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Dinu LD, Al-Zaidi QJ, Matache AG, Matei F. Improving the Efficiency of Viability-qPCR with Lactic Acid Enhancer for the Selective Detection of Live Pathogens in Foods. Foods 2024; 13:1021. [PMID: 38611327 PMCID: PMC11012224 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic Escherichia coli are the most prevalent foodborne bacteria, and their accurate detection in food samples is critical for ensuring food safety. Therefore, a quick technique named viability-qPCR (v-qPCR), which is based on the ability of a selective dye, such as propidium monoazide (PMA), to differentiate between alive and dead cells, has been developed. Despite diverse, successful applications, v-qPCR is impaired by some practical limitations, including the ability of PMA to penetrate the outer membrane of dead Gram-negative bacteria. The objective of this study is to evaluate the ability of lactic acid (LA) to improve PMA penetration and, thus, the efficiency of v-qPCR in detecting the live fraction of pathogens. The pre-treatment of E. coli ATCC 8739 cells with 10 mM LA greatly increased PMA penetration into dead cells compared to conventional PMA-qPCR assay, avoiding false positive results. The limit of detection when using LA-PMA qPCR is 1% viable cells in a mixture of dead and alive cells. The optimized LA-PMA qPCR method was reliably able to detect log 2 CFU/mL culturable E. coli in milk spiked with viable and non-viable bacteria. Lactic acid is cheap, has low toxicity, and can be used to improve the efficiency of the v-qPCR assay, which is economically interesting for larger-scale pathogen detection applications intended for food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura-Dorina Dinu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 011464 Bucharest, Romania; (Q.J.A.-Z.); (A.G.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Quthama Jasim Al-Zaidi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 011464 Bucharest, Romania; (Q.J.A.-Z.); (A.G.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Adelina Georgiana Matache
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 011464 Bucharest, Romania; (Q.J.A.-Z.); (A.G.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Florentina Matei
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 011464 Bucharest, Romania; (Q.J.A.-Z.); (A.G.M.); (F.M.)
- Faculty of Food Industry and Tourism, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500015 Brasov, Romania
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2
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Zhuang L, Gong J, Zhao Y, Yang J, Liu G, Zhao B, Song C, Zhang Y, Shen Q. Progress in methods for the detection of viable Escherichia coli. Analyst 2024; 149:1022-1049. [PMID: 38273740 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01750h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a prevalent enteric bacterium and a necessary organism to monitor for food safety and environmental purposes. Developing efficient and specific methods is critical for detecting and monitoring viable E. coli due to its high prevalence. Conventional culture methods are often laborious and time-consuming, and they offer limited capability in detecting potentially harmful viable but non-culturable E. coli in the tested sample, which highlights the need for improved approaches. Hence, there is a growing demand for accurate and sensitive methods to determine the presence of viable E. coli. This paper scrutinizes various methods for detecting viable E. coli, including culture-based methods, molecular methods that target DNAs and RNAs, bacteriophage-based methods, biosensors, and other emerging technologies. The review serves as a guide for researchers seeking additional methodological options and aiding in the development of rapid and precise assays. Moving forward, it is anticipated that methods for detecting E. coli will become more stable and robust, ultimately contributing significantly to the improvement of food safety and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhuang
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 211102, P. R. China.
| | - Jiansen Gong
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 211102, P. R. China.
| | - Jianbo Yang
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, P. R. China.
| | - Guofang Liu
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Zhao
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, P. R. China.
| | - Chunlei Song
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 211102, P. R. China.
| | - Qiuping Shen
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, P. R. China.
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3
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Zhang N, Li J, Zhan Y, Wang K, Zhan Z, Wei H, Zhang Z. Acid-tolerant Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZDY2013 shows a colonization niche preference and interacts with enterotoxigenic Bacillus cereus in specific-pathogen-free mice. Food Funct 2023. [PMID: 37366339 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01468a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics have long been utilized as functional food and modulate gut microbial homeostasis, but their colonization niche is mostly unclear and transient, which restrains the development of microbiome-targeted strategies. Lactiplantibacillus (L.) plantarum ZDY2013 is an allochthonous species of the human gastrointestinal tract with acid-tolerant properties. It serves as an antagonistic agent against the food-borne pathogen Bacillus (B.) cereus and a potent regulator of the gut microbiota. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding the colonization dynamics of L. plantarum ZDY2013 in the host intestine and the colonization niche of its interaction with pathogens. Here, we designed a pair of specific primers targeting L. plantarum ZDY2013 based on its whole genome sequence. We evaluated their accuracy and sensitivity with other host-derived strains and confirmed their availability with artificially spiked fecal samples from different mouse models. Additionally, the content of L. plantarum ZDY2013 was quantified by qPCR in fecal samples from BALB/c mice, followed by the analysis of its colonization niche preference. Moreover, the interactions between L. plantarum ZDY2013 and enterotoxigenic B. cereus HN001 were also elucidated. The results revealed that the newly designed primers could identify L. plantarum ZDY2013 with high specificity and were resistant to the influence of the complex fecal matrix and gut microbes from different hosts. Interestingly, the content of mixed L. plantarum ZDY2013 and B. cereus HN001 when orally administered remained higher when compared with the single strain group in BALB/c mice upon discontinuation of intragastric administration. In addition, L. plantarum ZDY2013 was mainly enriched in the large intestine during the ingestion period and maintained the highest content in the stomach after discontinuing supplementation on day 7. Moreover, L. plantarum ZDY2013 colonization neither damaged the intestine nor ameliorated the damage triggered by B. cereus in BALB/c mice. Overall, our study constructed two efficient specific primers targeting L. plantarum ZDY2013 and provided the potential to explore the underlying mechanism of competition between L. plantarum ZDY2013 and pathogens in host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Jinmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Ying Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Kaiming Wang
- Department of Physiology, CEGIIR, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Zhongxu Zhan
- Jiangxi General Institute of Testing and Certification Food Testing Institute, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
- International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330299, China
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4
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Paramithiotis S. Molecular Targets for Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria Detection. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12010104. [PMID: 36678453 PMCID: PMC9865778 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The detection of foodborne pathogenic bacteria currently relies on their ability to grow on chemically defined liquid and solid media, which is the essence of the classical microbiological approach. Such procedures are time-consuming and the quality of the result is affected by the selectivity of the media employed. Several alternative strategies based on the detection of molecular markers have been proposed. These markers may be cell constituents, may reside on the cell envelope or may be specific metabolites. Each marker provides specific advantages and, at the same time, suffers from specific limitations. The food matrix and chemical composition, as well as the accompanying microbiota, may also severely compromise detection. The aim of the present review article is to present and critically discuss all available information regarding the molecular targets that have been employed as markers for the detection of foodborne pathogens. Their strengths and limitations, as well as the proposed alleviation strategies, are presented, with particular emphasis on their applicability in real food systems and the challenges that are yet to be effectively addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiros Paramithiotis
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., 11855 Athens, Greece
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5
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Rey MDLÁ, Rodriguez Racca A, Rossi Ribeiro L, Dos Santos Cruz F, Cap M, Mozgovoj MV, Cristianini M, Vaudagna SR. High‐pressure processing treatment of beef burgers: Effect on
Escherichia coli
O157 inactivation evaluated by plate count and PMA‐qPCR. J Food Sci 2022; 87:2324-2336. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María de los Ángeles Rey
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Sistemas Alimentarios Sustentables (UEDD INTA‐CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Anabel Rodriguez Racca
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Sistemas Alimentarios Sustentables (UEDD INTA‐CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Luma Rossi Ribeiro
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Brazil
- Quality and Safety of food and feed, Department of Horticultural Engineering Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy Potsdam Germany
| | - Fabiano Dos Santos Cruz
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Brazil
| | - Mariana Cap
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Sistemas Alimentarios Sustentables (UEDD INTA‐CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Marina Valeria Mozgovoj
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Sistemas Alimentarios Sustentables (UEDD INTA‐CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Marcelo Cristianini
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Brazil
| | - Sergio Ramón Vaudagna
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Instituto Tecnología de Alimentos Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Sistemas Alimentarios Sustentables (UEDD INTA‐CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina
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6
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Conventional and Emerging Techniques for Detection of Foodborne Pathogens in Horticulture Crops: a Leap to Food Safety. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-021-02730-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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A colorimetric lateral flow assay based on multiplex PCR for the rapid detection of viable Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium without enrichment. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Rey MDLÁ, Cap M, Favre LC, Rodríguez Racca A, Dus Santos MJ, Vaudagna SR, Mozgovoj M. Evaluation of PMA‐qPCR methodology to detect and quantify viable Shiga toxin‐producing
Escherichia coli
in beef burgers. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María de los Ángeles Rey
- Instituto Tecnología de AlimentosInstituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Sistemas Alimentarios Sustentables (UEDD INTA‐CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Mariana Cap
- Instituto Tecnología de AlimentosInstituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Sistemas Alimentarios Sustentables (UEDD INTA‐CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Leonardo Cristian Favre
- Instituto Tecnología de AlimentosInstituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Sistemas Alimentarios Sustentables (UEDD INTA‐CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Anabel Rodríguez Racca
- Instituto Tecnología de AlimentosInstituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Sistemas Alimentarios Sustentables (UEDD INTA‐CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - María José Dus Santos
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones tecnológicas Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas INTA‐CONICET Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Sergio R. Vaudagna
- Instituto Tecnología de AlimentosInstituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Sistemas Alimentarios Sustentables (UEDD INTA‐CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Marina Mozgovoj
- Instituto Tecnología de AlimentosInstituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Sistemas Alimentarios Sustentables (UEDD INTA‐CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina
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9
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Chhetri VS, Han Y, Janes ME, Adhikari A. Evaluation of viability of E. coli O157: H7 on chlorine and lactic acid treated spinach leaves using combined propidium monoazide staining and real-time PCR. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Chen S, Li Y, Fu Z, Zeng Y, He L, Zhou K, Ao X, Liu S, Zou L. Label-free and enzyme-free sensitive fluorescent method for detection of viable Escherichia coli O157:H7. Anal Biochem 2018; 556:145-151. [PMID: 29990465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a label-free, enzyme-free, modification-free and DNA extraction-free fluorescent aptasensing (LEFA) method for detection of E. coli O157:H7 based on G-quadruplex formation using two ingeniously designed hairpin probes (GHP1 and GHP2). In the presence of E. coli O157:H7, it released the single stranded initiation sequence (IS) resulting in the toehold strand displacement between GHP1 and GHP2, which in turn led to the cyclic reuse of the production of DNA assemblies with numerous G-quadruplex structures and initiation sequences. Then these G-quadruplex structures can be recognized quickly by N-methyl mesoporphyrin IX (NMM) resulting in significantly enhanced fluorescence. The LEFA method was successfully implemented for detecting E. coli O157:H7 with a detection limit of 66 CFU/mL in pure culture, 10 CFU/mL and 1 CFU/mL after pre-incubation of the milk and tap water for 4 and 8 h, respectively. Moreover, the strategy could distinguish viable E. coli O157:H7 from dead E. coli O157:H7 and other species of pathogen cells. Furthermore, the whole process of the strategy is accomplished within 100 min. The results indicated that the approach may be used to effectively control potential microbial hazards in human health, food safety, and animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Fu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Yue Zeng
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Li He
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Kang Zhou
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Ao
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Shuliang Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Likou Zou
- Department of Applied Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China.
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11
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Growth delay analysis of heat-injured Salmonella Enteritidis in ground beef by real-time PCR. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Selective and concurrent detection of viable Salmonella spp., E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli O157:H7, and Shigella spp., in low moisture food products by PMA-mPCR assay with internal amplification control. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Zhong H, Zhong Y, Deng Q, Zhou Z, Guan X, Yan M, Hu T, Luo M. Virulence of thermolable haemolysi tlh, gastroenteritis related pathogenicity tdh and trh of the pathogens Vibrio Parahemolyticus in Viable but Non-Culturable (VBNC) state. Microb Pathog 2017; 111:352-356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Detection of Viable Vibrio cholerae Cells in Seafood Using a Real-Time Visual Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Combined with Propidium Monoazide. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0981-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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15
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Yan M, Xu L, Jiang H, Zhou Z, Zhou S, Zhang L. PMA-LAMP for rapid detection of Escherichia coli and shiga toxins from viable but non-culturable state. Microb Pathog 2017; 105:245-250. [PMID: 28167125 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In exposure to outer pressure, microorganisms are capable of entry into the Viable But Non-Culturable (VBNC) state, and thus survive under various elimination processing. The survival microorganisms may yield negative results on culturing, and cause false negative for this golden standard methodology. In this study, a novel PMA-LAMP assay on the detection of Enterohemorrhage E. coli and shiga toxins has been developed and evaluated, with further application on a number of food borne E. coli strains. LAMP primers were designed on the target of rfbe for Enterohemorrhage E. coli and stx1with stx2 for shiga toxins. Via specific penetration through the damaged cell membrane of dead cells and intercalating into DNA, PMA could prevent DNA amplification of dead bacteria from LAMP, which enabled the differentiation of bacteria between VBNC state and dead state. The established PMA-LAMP showed significant advantage in rapidity, sensitivity and specificity, compared with regular PCR assay. The applicability had also been verified, demonstrating the PMA-LAMP was capable of detection on Enterohemorrhage E. coli and shiga toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muxia Yan
- Department of Haematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, PR China.
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Haematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, PR China.
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Haematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, PR China.
| | - Zhenwen Zhou
- Clinical Microbiogy, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, PR China.
| | - Shishui Zhou
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, 382 Zhonghuan Road East, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Haematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, PR China.
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16
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Zeng D, Chen Z, Jiang Y, Xue F, Li B. Advances and Challenges in Viability Detection of Foodborne Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1833. [PMID: 27920757 PMCID: PMC5118415 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne outbreaks are a serious public health and food safety concern worldwide. There is a great demand for rapid, sensitive, specific, and accurate methods to detect microbial pathogens in foods. Conventional methods based on cultivation of pathogens have been the gold standard protocols; however, they take up to a week to complete. Molecular assays such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequencing, microarray technologies have been widely used in detection of foodborne pathogens. Among molecular assays, PCR technology [conventional and real-time PCR (qPCR)] is most commonly used in the foodborne pathogen detection because of its high sensitivity and specificity. However, a major drawback of PCR is its inability to differentiate the DNA from dead and viable cells, and this is a critical factor for the food industry, regulatory agencies and the consumer. To remedy this shortcoming, researchers have used biological dyes such as ethidium monoazide and propidium monoazide (PMA) to pretreat samples before DNA extraction to intercalate the DNA of dead cells in food samples, and then proceed with regular DNA preparation and qPCR. By combining PMA treatment with qPCR (PMA-qPCR), scientists have applied this technology to detect viable cells of various bacterial pathogens in foods. The incorporation of PMA into PCR-based assays for viability detection of pathogens in foods has increased significantly in the last decade. On the other hand, some downsides with this approach have been noted, particularly to achieve complete suppression of signal of DNA from the dead cells present in some particular food matrix. Nowadays, there is a tendency of more and more researchers adapting this approach for viability detection; and a few commercial kits based on PMA are available in the market. As time goes on, more scientists apply this approach to a broader range of pathogen detections, this viability approach (PMA or other chemicals such as platinum compound) may eventually become a common methodology for the rapid, sensitive, and accurate detection of foodborne pathogens. In this review, we summarize the development in the field including progress and challenges and give our perspective in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Zi Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China; Animal Quarantine Laboratory, Jiangsu Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine BureauNanjing, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Animal Quarantine Laboratory, Jiangsu Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine BureauNanjing, China; Shanghai Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine BureauShanghai, China
| | - Feng Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Baoguang Li
- Division of Molecular Biology, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, Laurel MD, USA
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17
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Erkus O, de Jager VC, Geene RT, van Alen-Boerrigter I, Hazelwood L, van Hijum SA, Kleerebezem M, Smid EJ. Use of propidium monoazide for selective profiling of viable microbial cells during Gouda cheese ripening. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 228:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Oketič K, Matijašić BB, Obermajer T, Radulović Z, Lević S, Mirković N, Nedović V. Evaluation of propidium monoazide real-time PCR for enumeration of probiotic lactobacilli microencapsulated in calcium alginate beads. Benef Microbes 2015; 6:573-81. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2014.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate real-time PCR coupled with propidium monoazide (PMA) treatment for enumeration of microencapsulated probiotic lactobacilli microencapsulated in calcium alginate beads. Lactobacillus gasseri K7 (CCM 7710) and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (CCM 7712) were analysed by plate counting and PMA real-time PCR during storage at 4 °C for 90 days. PMA was effective in preventing PCR amplification of the target sequences of DNA released from heat-compromised bacteria. The values obtained by real-time PCR of non-treated samples were in general higher than those obtained by real-time PCR of PMA-treated samples or by plate counting, indicating the presence of sub-lethally injured cells. This study shows that plate count could not be completely replaced by culture independent method PMA real-time PCR for enumeration of probiotics, but may rather complement the well-established plate counting, providing useful information about the ratio of compromised bacteria in the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Oketič
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal Science, Institute of Dairy Science and Probiotics, Groblje 3, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia
| | - B. Bogovič Matijašić
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal Science, Institute of Dairy Science and Probiotics, Groblje 3, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia
| | - T. Obermajer
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal Science, Institute of Dairy Science and Probiotics, Groblje 3, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Z. Radulović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Technology, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S. Lević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Technology, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - N. Mirković
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Technology, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - V. Nedović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Technology, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
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Liu H, Niu YD, Li J, Stanford K, McAllister TA. Rapid and accurate detection of bacteriophage activity against Escherichia coli O157:H7 by propidium monoazide real-time PCR. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:319351. [PMID: 25530959 PMCID: PMC4233675 DOI: 10.1155/2014/319351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Conventional methods to determine the efficacy of bacteriophage (phage) for biocontrol of E. coli require several days, due to the need to culture bacteria. Furthermore, cell surface-attached phage particles may lyse bacterial cells during experiments, leading to an overestimation of phage activity. DNA-based real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is a fast, sensitive, and highly specific means of enumerating pathogens. However, qPCR may underestimate phage activity due to its inability to distinguish viable from nonviable cells. In this study, we evaluated the suitability of propidium monoazide (PMA), a microbial membrane-impermeable dye that inhibits amplification of extracellular DNA and DNA within dead or membrane-compromised cells as a means of using qPCR to identify only intact E. coli cells that survive phage exposure. Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain R508N and 4 phages (T5-like, T1-like, T4-like, and O1-like) were studied. Results compared PMA-qPCR and direct plating and confirmed that PMA could successfully inhibit amplification of DNA from compromised/damaged cells E. coli O157:H7. Compared to PMA-qPCR, direct plating overestimated (P < 0.01) phage efficacy as cell surface-attached phage particles lysed E. coli O157:H7 during the plating process. Treatment of samples with PMA in combination with qPCR can therefore be considered beneficial when assessing the efficacy of bacteriophage for biocontrol of E. coli O157:H7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1J 4B1
| | - Yan D. Niu
- Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Agriculture Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1J 4V6
| | - Jinquan Li
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China
| | - Kim Stanford
- Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Agriculture Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1J 4V6
| | - Tim A. McAllister
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1J 4B1
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Barbau-Piednoir E, Mahillon J, Pillyser J, Coucke W, Roosens NH, Botteldoorn N. Evaluation of viability-qPCR detection system on viable and dead Salmonella serovar Enteritidis. J Microbiol Methods 2014; 103:131-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Vendrame M, Manzano M, Comi G, Bertrand J, Iacumin L. Use of propidium monoazide for the enumeration of viable Brettanomyces bruxellensis in wine and beer by quantitative PCR. Food Microbiol 2014; 42:196-204. [PMID: 24929737 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Brettanomyces bruxellensis is a current problem in winemaking all over the world, and the question if B. bruxellensis has a positive or negative impact on wine is one of the most controversial discussions in the world. The presence of live B. bruxellensis cells represents the risk of growth and an increase in cell numbers, which is related to the potential production of volatile phenols. In this work, the optimisation of a PMA-quantitative PCR (qPCR) method to enumerate only viable cells was carried out using the standard strain B. bruxellensis DSMZ 70726. The obtained detection limits were 0.83 log CFU/mL in red wine, 0.63 log CFU/mL in white wine and 0.23 log CFU/mL in beer. Moreover, the quantification was also performed by Reverse Transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and the results showed a higher detection limit for all of the trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vendrame
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Udine, via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Marisa Manzano
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Udine, via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Comi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Udine, via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Julien Bertrand
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Udine, via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Lucilla Iacumin
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Udine, via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy.
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22
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Evaluation of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil activity against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes by propidium monoazide quantitative PCR in vegetables. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Elizaquível P, Aznar R, Sánchez G. Recent developments in the use of viability dyes and quantitative PCR in the food microbiology field. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 116:1-13. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Elizaquível
- Department of Microbiology and Ecology; University of Valencia; Valencia Spain
| | - R. Aznar
- Department of Microbiology and Ecology; University of Valencia; Valencia Spain
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA); Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC); Valencia Spain
| | - G. Sánchez
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA); Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC); Valencia Spain
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24
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Azizkhani M, Elizaquível P, Sánchez G, Selma MV, Aznar R. Comparative efficacy of Zataria multiflora Boiss., Origanum compactum and Eugenia caryophyllus essential oils against E. coli O157:H7, feline calicivirus and endogenous microbiota in commercial baby-leaf salads. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 166:249-55. [PMID: 23973836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ready-to-eat salads using baby-leaf and multi-leaf mixes are one of the most promising developments in the fresh-cut food industry. There is great interest in developing novel decontamination treatments, which are both safe for consumers and more efficient against foodborne pathogens. In this study, emulsions of essential oils (EOs) from Origanum compactum (oregano), Eugenia caryophyllus (clove), and Zataria multiflora Boiss (zataria) were applied by spray (0.8 ml) after the sanitizing washing step. The aim was to investigate their ability to control the growth of potentially cross-contaminating pathogens and endogenous microbiota in commercial baby leaves, processed in a fresh-cut produce company. Zataria EO emulsions of 3%, 5% and 10% reduced Escherichia coli O157:H7 by 1.7, 2.2 and 3.5 log cfu/g in baby-leaf salads after 5 days of storage at 7°C. By contrast, reductions in E. coli O157:H7 counts remained the same when clove was applied at concentrations of 5% and 10% (2.5 log cfu/g reduction). Oregano (10%) reduced inoculated E. coli O157:H7 counts in baby-leaf salads by a maximum of 0.5 log cfu/g after 5 days of storage. Zataria showed strong antimicrobial efficacy against E. coli O157:H7 and also against the endogenous microbiota of baby-leaf salads stored for 9 days. Feline calicivirus (FCV), a norovirus surrogate, survived on inoculated baby-leaf salads during refrigerated storage (9 days at 7°C) regardless of treatment. Refrigeration temperatures completely annulled the effectiveness of the EOs against FCV inoculated in baby-leaf salads as occurred in FCV cultures. This study shows that EOs, and zataria in particular, have great potential use as an additional barrier to reduce contamination-related risks in baby-leaf salads. However, further research should be done into foodborne viruses in order to improve food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Azizkhani
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
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25
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Propidium monoazide combined with real-time quantitative PCR to quantify viable Alternaria spp. contamination in tomato products. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 165:214-20. [PMID: 23796654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alternaria is a common contaminating genus of fungi in fruits, grains, and vegetables that causes severe economic losses to farmers and the food industry. Furthermore, it is claimed that Alternaria spp. are able to produce phytotoxic metabolites, and mycotoxins that are unsafe for human and animal health. DNA amplification techniques are being increasingly applied to detect, identify, and quantify mycotoxigenic fungi in foodstuffs, but the inability of these methods to distinguish between viable and nonviable cells might lead to an overestimation of mycotoxin-producing living cells. A promising technique to overcome this problem is the pre-treatment of samples with nucleic acid intercalating dyes, such as propidium monoazide (PMA), prior to quantitative PCR (qPCR). PMA selectively penetrates cells with a damaged membrane inhibiting DNA amplification during qPCRs. In our study, a primer pair (Alt4-Alt5) to specifically amplify and quantify Alternaria spp. by qPCR was designed. Quantification data of qPCR achieved a detection limit of 10(2)conidia/g of tomato. Here, we have optimized for the first time a DNA amplification-based PMA sample pre-treatment protocol for detecting viable Alternaria spp. cells. Artificially inoculated tomato samples treated with 65μM of PMA, showed a reduction in the signal by almost 7cycles in qPCR between live and heat-killed Alternaria spp. conidia. The tomato matrix had a protective effect on the cells against PMA toxicity, reducing the efficiency to distinguish between viable and nonviable cells. The results reported here indicate that the PMA-qPCR method is a suitable tool for quantifying viable Alternaria cells, which could be useful for estimating potential risks of mycotoxin contamination.
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26
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Vendrame M, Iacumin L, Manzano M, Comi G. Use of propidium monoazide for the enumeration of viable Oenococcus oeni in must and wine by quantitative PCR. Food Microbiol 2013; 35:49-57. [PMID: 23628614 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Malolactic fermentation is an important step in winemaking, but it has to be avoided in some cases. It's carried out by lactic acid bacteria belonging mainly to the genus Oenococcus, which is known to be a slow growing bacterium. Classical microbiological methods to enumerate viable cells of Oenococcus oeni in must and wine take 7-9 days to give results. Moreover, RT-qPCR technique gives accurate quantitative results, but it requires time consuming steps of RNA extraction and reverse transcription. In the present work we developed a fast and reliable quantitative PCR (qPCR) method to enumerate cells of Oenococcus oeni, directly, in must and wine. For the first time we used a propidium monoazide treatment of samples to enumerate only Oenococcus oeni viable cells. The detection limit of the developed method is 0.33 log CFU/mL (2.14 CFU/mL) in must, and 0.69 log CFU/mL (4.90 CFU/mL) in wine, lower than that of the previously developed qPCR protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vendrame
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Udine, via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy
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27
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Xing-long X, Cong-cong L, Yang Q, Yi-gang Y, Hui W. Molecular monitoring of Escherichia coli
O157: H7 sterilization rate using qPCR and propidium monoazide treatment. Lett Appl Microbiol 2013; 56:333-9. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X. Xing-long
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - L. Cong-cong
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Q. Yang
- Dongguan entry-exit inspection and quarantine bureau of China; Dongguan China
| | - Y. Yi-gang
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - W. Hui
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
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