The biodiversity of Aspergillus flavus in stored rice grain leads to a decrease in the overall aflatoxin B1 production in these species

Isolation and Characterization of Paenibacillus polymyxa B7 and Inhibition of Aspergillus tubingensis A1 by Its Antifungal Substances

Screening of Bacillus with antagonistic effects on paddy mold pathogens to provide strain resources for biological control of mold in Oryza sativa L. screening of Bacillus isolates antagonistic towards Aspergillus tubingensis from rhizosphere soil of healthy paddy; classification and identification of antagonistic strains by biological characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis; transcriptome sequencing after RNA extraction from Bacillus-treated Aspergillus tubingensis; and extraction of inhibitory crude proteins of Bacillus by ammonium sulfate precipitation; inhibitory crude protein and Bacillus spp. were treated separately for A. tubingensis and observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An antagonistic strain of Bacillus, named B7, was identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa by 16S rDNA identification and phylogenetic evolutionary tree comparison analysis. Analysis of the transcriptome results showed that genes related to secondary metabolite biosynthesis such as antifungal protein were significantly downregulated. SEM results showed that the mycelium of A. tubingensis underwent severe rupture after treatment with P. polymyxa and antifungal proteins, respectively. In addition, the sporocarp changed less after treatment with P. polymyxa, and the sporangium stalks had obvious folds. P. polymyxa B7 has a good antagonistic effect against A. tubingensis and has potential for biocontrol applications of paddy mold pathogens.