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Brown SRB, Bland R, McIntyre L, Shyng S, Weisberg AJ, Riutta ER, Chang JH, Kovacevic J. Genomic characterization of Listeria monocytogenes recovered from dairy facilities in British Columbia, Canada from 2007 to 2017. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1304734. [PMID: 38585707 PMCID: PMC10995413 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1304734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen of concern in dairy processing facilities, with the potential to cause human illness and trigger regulatory actions if found in the product. Monitoring for Listeria spp. through environmental sampling is recommended to prevent establishment of these microorganisms in dairy processing environments, thereby reducing the risk of product contamination. To inform on L. monocytogenes diversity and transmission, we analyzed genome sequences of L. monocytogenes strains (n = 88) obtained through the British Columbia Dairy Inspection Program. Strains were recovered from five different dairy processing facilities over a 10 year period (2007-2017). Analysis of whole genome sequences (WGS) grouped the isolates into nine sequence types and 11 cgMLST types (CT). The majority of isolates (93%) belonged to lineage II. Within each CT, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) differences ranged from 0 to 237 between isolates. A highly similar (0-16 SNPs) cluster of over 60 isolates, collected over 9 years within one facility (#71), was identified suggesting a possible persistent population. Analyses of genome content revealed a low frequency of genes associated with stress tolerance, with the exception of widely disseminated cadmium resistance genes cadA1 and cadA2. The distribution of virulence genes and mutations within internalin genes varied across the isolates and facilities. Further studies are needed to elucidate their phenotypic effect on pathogenicity and stress response. These findings demonstrate the diversity of L. monocytogenes isolates across dairy facilities in the same region. Findings also showed the utility of using WGS to discern potential persistence events within a single facility over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Bland
- Food Innovation Center, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, United States
| | | | - Sion Shyng
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alexandra J. Weisberg
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Elizabeth R. Riutta
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jeff H. Chang
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jovana Kovacevic
- Food Innovation Center, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, United States
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2
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Bintsis T, Papademas P. Sustainable Approaches in Whey Cheese Production: A Review. DAIRY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/dairy4020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Whey cheeses have been produced from the very early steps of cheesemaking practices as a sustainable way to utilize whey, which is the main by-product of cheesemaking. Traditional whey cheeses, manufactured with similar processes, are Ricotta, Ricotta salata or Ricottone, and Ricotta fresca in Italy; Anthotyros, Myzithra, Manouri, Xynomyzithra, and Urda in Greece; Urda in Serbia and Romania as well as in other countries such as Israel; Lor in Turkey; Anari in Cyprus; Skuta in Croatia and Serbia; Gjetost and Brunost in Norway; Mesost and Messmör in Sweden; Mysuostur in Iceland; Myseost in Denmark; Requeijão in Portugal; and Requesón in Spain and Mexico. The production of whey cheese is based on the denaturation of whey proteins by heating to 88–92 °C. The specific processing conditions and aspects of the microbiology of whey cheeses are discussed. The special characteristics of whey cheeses, which are high pH and high moisture content, make them susceptible to microbial growth. Due to the limited shelf life of these products, extended research has been carried out to extend the shelf life of whey cheese. The sustainable preservation approaches, such as modified atmosphere packaging, addition of herbs and/or plant extracts, and bio-preservation methods are reviewed. Moreover, novel whey cheeses focused on functional properties have developed during the last 10 years.
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Schoder D, Guldimann C, Märtlbauer E. Asymptomatic Carriage of Listeria monocytogenes by Animals and Humans and Its Impact on the Food Chain. Foods 2022; 11:3472. [PMID: 36360084 PMCID: PMC9654558 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans and animals can become asymptomatic carriers of Listeria monocytogenes and introduce the pathogen into their environment with their feces. In turn, this environmental contamination can become the source of food- and feed-borne illnesses in humans and animals, with the food production chain representing a continuum between the farm environment and human populations that are susceptible to listeriosis. Here, we update a review from 2012 and summarize the current knowledge on the asymptomatic carrier statuses in humans and animals. The data on fecal shedding by species with an impact on the food chain are summarized, and the ways by which asymptomatic carriers contribute to the risk of listeriosis in humans and animals are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Schoder
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, Institute of Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Veterinarians without Borders Austria, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Guldimann
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Food Safety and Analytics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Erwin Märtlbauer
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Milk Hygiene, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
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Detection by real-time PCR and conventional culture of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes adhered to stainless steel surfaces under dry conditions. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Ricci A, Alinovi M, Martelli F, Bernini V, Garofalo A, Perna G, Neviani E, Mucchetti G. Heat Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes in Dairy Matrices Involved in Mozzarella di Bufala Campana PDO Cheese. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:581934. [PMID: 33488535 PMCID: PMC7815519 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.581934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of Listeria monocytogenes in Mozzarella di Bufala Campana Protected Designation of Origin cheeses may depend on curd stretching conditions and post contaminations before packaging. To avoid cross-contamination, thermal treatment of water, brines and covering liquid may become necessary. The present study aimed to improve knowledge about L. monocytogenes thermal resistance focusing on the influence of some cheese making operations, namely curd stretching and heat treatment of fluids in contact with cheese after molding, in order to improve the safety of the cheese, optimize efficacy and sustainability of the processes. Moreover, the role that cheese curd stretching plays in L. monocytogenes inactivation was discussed. The 12 tested strains showed a very heterogeneous heat resistance that ranged from 7 to less than 1 Log10 Cfu/mL reduction after 8 min at 60°C. D-values (decimal reduction times) and z-values (thermal resistance constant) calculated for the most heat resistant strain among 60 and 70°C were highly affected by the matrix and, in particular, heat resistance noticeably increased in drained cheese curd. As cheese curd stretching is not an isothermal process, to simulate the overall lethal effect of an industrial process a secondary model was built. The lethal effect of the process was estimated around 4 Log10 reductions. The data provided may be useful for fresh pasta filata cheese producers in determining appropriate processing durations and temperatures for producing safe cheeses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Ricci
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Alessandro Garofalo
- Research and Development, Consorzio Tutela Mozzarella di Bufala Campana DOP, Caserta, Italy
| | - Giampiero Perna
- Research and Development, Consorzio Tutela Mozzarella di Bufala Campana DOP, Caserta, Italy
| | - Erasmo Neviani
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Listeria monocytogenes Assessment in a Ready-to-Eat Salad Shelf-Life Study Using Conventional Culture-Based Methods, Genetic Profiling, and Propidium Monoazide Quantitative PCR. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020235. [PMID: 33498826 PMCID: PMC7911829 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is almost entirely transmitted through foods contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. Ready-to-eat foods present a particular challenge due to their long refrigerated shelf-life, not requiring any heat treatment before consumption. In this work, a shelf-life assessment of an industrially produced ready-to-eat salad was performed using conventional culture-based and molecular methods. L. monocytogenes isolates were confirmed and serogrouped using multiplex PCR, and genetic subtyping was performed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). PMAxx-qPCR was used as an alternative method for L. monocytogenes quantification in foods. Salad samples were kept at 4 °C, 12 °C, and 16 °C for eight days and analysed. At 4 °C, acceptable results were obtained considering hygiene indicators, i.e., Enterobacteriaceae (ranging from 3.55 ± 0.15 log cfu/g to 5.39 ± 0.21 log cfu/g) and aerobic mesophilic colony counts (5.91 ± 0.90 log cfu/g to 9.41 ± 0.58 log cfu/g) throughout the study, but the same did not happen at 12 °C and 16 °C. L. monocytogenes culture-based quantification exhibited low numbers (<1 log cfu/g) for all temperatures. From 30 presumptive isolates, 10 (33.3%) were confirmed as L. monocytogenes with the majority belonging to serogroup IVb. PFGE subtyping showed that 7 of the 10 L. monocytogenes isolates had 100% of pulsotype similarity, suggesting a possible common contamination source. PMAxx-qPCR revealed a statistically higher L. monocytogenes quantification (>3 log cfu/g) when compared to the conventional culture-based method, suggesting viable but non-culturable forms. Taken together, results underline the need to combine conventional methods with more sensitive, specific, and rapid ones for L. monocytogenes assessment in ready-to-eat foods shelf-life studies to reduce the potential risk for consumers.
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Heidarzadeh S, Pourmand MR, Hasanvand S, Pirjani R, Afshar D, Noori M, Soltan Dallal MM. Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Serotyping, and Molecular Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Pregnant Women with a History of Abortion. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 50:170-179. [PMID: 34178776 PMCID: PMC8213617 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v50i1.5084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Listeria monocytogenes show high mortality among pregnant women and newborns. This study aimed to detect L. monocytogenes in pregnant women with a history of abortion and assess the serotypes, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and its resistance genes. Methods: Overall, 400 vaginal swabs were taken from pregnant women with a history of abortion in the past few years in a tertiary care hospital in Tehran, Iran, during 2015–2018. Antibiotics susceptibility to a panel of 10 antibiotics was determined using the standard disk diffusion method and the isolates serotyped by the agglutination method. The antimicrobial-resistant isolates were also screened for the presence of tetM, ermB and dfrD genes by PCR. Results: Overall, 22 L. monocytogenes isolates were identified. High rates of resistance were observed for trimethoprim (50%; n=11), sulphamethoxazole (50%; n=11), tetracycline (45.45%; n=10) and gentamicin (36.36%; n=8). From 22 L. monocytogenes isolates, 13 (59.10 %), 5 (22.73%), 3 (13.63%) and 1 (4.54%) belonged to serotypes 4b, 1/2a, 1/2b, and 3c, respectively. The genetic determinant tetM was detected in 70% of the tetracycline-resistant isolates. Out of 11 trimethoprim-resistant isolates, 27.27% isolates contained dfrD. Moreover, the ermB gene was found in 83.33% of the erythromycin-resistant isolates. Conclusion: Ampicillin and partly penicillin consider to be suitable antimicrobial agents to treat human listeriosis. Moreover, due to resistance against many antibiotics, it is necessary to continue monitoring and managing antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Heidarzadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Pourmand
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Hasanvand
- Department of Microbiology, Damghan Branch, Science and Research Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Pirjani
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davoud Afshar
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Matina Noori
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kaptchouang Tchatchouang CD, Fri J, De Santi M, Brandi G, Schiavano GF, Amagliani G, Ateba CN. Listeriosis Outbreak in South Africa: A Comparative Analysis with Previously Reported Cases Worldwide. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E135. [PMID: 31963542 PMCID: PMC7023107 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria species are Gram-positive, rod-shaped, facultative anaerobic bacteria, which do not produce endospores. The genus, Listeria, currently comprises 17 characterised species of which only two (L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii) are known to be pathogenic to humans. Food products and related processing environments are commonly contaminated with pathogenic species. Outbreaks and sporadic cases of human infections resulted in considerable economic loss. South Africa witnessed the world's largest listeriosis outbreak, characterised by a progressive increase in cases of the disease from January 2017 to July 2018. Of the 1060 laboratory-confirmed cases of listeriosis reported by the National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD), 216 deaths were recorded. Epidemiological investigations indicated that ready-to-eat processed meat products from a food production facility contaminated with L. monocytogenes was responsible for the outbreak. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) revealed that a large proportion (91%) of the isolates from patients were sequence type 6 (ST6). Recent studies revealed a recurrent occurrence of small outbreaks of listeriosis with more severe side-effects in humans. This review provides a comparative analysis of a recently reported and most severe outbreak of listeriosis in South Africa, with those previously encountered in other countries worldwide. The review focuses on the transmission of the pathogen, clinical symptoms of the disease and its pathogenicity. The review also focuses on the major outbreaks of listeriosis reported in different parts of the world, sources of contamination, morbidity, and mortality rates as well as cost implications. Based on data generated during the outbreak of the disease in South Africa, listeriosis was added to the South African list of mandatory notifiable medical conditions. Surveillance systems were strengthened in the South African food chain in order to assist in preventing and facilitating early detection of both sporadic cases and outbreaks of infections caused by these pathogens in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justine Fri
- Department of Microbiology, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; (C.-D.K.T.); (J.F.)
| | - Mauro De Santi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, via S. Chiara 27, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy; (M.D.S.); (G.B.); (G.A.)
- Department of Humanities, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, via Bramante 17, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy;
| | - Giorgio Brandi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, via S. Chiara 27, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy; (M.D.S.); (G.B.); (G.A.)
- Department of Humanities, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, via Bramante 17, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy;
| | | | - Giulia Amagliani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, via S. Chiara 27, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy; (M.D.S.); (G.B.); (G.A.)
| | - Collins Njie Ateba
- Department of Microbiology, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; (C.-D.K.T.); (J.F.)
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, Mafikeng 2735, South Africa
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9
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Comparative evaluation of impedanciometry combined with chromogenic agars or RNA hybridization and real-time PCR methods for the detection of L. monocytogenes in dry-cured ham. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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10
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Neha N, Anand S, Djira G, Kraus B, Sutariya S. Listeria cross contamination levels in raw ice cream mix can serve as a predictor of their potential presence as heat-injured cells. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:9659-9669. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Campagnollo FB, Gonzales-Barron U, Pilão Cadavez VA, Sant’Ana AS, Schaffner DW. Quantitative risk assessment of Listeria monocytogenes in traditional Minas cheeses: The cases of artisanal semi-hard and fresh soft cheeses. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Brown SRB, Millán-Borrero NC, Carbonella JC, Micheletti AJP, D'Amico DJ. Acidification of Model Cheese Brines To Control Listeria monocytogenes. J Food Prot 2018; 81:79-83. [PMID: 29271687 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cheese brines are often used for prolonged periods, with adjustments made only to pH and salt content. Pathogens, including Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes, have been shown to survive long periods in model and commercial brines under common brining conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the survival of L. monocytogenes in model cheese brines, with and without whey added at 2%, when acidified to a pH of 2 using food-grade acids. Survival in untreated brines over a 6-month period was also assessed. Cultures of L. monocytogenes were propagated to induce salt and acid tolerance prior to inoculation at ∼6 log CFU/mL into model brines (pH 5.2, 20% NaCl). Following a week-long adaption period at 12°C, inoculated brines were acidified to pH 2.0 within 15 min using either hydrochloric, acetic, citric, or lactic acid, held at that pH for up to 24 h, and neutralized prior to enumeration and enrichment. Overall, each acid treatment was capable of achieving ≥5-log reductions in L. monocytogenes counts within 135 min at pH 2. Hydrochloric acid required the lowest volume to achieve treatment pH and was the most effective treatment in the absence of whey. However, it was the least effective in the presence of whey. Acetic acid produced rapid inactivation in both brines but required impractical volumes of acid to reach the treatment pH. Citric acid was similarly effective in both brines but was the second least effective in terms of time to achieve a ≥5-log reduction. Although only slight and insignificant differences were observed, lactic acid appears to be the more practical and promising approach for the inactivation of L. monocytogenes in cheese brines by producing the most rapid inactivation in the presence and absence of whey. Acidification as a preventive control for L. monocytogenes could increase adoption of brine treatments by small-scale cheese producers, thereby reducing food safety risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R B Brown
- 1 Department of Animal Science, 302B Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, 1390 Storrs Road, U-4163
| | - Nathalia C Millán-Borrero
- 2 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, 91 North Eagleville Road, U-3125, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Carbonella
- 2 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, 91 North Eagleville Road, U-3125, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Anthony J P Micheletti
- 2 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, 91 North Eagleville Road, U-3125, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Dennis J D'Amico
- 1 Department of Animal Science, 302B Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, 1390 Storrs Road, U-4163
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14
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Wu S, Yu PL, Flint S. Persister cell formation of Listeria monocytogenes in response to natural antimicrobial agent nisin. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Alhogail S, Suaifan GA, Zourob M. Rapid colorimetric sensing platform for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes foodborne pathogen. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 86:1061-1066. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Bolocan AS, Nicolau AI, Alvarez-Ordóñez A, Borda D, Oniciuc EA, Stessl B, Gurgu L, Wagner M, Jordan K. Dynamics of Listeria monocytogenes colonisation in a newly-opened meat processing facility. Meat Sci 2016; 113:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Nyarko EB, Donnelly CW. Listeria monocytogenes: Strain Heterogeneity, Methods, and Challenges of Subtyping. J Food Sci 2015; 80:M2868-78. [PMID: 26588067 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne bacterial pathogen that is associated with 20% to 30% case fatality rate. L. monocytogenes is a genetically heterogeneous species, with a small fraction of strains (serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, 4b) implicated in human listeriosis. Monitoring and source tracking of L. monocytogenes involve the use of subtyping methods, with the performance of genetic-based methods found to be superior to phenotypic-based ones. Various methods have been used to subtype L. monocytogenes isolates, with the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) being the gold standard. Although PFGE has had a massive impact on food safety through the establishment of the PulseNet, there is no doubt that whole genome sequence (WGS) typing is accurate, has a discriminatory power superior to any known method, and allows genome-wide differences between strains to be quantified through the comparison of nucleotide sequences. This review focuses on the different techniques that have been used to type L. monocytogenes strains, their performance challenges, and the tremendous impact WGS typing could have on the food safety landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmond B Nyarko
- Dept. of Animal and Food Science, Univ. of Delaware, 044 Townsend Hall, 531 S. College Avenue, Newark, Del., 19716, U.S.A
| | - Catherine W Donnelly
- Dept. of Nutrition and Food Science, Univ. of Vermont, 109 Carrigan Drive, 256 Carrigan Wing, Burlington, Vt., 05405, U.S.A
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Law JWF, Ab Mutalib NS, Chan KG, Lee LH. An insight into the isolation, enumeration, and molecular detection of Listeria monocytogenes in food. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1227. [PMID: 26579116 PMCID: PMC4630303 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne pathogen that can cause listeriosis through the consumption of food contaminated with this pathogen. The ability of L. monocytogenes to survive in extreme conditions and cause food contaminations have become a major concern. Hence, routine microbiological food testing is necessary to prevent food contamination and outbreaks of foodborne illness. This review provides insight into the methods for cultural detection, enumeration, and molecular identification of L. monocytogenes in various food samples. There are a number of enrichment and plating media that can be used for the isolation of L. monocytogenes from food samples. Enrichment media such as buffered Listeria enrichment broth, Fraser broth, and University of Vermont Medium (UVM) Listeria enrichment broth are recommended by regulatory agencies such as Food and Drug Administration-bacteriological and analytical method (FDA-BAM), US Department of Agriculture-Food and Safety (USDA-FSIS), and International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Many plating media are available for the isolation of L. monocytogenes, for instance, polymyxin acriflavin lithium-chloride ceftazidime aesculin mannitol, Oxford, and other chromogenic media. Besides, reference methods like FDA-BAM, ISO 11290 method, and USDA-FSIS method are usually applied for the cultural detection or enumeration of L. monocytogenes. most probable number technique is applied for the enumeration of L. monocytogenes in the case of low level contamination. Molecular methods including polymerase chain reaction, multiplex polymerase chain reaction, real-time/quantitative polymerase chain reaction, nucleic acid sequence-based amplification, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, DNA microarray, and next generation sequencing technology for the detection and identification of L. monocytogenes are discussed in this review. Overall, molecular methods are rapid, sensitive, specific, time- and labor-saving. In future, there are chances for the development of new techniques for the detection and identification of foodborne with improved features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi Woan-Fei Law
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash UniversityBandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | | | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash UniversityBandar Sunway, Malaysia
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Välimaa AL, Tilsala-Timisjärvi A, Virtanen E. Rapid detection and identification methods for Listeria monocytogenes in the food chain – A review. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Jadhav S, Gulati V, Fox EM, Karpe A, Beale DJ, Sevior D, Bhave M, Palombo EA. Rapid identification and source-tracking of Listeria monocytogenes using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 202:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Tiwari U, Cummins E, Valero A, Walsh D, Dalmasso M, Jordan K, Duffy G. Farm to Fork Quantitative Risk Assessment of Listeria monocytogenes Contamination in Raw and Pasteurized Milk Cheese in Ireland. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2015; 35:1140-1153. [PMID: 25850713 DOI: 10.1111/risa.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to model and quantify the level of Listeria monocytogenes in raw milk cheese (RMc) and pasteurized milk cheese (PMc) from farm to fork using a Bayesian inference approach combined with a quantitative risk assessment. The modeling approach included a prediction of contamination arising from the farm environment as well from cross-contamination within the cheese-processing facility through storage and subsequent human exposure. The model predicted a high concentration of L. monocytogenes in contaminated RMc (mean 2.19 log10 CFU/g) compared to PMc (mean -1.73 log10 CFU/g). The mean probability of illness (P1 for low-risk population, LR) and (P2 for high-risk population, HR, e.g., immunocompromised) adult Irish consumers following exposure to contaminated cheese was 7 × 10(-8) (P1 ) and 9 × 10(-4) (P2 ) for RMc and 7 × 10(-10) (P1 ) and 8 × 10(-6) (P2 ) for PMc, respectively. In addition, the model was used to evaluate performance objectives at various stages, namely, the cheese making and ripening stages, and to set a food safety objective at the time of consumption. A scenario analysis predicted various probabilities of L. monocytogenes contamination along the cheese-processing chain for both RMc and PMc. The sensitivity analysis showed the critical factors for both cheeses were the serving size of the cheese, storage time, and temperature at the distribution stage. The developed model will allow food processors and policymakers to identify the possible routes of contamination along the cheese-processing chain and to reduce the risk posed to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Tiwari
- Teagasc Food Research Food Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Enda Cummins
- School of Biosystems Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Antonio Valero
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Des Walsh
- Teagasc Food Research Food Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marion Dalmasso
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Kieran Jordan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
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22
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Muhterem-Uyar M, Dalmasso M, Bolocan AS, Hernandez M, Kapetanakou AE, Kuchta T, Manios SG, Melero B, Minarovičová J, Nicolau AI, Rovira J, Skandamis PN, Jordan K, Rodríguez-Lázaro D, Stessl B, Wagner M. Environmental sampling for Listeria monocytogenes control in food processing facilities reveals three contamination scenarios. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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Dalmasso M, Jordan K. PFGE as a tool to track Listeria monocytogenes in food processing facilities: case studies. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1301:29-34. [PMID: 25862045 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2599-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of PFGE to track Listeria monocytogenes strains from the food processing environment to the food is explained in this chapter through two case studies. This illustrates the usefulness of this method to identify putative routes of contamination and persistent strains and to help in the implementation of corrective actions in food processing facilities to control the occurrence of this pathogenic bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Dalmasso
- Department of Microbiology & Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland,
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24
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Rückerl I, Muhterem-Uyar M, Muri-Klinger S, Wagner KH, Wagner M, Stessl B. L. monocytogenes in a cheese processing facility: Learning from contamination scenarios over three years of sampling. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 189:98-105. [PMID: 25136788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the changing patterns of Listeria monocytogenes contamination in a cheese processing facility manufacturing a wide range of ready-to-eat products. Characterization of L. monocytogenes isolates included genotyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Disinfectant-susceptibility tests and the assessment of L. monocytogenes survival in fresh cheese were also conducted. During the sampling period between 2010 and 2013, a total of 1284 environmental samples were investigated. Overall occurrence rates of Listeria spp. and L. monocytogenes were 21.9% and 19.5%, respectively. Identical L. monocytogenes genotypes were found in the food processing environment (FPE), raw materials and in products. Interventions after the sampling events changed contamination scenarios substantially. The high diversity of globally, widely distributed L. monocytogenes genotypes was reduced by identifying the major sources of contamination. Although susceptible to a broad range of disinfectants and cleaners, one dominant L. monocytogenes sequence type (ST) 5 could not be eradicated from drains and floors. Significantly, intense humidity and steam could be observed in all rooms and water residues were visible on floors due to increased cleaning strategies. This could explain the high L. monocytogenes contamination of the FPE (drains, shoes and floors) throughout the study (15.8%). The outcome of a challenge experiment in fresh cheese showed that L. monocytogenes could survive after 14days of storage at insufficient cooling temperatures (8 and 16°C). All efforts to reduce L. monocytogenes environmental contamination eventually led to a transition from dynamic to stable contamination scenarios. Consequently, implementation of systematic environmental monitoring via in-house systems should either aim for total avoidance of FPE colonization, or emphasize a first reduction of L. monocytogenes to sites where contamination of the processed product is unlikely. Drying of surfaces after cleaning is highly recommended to facilitate the L. monocytogenes eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Rückerl
- Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - M Muhterem-Uyar
- Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - S Muri-Klinger
- Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - K-H Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - M Wagner
- Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Food Analysis, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - B Stessl
- Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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25
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Detection of Listeria in milk using non-targeted metabolic profiling of Listeria monocytogenes: A proof-of-concept application. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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26
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Meloni D, Consolati SG, Mazza R, Mureddu A, Fois F, Piras F, Mazzette R. Presence and molecular characterization of the major serovars of Listeria monocytogenes in ten Sardinian fermented sausage processing plants. Meat Sci 2014; 97:443-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Analysis of ERIC-PCR genomic polymorphism of Salmonella isolates from chicken slaughter line. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Fusco V, Quero GM. Culture-Dependent and Culture-Independent Nucleic-Acid-Based Methods Used in the Microbial Safety Assessment of Milk and Dairy Products. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014; 13:493-537. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzina Fusco
- Nal. Research Council of Italy; Inst. of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA); Bari Italy
| | - Grazia Marina Quero
- Nal. Research Council of Italy; Inst. of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA); Bari Italy
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29
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Dalmasso M, Bolocan AS, Hernandez M, Kapetanakou AE, Kuchta T, Manios SG, Melero B, Minarovičová J, Muhterem M, Nicolau AI, Rovira J, Skandamis PN, Stessl B, Wagner M, Jordan K, Rodríguez-Lázaro D. Comparison of polymerase chain reaction methods and plating for analysis of enriched cultures of Listeria monocytogenes when using the ISO11290-1 method. J Microbiol Methods 2013; 98:8-14. [PMID: 24384162 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Analysis for Listeria monocytogenes by ISO11290-1 is time-consuming, entailing two enrichment steps and subsequent plating on agar plates, taking five days without isolate confirmation. The aim of this study was to determine if a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay could be used for analysis of the first and second enrichment broths, saving four or two days, respectively. In a comprehensive approach involving six European laboratories, PCR and traditional plating of both enrichment broths from the ISO11290-1 method were compared for the detection of L. monocytogenes in 872 food, raw material and processing environment samples from 13 different dairy and meat food chains. After the first and second enrichments, total DNA was extracted from the enriched cultures and analysed for the presence of L. monocytogenes DNA by PCR. DNA extraction by chaotropic solid-phase extraction (spin column-based silica) combined with real-time PCR (RTi-PCR) was required as it was shown that crude DNA extraction applying sonication lysis and boiling followed by traditional gel-based PCR resulted in fewer positive results than plating. The RTi-PCR results were compared to plating, as defined by the ISO11290-1 method. For first and second enrichments, 90% of the samples gave the same results by RTi-PCR and plating, whatever the RTi-PCR method used. For the samples that gave different results, plating was significantly more accurate for detection of positive samples than RTi-PCR from the first enrichment, but RTi-PCR detected a greater number of positive samples than plating from the second enrichment, regardless of the RTi-PCR method used. RTi-PCR was more accurate for non-food contact surface and food contact surface samples than for food and raw material samples especially from the first enrichment, probably because of sample matrix interference. Even though RTi-PCR analysis of the first enrichment showed less positive results than plating, in outbreak scenarios where a rapid result is required, RTi-PCR could be an efficient way to get a preliminary result to be then confirmed by plating. Using DNA extraction from the second enrichment broth followed by RTi-PCR was reliable and a confirmed result could be obtained in three days, as against seven days by ISO11290-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Dalmasso
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Andrei Sorin Bolocan
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Romania
| | | | | | - Tomáš Kuchta
- Food Research Institute, Priemyselná 4, 824 75 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stavros G Manios
- Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Meryem Muhterem
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anca Ioana Nicolau
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Romania
| | | | | | - Beatrix Stessl
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Wagner
- Institute for Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kieran Jordan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
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30
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Abstract
Each cheese producer is responsible by the legislation for the number ofListeria monocytogenesin cheese and is required to prove that numbers will not exceed 100 cfu/g throughout the shelf-life of the cheese. Even in the case of hard-cheese such as Cheddar cheese, the absence of growth ofList. monocytogenesduring ripening has to be demonstrated to comply with EU legislation. Studies dedicated to assessingList. monocytogenesgrowth throughout cheese shelf-life are generally based on artificially contaminated cheeses. Contrary to the majority of works, the current study focused on the growth ofList. monocytogenesin naturally contaminated raw milk farmhouse Cheddar cheeses during a five-month ripening period.List. monocytogenesgrowth was assessed by direct count and its presence was detected by enrichment in two naturally contaminated cheese batches. In order to track routes of contamination, 199 processing environment samples from inside and outside the processing facility were taken, and their analysis for the presence ofList. monocytogeneswas performed on four occasions over a 9-month period.List. monocytogenesisolates were differentiated using PFGE and serotyping.List. monocytogenesnever exceeded 20 cfu/g in the cheeses and could not be detected after five months of ripening. Eleven pulsotypes were identified. One pulsotype was found in the yard outside the processing facility, in a vat, on the processing area floor and in a cheese. This indicated that the outside environment constitutes a potential source of contamination of the processing environment and of the cheese. These results demonstrate that this farmhouse Cheddar cheese does not supportList. monocytogenesgrowth and suggests that the efforts to reduce processing environment contamination are worthwhile.
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31
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Jadhav S, Sevior D, Bhave M, Palombo EA. Detection of Listeria monocytogenes from selective enrichment broth using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. J Proteomics 2013; 97:100-6. [PMID: 24080423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Conventional methods used for primary detection of Listeria monocytogenes from foods and subsequent confirmation of presumptive positive samples involve prolonged incubation and biochemical testing which generally require four to five days to obtain a result. In the current study, a simple and rapid proteomics-based MALDI-TOF MS approach was developed to detect L. monocytogenes directly from selective enrichment broths. Milk samples spiked with single species and multiple species cultures were incubated in a selective enrichment broth for 24h, followed by an additional 6h secondary enrichment. As few as 1 colony-forming unit (cfu) of L. monocytogenes per mL of initial selective broth culture could be detected within 30h. On applying the same approach to solid foods previously implicated in listeriosis, namely chicken pâté, cantaloupe and Camembert cheese, detection was achieved within the same time interval at inoculation levels of 10cfu/mL. Unlike the routine application of MALDI-TOF MS for identification of bacteria from solid media, this study proposes a cost-effective and time-saving detection scheme for direct identification of L. monocytogenes from broth cultures.This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Trends in Microbial Proteomics. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Globally, foodborne diseases are major causes of illness and fatalities in humans. Hence, there is a continual need for reliable and rapid means for pathogen detection from food samples. Recent applications of MALDI-TOF MS for diagnostic microbiology focused on detection of microbes from clinical specimens. However, the current study has emphasized its use as a tool for detecting the major foodborne pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes, directly from selective enrichment broths. This proof-of-concept study proposes a detection scheme that is more rapid and simple compared to conventional methods of Listeria detection. Very low levels of the pathogen could be identified from different food samples post-enrichment in selective enrichment broths. Use of this scheme will facilitate rapid and cost-effective testing for this important foodborne pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Jadhav
- Environment and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn 3122 Victoria, Australia
| | - Danielle Sevior
- bioMérieux Australia Pty Ltd, Unit 25 Parkview Business Centre, 1 Maitland Place, Baulkham Hills, NSW 2153, Australia
| | - Mrinal Bhave
- Environment and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn 3122 Victoria, Australia
| | - Enzo A Palombo
- Environment and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn 3122 Victoria, Australia.
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32
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DNase I and Proteinase K eliminate DNA from injured or dead bacteria but not from living bacteria in microbial reference systems and natural drinking water biofilms for subsequent molecular biology analyses. J Microbiol Methods 2013; 94:161-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Achilleos C, Berthier F. Quantitative PCR for the specific quantification of Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus paracasei and its interest for Lactococcus lactis in cheese samples. Food Microbiol 2013; 36:286-95. [PMID: 24010609 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2013.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The first objective of this work was to develop real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays to quantify two species of mesophilic lactic acid bacteria technologically active in food fermentation, including cheese making: Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus paracasei. The second objective was to compare qPCR and plate counts of these two species in cheese samples. Newly designed primers efficiently amplified a region of the tuf gene from the target species. Sixty-three DNA samples from twenty different bacterial species, phylogenetically related or commonly found in raw milk and dairy products, were selected as positive and negative controls. Target DNA was successfully amplified showing a single peak on the amplicon melting curve; non-target DNA was not amplified. Quantification was linear over 5 log units (R(2) > 0.990), down to 22 gene copies/μL per well for Lc. lactis and 73 gene copies/μL per well for Lb. paracasei. qPCR efficiency ranged from 82.9% to 93.7% for Lc. lactis and from 81.1% to 99.5% for Lb. paracasei. At two stages of growth, Lc. lactis was quantified in 12 soft cheeses and Lb. paracasei in 24 hard cooked cheeses. qPCR proved to be useful for quantifying Lc. lactis, but not Lb. paracasei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Achilleos
- INRA, UR342 Technologie et Analyses Laitières, BP 20089, F-39800 Poligny, France.
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34
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Kuan C, Goh S, Loo Y, Chang W, Lye Y, Puspanadan S, Tang J, Nakaguchi Y, Nishibuchi M, Mahyudin N, Radu S. Prevalence and quantification ofListeria monocytogenes in chicken offal at the retail level in Malaysia. Poult Sci 2013; 92:1664-9. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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35
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Lee HY, Chai LC, Pui CF, Mustafa S, Cheah YK, Nishibuchi M, Radu S. Formation of biofilm by Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19112 at different incubation temperatures and concentrations of sodium chloride. Braz J Microbiol 2013; 44:51-5. [PMID: 24159283 PMCID: PMC3804177 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822013005000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation can lead to various consequences in the food processing line such as contamination and equipment breakdowns. Since formation of biofilm can occur in various conditions; this study was carried out using L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 and its biofilm formation ability tested under various concentrations of sodium chloride and temperatures. Cultures of L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 were placed in 96-well microtitre plate containing concentration of sodium chloride from 1–10% (w/v) and incubated at different temperature of 4 °C, 30 °C and 45 °C for up to 60 h. Absorbance reading of crystal violet staining showed the density of biofilm formed in the 96-well microtitre plates was significantly higher when incubated in 4 °C. The formation of biofilm also occurs at a faster rate at 4 °C and higher optical density (OD 570 nm) was observed at 45 °C. This shows that storage under formation of biofilm that may lead to a higher contamination along the processing line in the food industry. Formation of biofilm was found to be more dependent on temperature compared to sodium chloride stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Lee
- Centre of Excellence for Food Safety Research, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. ; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan
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36
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Spanu C, Spanu V, Pala C, Virdis S, Scarano C, De Santis E. Evaluation of a post-lethality treatment against Listeria monocytogenes on Ricotta salata cheese. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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37
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Jadhav S, Bhave M, Palombo EA. Methods used for the detection and subtyping of Listeria monocytogenes. J Microbiol Methods 2012; 88:327-41. [PMID: 22261140 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen responsible for non-invasive and invasive diseases in the elderly, pregnant women, neonates and immunocompromised populations. This bacterium has many similarities with other non-pathogenic Listeria species which makes its detection from food and environmental samples challenging. Subtyping of L. monocytogenes strains can prove to be crucial in epidemiological investigations, source tracking contamination from food processing plants and determining evolutionary relationships between different strains. In recent years there has been a shift towards the use of molecular subtyping. This has led to the development of new subtyping techniques such as multi-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and multi-locus sequence based typing (MLST). This review focuses on the available methods for Listeria detection including immuno-based techniques and the more recently developed molecular methods and analytical techniques such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight based mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). It also includes a comparison and critical analysis of the available phenotypic and genotypic subtyping techniques that have been investigated for L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Jadhav
- Environment and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn 3122, Victoria, Australia
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38
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The challenge of merging food safety diagnostic needs with quantitative PCR platforms. Trends Food Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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39
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Rantsiou K, Greppi A, Garosi M, Acquadro A, Mataragas M, Cocolin L. Strain dependent expression of stress response and virulence genes of Listeria monocytogenes in meat juices as determined by microarray. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 152:116-22. [PMID: 21924790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A subgenomic array, encompassing 54 probes targeting genes responsible for virulence, adhesion and stress response in Listeria monocytogenes, was used in order to study their expression in food systems. RNA extracted from L. monocytogenes inoculated in BHI and in situ (i.e. in minced meat and fermented sausage juices) and incubated at 4°C, was hybridized on the array and the results obtained were compared in order to understand the effect that the food juice has on the expression. Three different strains of L. monocytogenes were tested, in order to determine the effect of the strain provenience. As determined by cluster analysis, each strain behaved in a different way when inoculated in food juices. The goal was to respond to acidic and osmotic stresses encountered in the food, particularly in the fermented sausage juice. No differences in the expression profile between the three strains were observed, when they were inoculated in BHI. On the other hand, in the meat and sausage juices, the iap, gadC and gadE genes, together with different internalin encoding genes, were significantly differentially expressed in the three strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Rantsiou
- Dipartimento di Valorizzazione e Protezione delle Risorse Agroforestali, Section of Agricultural Microbiology and Food Technology, Facoltà di Agraria, Università di Torino, Italy.
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Zunabovic M, Domig KJ, Kneifel W. Practical relevance of methodologies for detecting and tracing of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods and manufacture environments – A review. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2010.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jakobsen M. Introduction to supplement issue PathogenCombat: reducing food borne disease in Europe--control and prevention of emerging pathogens at cellular and molecular level throughout the food chain. Int J Food Microbiol 2010; 141 Suppl 1:S1-3. [PMID: 20638144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mogens Jakobsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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Osés S, Rantsiou K, Cocolin L, Jaime I, Rovira J. Prevalence and quantification of Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli along the lamb food chain by quantitative PCR. Int J Food Microbiol 2010; 141 Suppl 1:S163-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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