, Sun J, Noeline R, Lee BH, Sun X. Development of highly sensitive electrochemical genosensor based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes-chitosan-bismuth and lead sulfide nanoparticles for the detection of pathogenic Aeromonas. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 63:399-406. [PMID: 25127474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we reported the construction of new high sensitive electrochemical genosensor based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes-chitosan-bismuth complex (MWCNT-Chi-Bi) and lead sulfide nanoparticles for the detection of pathogenic Aeromonas. Lead sulfide nanoparticles capped with 5'-(NH2) oligonucleotides thought amide bond was used as signalizing probe DNA (sz-DNA) and thiol-modified oligonucleotides sequence was used as fixing probe DNA (fDNA). The two probes hybridize with target Aeromonas DNA (tDNA) sequence (fDNA-tDNA-szDNA). The signal of hybridization is detected by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) after electrodeposition of released lead nanoparticles (PbS) from sz-DNA on the surface of glass carbon electrode decorated with MWCNT-Chi-Bi, which improves the deposition and traducing electrical signal. The optimization of incubation time, hybridization temperature, deposition potential, deposition time and the specificity of the probes were investigated. Our results showed the highest sensibility to detect the target gene when compared with related biosensors and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The detection limit for this biosensor was 1.0×10(-14) M. We could detect lower than 10(2) CFU mL(-1) of Aeromonas in spiked tap water. This method is rapid and sensitive for the detection of pathogenic bacteria and would become a potential application in biomedical diagnosis, food safety and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Maximiano Fernandes
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 7214122, China.
| | - Mandour H Abdalhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 7214122, China
| | - Jian Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 7214122, China
| | - Bing-Wen Xi
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jiadi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 7214122, China
| | - Rasoamandrary Noeline
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 7214122, China
| | - Byong H Lee
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiulan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 7214122, China.
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31
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Hussain IA, Jeyasekaran G, Shakila RJ, Raj KT, Jeevithan E. Detection of hemolytic strains of Aeromonas hydrophila and A . sobria along with other Aeromonas spp. from fish and fishery products by multiplex PCR. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2013; 51:401-7. [PMID: 24493904 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-1190-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hemolytic strains of Aeromonas spp. from fish and fishery products were detected by multiplex PCR. The selected primers for the amplification of segments of ahh1, asa1 and 16S rRNA gene yielded products with the size of 130 bp, 249 bp and 356 bp, respectively. This assay was found to be highly sensitive, as it could detect 7 and 9 cells of Aeromonas hydrophila and A. sobria with a detection limit of 1 pg of pure genomic DNA. The assay, when screened for 73 commercial fish and fishery product samples consisting of freshwater, marine fish and shellfish, showed 56 % positive for Aeromonas spp., 16 % for Aeromonas hydrophila and 13 % for A. sobria. This assay provides specific and reliable results and can be a powerful tool for the simultaneous detection of hemolytic strains of A. hydrophila A. sobria and other Aeromonas spp. from fish and fishery products.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Hussain
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fish Quality Monitoring and Certification Centre, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Tuticorin, 628 008 India
| | - G Jeyasekaran
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fish Quality Monitoring and Certification Centre, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Tuticorin, 628 008 India
| | - R Jeya Shakila
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fish Quality Monitoring and Certification Centre, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Tuticorin, 628 008 India
| | - K T Raj
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fish Quality Monitoring and Certification Centre, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Tuticorin, 628 008 India
| | - E Jeevithan
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fish Quality Monitoring and Certification Centre, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Tuticorin, 628 008 India
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32
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Maravić A, Skočibušić M, Šamanić I, Fredotović Ž, Cvjetan S, Jutronić M, Puizina J. Aeromonas spp. simultaneously harbouring blaCTX-M-15, blaSHV-12, blaPER-1 and blaFOX-2, in wild-growing Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from Adriatic Sea, Croatia. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 166:301-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Kregiel D, Berlowska J, Mizerska U, Fortuniak W, Chojnowski J, Ambroziak W. Chemical modification of polyvinyl chloride and silicone elastomer in inhibiting adhesion of Aeromonas hydrophila. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 29:1197-206. [PMID: 23397109 PMCID: PMC3683143 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1282-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Disease-causing bacteria of the genus Aeromonas are able to adhere to pipe materials, colonizing the surfaces and forming biofilms in water distribution systems. The aim of our research was to study how the modification of materials used commonly in the water industry can reduce bacterial cell attachment. Polyvinyl chloride and silicone elastomer surfaces were activated and modified with reactive organo-silanes by coupling or co-crosslinking silanes with the native material. Both the native and modified surfaces were tested using the bacterial strain Aeromonas hydrophila, which was isolated from the Polish water distribution system. The surface tension of both the native and modified surfaces was measured. To determine cell viability and bacterial adhesion two methods were used, namely plate count and luminometry. Results were expressed in colony-forming units (c.f.u.) and in relative light units (RLU) per cm(2). Almost all the chemically modified surfaces exhibited higher anti-adhesive and anti-microbial properties in comparison to the native surfaces. Among the modifying agents examined, poly[dimethylsiloxane-co-(N,N-dimethyl-N-n-octylammoniopropyl chloride) methylsiloxane)] terminated with hydroxydimethylsilyl groups (20 %) in silicone elastomer gave the most desirable results. The surface tension of this modifier, was comparable to the non-polar native surface. However, almost half of this value was due to the result of polar forces. In this case, in an adhesion analysis, only 1 RLU cm(-2) and less than 1 c.f.u. cm(-2) were noted. For the native gumosil, the results were 9,375 RLU cm(-2) and 2.5 × 10(8) c.f.u. cm(-2), respectively. The antibacterial activity of active organo-silanes was associated only with the carrier surface because no antibacterial compounds were detected in liquid culture media, in concentrations that were able to inhibit cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kregiel
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Technical University of Lodz, ul. Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
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Provincial L, Guillén E, Alonso V, Gil M, Roncalés P, Beltrán JA. Survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Aeromonas hydrophila in sea bream (Sparus aurata) fillets packaged under enriched CO(2) modified atmospheres. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 166:141-7. [PMID: 23860282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The ability to survive of two pathogens (Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Aeromonas hydrophila) spread over sea bream fillets packaged under different modified atmospheres (MAPs) was studied at 0°C and 4°C under refrigerated storage. The atmospheres used were 60% CO2/40% N2, 70% CO2/30% N2 and 80% CO2/20% N2 and a control batch packaged in air. Head space gas analyses, microbial counts and confirming test of pathogenic bacteria were carried out during 16days. The results obtained showed that all the modified atmospheres studied were effective to reduce the microbial load of sea bream fillets when compared with air packaged samples although small differences were found among MAPs. Temperature storage was the main factor to reduce microbial growth. V. parahaemolyticus was unable to grow at both temperatures, 0°C and 4°C (except air batches) while A. hydrophila showed significant growth at 4°C and microbial inactivation at 0°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Provincial
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Laboratory of Science and Technology of Meat and Fish, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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Igbinosa IH, Okoh AI. Detection and distribution of putative virulence associated genes inAeromonasspecies from freshwater and wastewater treatment plant. J Basic Microbiol 2013; 53:895-901. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201200351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isoken H. Igbinosa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology; University of Fort Hare; Alice South Africa
| | - Anthony I. Okoh
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology; University of Fort Hare; Alice South Africa
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Fontes M, Martins C, Martínez-Murcia A, Saavedra M. Phylogenetic Diversity ofAeromonasfrom “Alheira,” a Traditional Portuguese Meat Product. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2012; 9:713-8. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2011.1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M.C. Fontes
- Center of Studies in Animal and Veterinary Science (CECAV), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - C. Martins
- Center of Studies in Animal and Veterinary Science (CECAV), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - A.J. Martínez-Murcia
- Departament of Plant Production and Microbiology, University of Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - M.J. Saavedra
- Center of Studies in Animal and Veterinary Science (CECAV), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
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Pinto AD, Terio V, Pinto PD, Tantillo G. Detection of potentially pathogenic Aeromonas isolates from ready-to-eat seafood products by PCR analysis. Int J Food Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02835.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Figueira V, Vaz-Moreira I, Silva M, Manaia CM. Diversity and antibiotic resistance of Aeromonas spp. in drinking and waste water treatment plants. WATER RESEARCH 2011; 45:5599-611. [PMID: 21907383 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 08/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The taxonomic diversity and antibiotic resistance phenotypes of aeromonads were examined in samples from drinking and waste water treatment plants (surface, ground and disinfected water in a drinking water treatment plant, and raw and treated waste water) and tap water. Bacteria identification and intra-species variation were determined based on the analysis of the 16S rRNA, gyrB and cpn60 gene sequences. Resistance phenotypes were determined using the disc diffusion method. Aeromonas veronii prevailed in raw surface water, Aeromonas hydrophyla in ozonated water, and Aeromonas media and Aeromonas puntacta in waste water. No aeromonads were detected in ground water, after the chlorination tank or in tap water. Resistance to ceftazidime or meropenem was detected in isolates from the drinking water treatment plant and waste water isolates were intrinsically resistant to nalidixic acid. Most of the times, quinolone resistance was associated with the gyrA mutation in serine 83. The gene qnrS, but not the genes qnrA, B, C, D or qepA, was detected in both surface and waste water isolates. The gene aac(6')-ib-cr was detected in different waste water strains isolated in the presence of ciprofloxacin. Both quinolone resistance genes were detected only in the species A. media. This is the first study tracking antimicrobial resistance in aeromonads in drinking, tap and waste water and the importance of these bacteria as vectors of resistance in aquatic environments is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Figueira
- CBQF/Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
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Pablos M, Huys G, Cnockaert M, Rodríguez-Calleja J, Otero A, Santos J, García-López M. Identification and epidemiological relationships of Aeromonas isolates from patients with diarrhea, drinking water and foods. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 147:203-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yu CP, Chu KH. Molecular quantification of virulence gene-containing Aeromonas in water samples collected from different drinking water treatment processes. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2011; 176:225-238. [PMID: 20632090 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-010-1578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic species of Aeromonas produce a range of virulence factors, including aerolysin, cytotonic enterotoxins, and serine protease, to cause acute gastroenteritis and wound infections in humans and animals. Recognizing that not all Aeromonas strains are pathogenic, in this study, we proposed to evaluate Aeromonas removal effectiveness based on the presence of virulence gene-containing Aeromonas as a proper means to assess microbial risk of Aeromonas. We developed and applied real-time PCR assays to quantify serine protease (ser) gene- and heat-labile cytotonic enterotoxin (alt) gene-containing Aeromonas in water samples. Among 18 Aeromonas isolates from the source water, only three isolates possessed all three genes (aer, ser, and alt). A higher percent of isolates has either ser gene (89%) or alt gene (72%) compared to the percent of isolates containing aer gene (44%). Results of this study suggested that several different conventional and unconventional drinking water treatment processes could effectively remove Aeromonas from source water. As the comprehensive knowledge of the distribution of virulence factors in different Aeromonas species is currently not available, using real-time PCR to quantify various virulence factor genes in water samples and/or isolates can be a practical means for better assessment of microbial risks in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
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Phylogenetic identification of Aeromonas from pigs slaughtered for consumption in slaughterhouses at the North of Portugal. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 146:118-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 12/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Manaia CM, Vaz-Moreira I, Nunes OC. Antibiotic Resistance in Waste Water and Surface Water and Human Health Implications. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/698_2011_118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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New perspectives in monitoring drinking water microbial quality. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2010; 7:4179-202. [PMID: 21318002 PMCID: PMC3037048 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph7124179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The safety of drinking water is evaluated by the results obtained from faecal indicators during the stipulated controls fixed by the legislation. However, drinking-water related illness outbreaks are still occurring worldwide. The failures that lead to these outbreaks are relatively common and typically involve preceding heavy rain and inadequate disinfection processes. The role that classical faecal indicators have played in the protection of public health is reviewed and the turning points expected for the future explored. The legislation for protecting the quality of drinking water in Europe is under revision, and the planned modifications include an update of current indicators and methods as well as the introduction of Water Safety Plans (WSPs), in line with WHO recommendations. The principles of the WSP approach and the advances signified by the introduction of these preventive measures in the future improvement of dinking water quality are presented. The expected impact that climate change will have in the quality of drinking water is also critically evaluated.
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