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Ryu J, Choi Y, Yoon Y. Comparison of genetic variations between high- and low-risk Listeria monocytogenes isolates using whole-genome de novo sequencing. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1163841. [PMID: 37533826 PMCID: PMC10393277 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1163841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, genetic variations and characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes isolates from enoki mushrooms (23), smoked ducks (7), and processed ground meat products (30) were examined with respect to hemolysis, virulence genes, growth patterns, and heat resistance. The isolates that showed the highest pathogenicity and the lowest pathogenicity were analyzed to obtain the whole-genome sequence, and the sequences were further analyzed to identify genetic variations in virulence, low-temperature growth-related, and heat resistance-related factors. All isolates had β-hemolysis and virulence genes (actA, hlyA, inlA, inlB, and plcB). At low temperatures, isolates with high growth (L. monocytogenes strains SMFM 201803 SD 1-1, SMFM 201803 SD 4-2, and SMFM 201804 SD 5-3) and low growth (L. monocytogenes strains SMFM 2019-FV43, SMFM 2019-FV42, and SMFM 2020-BT30) were selected. Among them, L. monocytogenes SMFM 201804 SD 5-3 showed the highest resistance at 60°C and 70°C. The strains SMFM 201804 SD 5-3 (high-risk) and SMFM 2019-FV43 (low-risk) harbored 45 virulence genes; 41 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were identified between these two isolates. A comparison of 26 genes related to low-temperature growth revealed 18 SNVs between these two isolates; a comparison of the 21 genes related to heat resistance revealed 16 SNVs. These results indicate that the differences in the pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes SMFM 201804 SD 5-3 and L. monocytogenes SMFM 2019-FV43 are associated with the SNVs identified in virulence genes, low-temperature growth-related genes, and heat resistance-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Ryu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yukyung Choi
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohan Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Park KM, Kim HJ, Kim MS, Koo M. Morphological Features and Cold-Response Gene Expression in Mesophilic Bacillus cereus Group and Psychrotolerant Bacillus cereus Group under Low Temperature. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061255. [PMID: 34207706 PMCID: PMC8229767 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
At low temperatures, psychrotolerant B. cereus group strains exhibit a higher growth rate than mesophilic strains do. However, the different survival responses of the psychrotolerant strain (BCG34) and the mesophilic strain (BCGT) at low temperatures are unclear. We investigated the morphological and genomic features of BCGT and BCG34 to characterize their growth strategies at low temperatures. At low temperatures, morphological changes were observed only in BCGT. These morphological changes included the elongation of rod-shaped cells, whereas the cell shape in BCG34 was unchanged at the low temperature. A transcriptomic analysis revealed that both species exhibited different growth-related traits during low-temperature growth. The BCGT strain induces fatty acid biosynthesis, sulfur assimilation, and methionine and cysteine biosynthesis as a survival mechanism in cold systems. Increases in energy metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis in the mesophilic B. cereus group strain might explain its ability to grow at low temperatures. Several pathways involved in carbohydrate mechanisms were downregulated to conserve the energy required for growth. Peptidoglycan biosynthesis was upregulated, implying that a change of gene expression in both RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR contributed to sustaining its growth and rod shape at low temperatures. These results improve our understanding of the growth response of the B. cereus group, including psychrotolerant B. cereus group strains, at low temperatures and provide information for improving bacterial inhibition strategies in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Min Park
- Department of Food Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; (K.-M.P.); (M.-S.K.)
| | - Hyun-Jung Kim
- Research Group of Consumer Safety, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Korea;
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Min-Sun Kim
- Department of Food Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; (K.-M.P.); (M.-S.K.)
| | - Minseon Koo
- Department of Food Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; (K.-M.P.); (M.-S.K.)
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence:
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3
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Kloska A, Cech GM, Sadowska M, Krause K, Szalewska-Pałasz A, Olszewski P. Adaptation of the Marine Bacterium Shewanella baltica to Low Temperature Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124338. [PMID: 32570789 PMCID: PMC7352654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine bacteria display significant versatility in adaptation to variations in the environment and stress conditions, including temperature shifts. Shewanella baltica plays a major role in denitrification and bioremediation in the marine environment, but is also identified to be responsible for spoilage of ice-stored seafood. We aimed to characterize transcriptional response of S. baltica to cold stress in order to achieve a better insight into mechanisms governing its adaptation. We exposed bacterial cells to 8 °C for 90 and 180 min, and assessed changes in the bacterial transcriptome with RNA sequencing validated with the RT-qPCR method. We found that S. baltica general response to cold stress is associated with massive downregulation of gene expression, which covered about 70% of differentially expressed genes. Enrichment analysis revealed upregulation of only few pathways, including aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, sulfur metabolism and the flagellar assembly process. Downregulation was observed for fatty acid degradation, amino acid metabolism and a bacterial secretion system. We found that the entire type II secretion system was transcriptionally shut down at low temperatures. We also observed transcriptional reprogramming through the induction of RpoE and repression of RpoD sigma factors to mediate the cold stress response. Our study revealed how diverse and complex the cold stress response in S. baltica is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kloska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (P.O.)
| | - Grzegorz M. Cech
- Department of Bacterial Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (G.M.C.); (M.S.); (K.K.); (A.S.-P.)
| | - Marta Sadowska
- Department of Bacterial Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (G.M.C.); (M.S.); (K.K.); (A.S.-P.)
| | - Klaudyna Krause
- Department of Bacterial Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (G.M.C.); (M.S.); (K.K.); (A.S.-P.)
| | - Agnieszka Szalewska-Pałasz
- Department of Bacterial Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (G.M.C.); (M.S.); (K.K.); (A.S.-P.)
| | - Paweł Olszewski
- 3P Medicine Laboratory, International Research Agenda, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (P.O.)
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4
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Qian H, Li W, Guo L, Tan L, Liu H, Wang J, Pan Y, Zhao Y. Stress Response of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Listeria monocytogenes Biofilms to Different Modified Atmospheres. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:23. [PMID: 32153513 PMCID: PMC7044124 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The sessile biofilms of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Listeria monocytogenes have increasingly become a critical threat in seafood safety. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of modified atmospheres on the formation ability of V. parahaemolyticus and L. monocytogenes biofilms. The stress responses of bacterial biofilm formation to modified atmospheres including anaerobiosis (20% carbon dioxide, 80% nitrogen), micro-aerobiosis (20% oxygen, 80% nitrogen), and aerobiosis (60% oxygen, 40% nitrogen) were illuminated by determining the live cells, chemical composition analysis, textural parameter changes, expression of regulatory genes, etc. Results showed that the biofilm formation ability of V. parahaemolyticus was efficiently decreased, supported by the fact that the modified atmospheres significantly reduced the key chemical composition [extracellular DNA (eDNA) and extracellular proteins] of the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and negatively altered the textural parameters (biovolume, thickness, and bio-roughness) of biofilms during the physiological conversion from anaerobiosis to aerobiosis, while the modified atmosphere treatment increased the key chemical composition of EPS and the textural parameters of L. monocytogenes biofilms from anaerobiosis to aerobiosis. Meanwhile, the expression of biofilm formation genes (luxS, aphA, mshA, oxyR, and opaR), EPS production genes (cpsA, cpsC, and cpsR), and virulence genes (vopS, vopD1, vcrD1, vopP2β, and vcrD2β) of V. parahaemolyticus was downregulated. For the L. monocytogenes cells, the expression of biofilm formation genes (flgA, flgU, and degU), EPS production genes (Imo2554, Imo2504, inlA, rmlB), and virulence genes (vopS, vopD1, vcrD1, vopP2β, and vcrD2β) was upregulated during the physiological conversion. All these results indicated that the modified atmospheres possessed significantly different regulation on the biofilm formation of Gram-negative V. parahaemolyticus and Gram-positive L. monocytogenes, which will provide a novel insight to unlock the efficient control of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in modified-atmosphere packaged food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linxia Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Tan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiquan Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Center of Food Thermal-Processing Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, China
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Verheyen D, Xu XM, Govaert M, Baka M, Skåra T, Van Impe JF. Food Microstructure and Fat Content Affect Growth Morphology, Growth Kinetics, and Preferred Phase for Cell Growth of Listeria monocytogenes in Fish-Based Model Systems. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e00707-19. [PMID: 31175191 PMCID: PMC6677851 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00707-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Food microstructure significantly affects microbial growth dynamics, but knowledge concerning the exact influencing mechanisms at a microscopic scale is limited. The food microstructural influence on Listeria monocytogenes (green fluorescent protein strain) growth at 10°C in fish-based food model systems was investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The model systems had different microstructures, i.e., liquid, xanthan (high-viscosity liquid), aqueous gel, and emulsion and gelled emulsion systems varying in fat content. Bacteria grew as single cells, small aggregates, and microcolonies of different sizes (based on colony radii [size I, 1.5 to 5.0 μm; size II, 5.0 to 10.0 μm; size III, 10.0 to 15.0 μm; and size IV, ≥15 μm]). In the liquid, small aggregates and size I microcolonies were predominantly present, while size II and III microcolonies were predominant in the xanthan and aqueous gel. Cells in the emulsions and gelled emulsions grew in the aqueous phase and on the fat-water interface. A microbial adhesion to solvent assay demonstrated limited bacterial nonpolar solvent affinities, implying that this behavior was probably not caused by cell surface hydrophobicity. In systems containing 1 and 5% fat, the largest cell volume was mainly represented by size I and II microcolonies, while at 10 and 20% fat a few size IV microcolonies comprised nearly the total cell volume. Microscopic results (concerning, e.g., growth morphology, microcolony size, intercolony distances, and the preferred phase for growth) were related to previously obtained macroscopic growth dynamics in the model systems for an L. monocytogenes strain cocktail, leading to more substantiated explanations for the influence of food microstructural aspects on lag phase duration and growth rate.IMPORTANCEListeria monocytogenes is one of the most hazardous foodborne pathogens due to the high fatality rate of the disease (i.e., listeriosis). In this study, the growth behavior of L. monocytogenes was investigated at a microscopic scale in food model systems that mimic processed fish products (e.g., fish paté and fish soup), and the results were related to macroscopic growth parameters. Many studies have previously focused on the food microstructural influence on microbial growth. The novelty of this work lies in (i) the microscopic investigation of products with a complex composition and/or structure using confocal laser scanning microscopy and (ii) the direct link to the macroscopic level. Growth behavior (i.e., concerning bacterial growth morphology and preferred phase for growth) was more complex than assumed in common macroscopic studies. Consequently, the effectiveness of industrial antimicrobial food preservation technologies (e.g., thermal processing) might be overestimated for certain products, which may have critical food safety implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Verheyen
- BioTeC+, Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
- OPTEC, Optimization in Engineering Center of Excellence, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
- CPMF, Flemish Cluster Predictive Microbiology in Foods, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xiang Ming Xu
- Centre for Organelle Research, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Marlies Govaert
- BioTeC+, Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
- OPTEC, Optimization in Engineering Center of Excellence, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
- CPMF, Flemish Cluster Predictive Microbiology in Foods, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maria Baka
- BioTeC+, Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
- OPTEC, Optimization in Engineering Center of Excellence, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
- CPMF, Flemish Cluster Predictive Microbiology in Foods, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Jan F Van Impe
- BioTeC+, Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
- OPTEC, Optimization in Engineering Center of Excellence, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
- CPMF, Flemish Cluster Predictive Microbiology in Foods, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
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6
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Santos T, Viala D, Chambon C, Esbelin J, Hébraud M. Listeria monocytogenes Biofilm Adaptation to Different Temperatures Seen Through Shotgun Proteomics. Front Nutr 2019; 6:89. [PMID: 31259174 PMCID: PMC6587611 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that can cause invasive severe human illness (listeriosis) in susceptible patients. Most human listeriosis cases appear to be caused by consumption of refrigerated ready-to-eat foods. Although initial contamination levels in foods are usually low, the ability of these bacteria to survive and multiply at low temperatures allows it to reach levels high enough to cause disease. This study explores the set of proteins that might have an association with L. monocytogenes adaptation to different temperatures. Cultures were grown in biofilm, the most widespread mode of growth in natural and industrial realms. Protein extractions were performed from three different growth temperatures (10, 25, and 37°C) and two growth phases (early stage and mature biofilm). L. monocytogenes subproteomes were targeted using three extraction methods: trypsin-enzymatic shaving, biotin-labeling and cell fractionation. The different subproteomes obtained were separated and analyzed by shotgun proteomics using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-OrbiTrap LTQVelos, ThermoFisher Scientific). A total of 141 (biotinylation), 98 (shaving) and 910 (fractionation) proteins were identified. Throughout the 920 unique proteins identified, many are connected to basic cell functions, but some are linked with thermoregulation. We observed some noteworthy protein abundance shifts associated with the major adaptation to cold mechanisms present in L. monocytogenes, namely: the role of ribosomes and the stressosome with a higher abundance of the general stress protein Ctc (Rl25) and the general stress transcription factor sigma B (σB), changes in cell fluidity and motility seen by higher levels of foldase protein PrsA2 and flagellin (FlaA), the uptake of osmolytes with a higher abundance of glycine betaine (GbuB) and carnitine transporters (OpucA), and the relevance of the overexpression of chaperone proteins such as cold shock proteins (CspLA and Dps). As for 37°C, we observed a significantly higher percentage of proteins associated with transcriptional or translational activity present in higher abundance upon comparison with the colder settings. These contrasts of protein expression throughout several conditions will enrich databases and help to model the regulatory circuitry that drives adaptation of L. monocytogenes to environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Santos
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UMR Microbiologie Environnement Digestif Santé (MEDiS), Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Didier Viala
- INRA, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, Composante Protéomique (PFEMcp), Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Christophe Chambon
- INRA, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, Composante Protéomique (PFEMcp), Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Julia Esbelin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UMR Microbiologie Environnement Digestif Santé (MEDiS), Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Michel Hébraud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UMR Microbiologie Environnement Digestif Santé (MEDiS), Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
- INRA, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, Composante Protéomique (PFEMcp), Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
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Eshwar AK, Guldimann C, Oevermann A, Tasara T. Cold-Shock Domain Family Proteins (Csps) Are Involved in Regulation of Virulence, Cellular Aggregation, and Flagella-Based Motility in Listeria monocytogenes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:453. [PMID: 29124040 PMCID: PMC5662587 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold shock-domain family proteins (Csps) are highly conserved nucleic acid binding proteins regulating the expression of various genes including those involved in stress resistance and virulence in bacteria. We show here that Csps are involved in virulence, cell aggregation and flagella-based extracellular motility of Listeria monocytogenes. A L. monocytogenes mutant deleted in all three csp genes (ΔcspABD) is attenuated with respect to human macrophage infection as well as virulence in a zebrafish infection model. Moreover, this mutant is incapable of aggregation and fails to express surface flagella or exhibit swarming motility. An evaluation of double csp gene deletion mutant (ΔcspBD, ΔcspAD and ΔcspAB) strains that produce single csp genes showed that there is redundancy as well as functional differences among the three L. monocytogenes Csps in their contributions to virulence, cellular aggregation, flagella production, and swarming motility. Protein and mRNA expression analysis further showed impaired expression of key virulence and motility genes in the csp mutants. Our observations at protein and mRNA level suggest Csp-dependent expression regulation of these genes at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. In a mutant lacking all csp genes (ΔcspABD) as well as those possessing single csp genes (ΔcspBD, ΔcspAD, and ΔcspAB) we detected reduced levels of proteins or activity as well as transcripts from the prfA, hly, mpl, and plcA genes suggesting a Csp-dependent transcriptional regulation of these genes. These csp mutants also had reduced or completely lacked ActA proteins and cell surface flagella but contained elevated actA and flaA mRNA levels compared to the parental wild type strain suggesting Csp involvement in post-transcriptional regulation of these genes. Overall, our results suggest that Csps contribute to the expression regulation of virulence and flagella-associated genes thereby promoting host pathogenicity, cell aggregation and flagella-based motility processes in L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athmanya K. Eshwar
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Guldimann
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Oevermann
- Neuropathology—Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Taurai Tasara
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Vivant AL, Desneux J, Pourcher AM, Piveteau P. Transcriptomic Analysis of the Adaptation of Listeria monocytogenes to Lagoon and Soil Matrices Associated with a Piggery Environment: Comparison of Expression Profiles. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1811. [PMID: 29018416 PMCID: PMC5623016 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how Listeria monocytogenes, the causative agent of listeriosis, adapts to the environment is crucial. Adaptation to new matrices requires regulation of gene expression. To determine how the pathogen adapts to lagoon effluent and soil, two matrices where L. monocytogenes has been isolated, we compared the transcriptomes of L. monocytogenes CIP 110868 20 min and 24 h after its transfer to effluent and soil extract. Results showed major variations in the transcriptome of L. monocytogenes in the lagoon effluent but only minor modifications in the soil. In both the lagoon effluent and in the soil, genes involved in mobility and chemotaxis and in the transport of carbohydrates were the most frequently represented in the set of genes with higher transcript levels, and genes with phage-related functions were the most represented in the set of genes with lower transcript levels. A modification of the cell envelop was only found in the lagoon environment. Finally, the differential analysis included a large proportion of regulators, regulons, and ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Vivant
- UR OPAALE, IRSTEA, Rennes, France
- Université Bretagne Loire, Rennes, France
| | - Jeremy Desneux
- UR OPAALE, IRSTEA, Rennes, France
- Université Bretagne Loire, Rennes, France
| | | | - Pascal Piveteau
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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9
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Pöntinen A, Markkula A, Lindström M, Korkeala H. Two-Component-System Histidine Kinases Involved in Growth of Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e at Low Temperatures. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:3994-4004. [PMID: 25841007 PMCID: PMC4524140 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00626-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-component systems (TCSs) aid bacteria in adapting to a wide variety of stress conditions. While the role of TCS response regulators in the cold tolerance of the psychrotrophic foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes has been demonstrated previously, no comprehensive studies showing the role of TCS histidine kinases of L. monocytogenes at low temperature have been performed. We compared the expression levels of each histidine kinase-encoding gene of L. monocytogenes EGD-e in logarithmic growth phase at 3°C and 37°C, as well as the expression levels 30 min, 3 h, and 7 h after cold shock at 5°C and preceding cold shock (at 37°C). We constructed a deletion mutation in each TCS histidine kinase gene, monitored the growth of the EGD-e wild-type and mutant strains at 3°C and 37°C, and measured the minimum growth temperature of each strain. Two genes, yycG and lisK, proved significant in regard to induced relative expression levels under cold conditions and cold-sensitive mutant phenotypes. Moreover, the ΔresE mutant showed a lower growth rate than that of wild-type EGD-e at 3°C. Eleven other genes showed upregulated gene expression but revealed no cold-sensitive phenotypes. The results show that the histidine kinases encoded by yycG and lisK are important for the growth and adaptation of L. monocytogenes EGD-e at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pöntinen
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annukka Markkula
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miia Lindström
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Korkeala
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Halbedel S, Reiss S, Hahn B, Albrecht D, Mannala GK, Chakraborty T, Hain T, Engelmann S, Flieger A. A systematic proteomic analysis of Listeria monocytogenes house-keeping protein secretion systems. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:3063-81. [PMID: 25056936 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.041327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a firmicute bacterium causing serious infections in humans upon consumption of contaminated food. Most of its virulence factors are secretory proteins either released to the medium or attached to the bacterial surface. L. monocytogenes encodes at least six different protein secretion pathways. Although great efforts have been made in the past to predict secretory proteins and their secretion routes using bioinformatics, experimental evidence is lacking for most secretion systems. Therefore, we constructed mutants in the main housekeeping protein secretion systems, which are the Sec-dependent transport, the YidC membrane insertases SpoIIIJ and YqjG, as well as the twin-arginine pathway, and analyzed their secretion and virulence defects. Our results demonstrate that Sec-dependent secretion and membrane insertion of proteins via YidC proteins are essential for viability of L. monocytogenes. Depletion of SecA or YidC activity severely affected protein secretion, whereas loss of the Tat-pathway was without any effect on secretion, viability, and virulence. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with protein identification by mass spectrometry revealed that secretion of many virulence factors and of enzymes synthesizing and degrading the cell wall depends on the SecA route. This finding was confirmed by SecA inhibition experiments using sodium azide. Analysis of secretion of substrates typically dependent on the accessory SecA2 ATPase in wild type and azide resistant mutants of L. monocytogenes revealed for the first time that SecA2-dependent protein secretion also requires the ATPase activity of the house-keeping SecA protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Halbedel
- From the ‡Robert Koch Institute, FG11 - Division of Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella, Burgstrasse 37, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany;
| | - Swantje Reiss
- §Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, F.-L.-Jahn-Strasse 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Birgit Hahn
- From the ‡Robert Koch Institute, FG11 - Division of Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella, Burgstrasse 37, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Dirk Albrecht
- §Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, F.-L.-Jahn-Strasse 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gopala Krishna Mannala
- ¶Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Gießen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Trinad Chakraborty
- ¶Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Gießen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Torsten Hain
- ¶Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Gießen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Susanne Engelmann
- §Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, F.-L.-Jahn-Strasse 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; ‖Institute of Microbiology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; **Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Microbial Proteomics, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Antje Flieger
- From the ‡Robert Koch Institute, FG11 - Division of Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella, Burgstrasse 37, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany;
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The CLO3403/CLO3404 two-component system of Clostridium botulinum E1 Beluga is important for cold shock response and growth at low temperatures. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 80:399-407. [PMID: 24185852 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03204-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to survive a temperature downshift, bacteria have to sense the changing environment and adjust their metabolism and structure. Two-component signal transduction systems (TCSs) play a central role in sensing and responding to many different environmental stimuli. Although the nonproteolytic (group II) Clostridium botulinum represents a major hazard in chilled foods, the cold adaption mechanisms of group II C. botulinum organisms are not known. Here, we show that the CLO3403/CLO3404 TCS of C. botulinum E1 Beluga is involved in the cold shock response and growth at 12°C. Cold shock induced the expression of the genes encoding the histidine kinase (clo3403) and the response regulator (clo3404) by more than 100-fold after 5 h relative to their expression in a nonshocked culture at the corresponding time point. The involvement of CLO3403/CLO3404 in growth at low temperature was demonstrated by impaired growth of the insertional clo3403 and clo3404 knockout mutants at 12°C compared to the growth of the wild-type culture. Additionally, the inactivation of clo3403 had a negative effect on motility. The growth efficiency at 12°C of the TCS mutants and the motility of the kinase mutants were restored by introducing a plasmid harboring the operon of the CLO3403/CLO3404 TCS. The results suggest that the CLO3403/CLO3404 TCS is important for the cold tolerance of C. botulinum E1 Beluga.
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Markkula A, Lindström M, Johansson P, Björkroth J, Korkeala H. Roles of four putative DEAD-box RNA helicase genes in growth of Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e under heat, pH, osmotic, ethanol, and oxidative stress conditions. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:6875-82. [PMID: 22820328 PMCID: PMC3457484 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01526-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine the role of the four putative DEAD-box RNA helicase genes of Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e in stress tolerance, the growth of the Δlmo0866, Δlmo1246, Δlmo1450, and Δlmo1722 deletion mutant strains at 42.5°C, at pH 5.6 or pH 9.4, in 6% NaCl, in 3.5% ethanol, and in 5 mM H(2)O(2) was studied. Restricted growth of the Δlmo0866 deletion mutant strain in 3.5% ethanol suggests that Lmo0866 contributes to ethanol stress tolerance of L. monocytogenes EGD-e. The Δlmo1450 mutant strain showed negligible growth at 42.5°C, at pH 9.4, and in 5 mM H(2)O(2) and a lower maximum growth temperature than the wild-type EGD-e, suggesting that Lmo1450 is involved in the tolerance of L. monocytogenes EGD-e to heat, alkali, and oxidative stresses. The altered stress tolerance of the Δlmo0866 and Δlmo1450 deletion mutant strains did not correlate with changes in relative expression levels of lmo0866 and lmo1450 genes under corresponding stresses, suggesting that Lmo0866- and Lmo1450-dependent tolerance to heat, alkali, ethanol, or oxidative stress is not regulated at the transcriptional level. Growth of the Δlmo1246 and Δlmo1722 deletion mutant strains did not differ from that of the wild-type EGD-e under any of the conditions tested, suggesting that Lmo1246 and Lmo1722 have no roles in the growth of L. monocytogenes EGD-e under heat, pH, osmotic, ethanol, or oxidative stress. This study shows that the putative DEAD-box RNA helicase genes lmo0866 and lmo1450 play important roles in tolerance of L. monocytogenes EGD-e to ethanol, heat, alkali, and oxidative stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annukka Markkula
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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