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Li J, Guo C, Wen X, Chen H, Du H, Liu D. Chemical composition of Artemisia argyi essential oil and its antifungal activity against dermatophytes by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation and causing oxidative damage. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118344. [PMID: 38754641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dermatophytes are notorious pathogens capable of infecting various mammals skin, posing serious threats to human health and overall life quality worldwide. Artemisia argyi has been recorded and applied for over a thousand years to treat skin itching. Although it has the potential to be developed as a plant-based antifungal agent, it's antifungal activity and action mechanism of active ingredients are still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition, antifungal activity against skin fungi, and potential mechanisms of Artemisia argyi essential oil (AEO). MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical composition of AEO was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) firstly. Flat growth restraint and double half dilution tests was performed to evaluate AEO antifungal activity against Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Trichophyton rubrum. And then, the physiological mechanism of AEO inhibiting dermatophytes was systematically explored through scanning electron microscopy, relative conductivity, membrane leakage, ROS content, and antioxidant enzyme activity. Finally, the main pathways were screened through transcriptome sequencing, while the related genes expression levels and enzyme activity were validated. RESULTS Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenoids were the most highly representative class of AEO. AEO had powerful antifungal activity against M. gypseum, T. mentagrophytes, and T. rubrum, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 0.6, 1.2, and 1.2 μL/mL, respectively. Moreover, AEO can also damage the cell membrane integrity of T. mentagrophytes, resulting in cellular extravasation of intracellular substances. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the main target of AEO is to inhibit electron transfer and oxidative phosphorylation during respiration, ultimately leading to obstruction of normal ATP synthesis and energy metabolism in mitochondria. And a large amount of ROS will generate due to the incompletely catalysis of oxygen under mitochondrial complexes. Coupled with the decrease of antioxidant enzyme (SOD, POD) activity, excessive accumulation of ROS will cause serious oxidative damage to cells and eventually exhibiting antifungal activity against dermatophytes. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that Artemisia argyi was a valuable source of active compounds with antifungal activity. These findings support AEO as a potential agent to inhibit dermatophytes and prevent related dermatophytoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Li
- Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Chaowei Guo
- Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Xuejiao Wen
- Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Hongzhi Du
- Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Dahui Liu
- Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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Shen JS, Wang ZJ, Duan Y, Mei LN, Zhu YY, Wei MZ, Wang XH, Luo XD. Antifungal bioactivity of Sarcococca hookeriana var. digyna Franch. against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118473. [PMID: 38897554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sarcococca hookeriana var. digyna Franch. has been widely utilized in folk medicine by the Miao people in the southwestern region of China for treating skin sores which may be associated with microbial infection. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the antifungal bioactivity of S. hookeriana var. digyna against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans in vitro and in vivo, as well as its underlying mechanism and the key bioactive component. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antifungal bioactivity of 80% ethanol extract of S. hookeriana var. digyna (SHE80) was investigated in vitro using the broth microdilution method, time-growth curve, and time-kill assay. Its key functional component and antifungal mechanism were explored with combined approaches including UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, network pharmacology and metabolomics. The antifungal pathway was further supported via microscopic observation of fungal cell morphology and examination of its effects on fungal biofilm and cell membranes using fluorescent staining reagents. In vivo assessment of antifungal bioactivity was conducted using a mouse model infected with C. albicans on the skin. RESULTS S. hookeriana var. digyna suppressed fluconazole-resistant C. albicans efficiently (MIC = 16 μg/mL, MFC = 64 μg/mL). It removed fungal biofilm, increased cell membrane permeability, induced protein leakage, reduced membrane fluidity, disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential, induced the release of reactive oxygen species, promoted cell apoptosis, and inhibited the transformation of fungi from the yeast state to the hyphal state significantly. In terms of mechanism, it affected sphingolipid metabolism and signaling pathway. Moreover, the predicted bioactive component, sarcovagine D, was supported by antifungal bioactivity evaluation in vitro (MIC = 4 μg/mL, MFC = 16 μg/mL). Furthermore, S. hookeriana var. digyna promoted wound healing, reduced the number of colony-forming units, and reduced inflammation effectively in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The traditional use of S. hookeriana var. digyna for fungal skin infections was supported by antifungal bioactivity investigated in vitro and in vivo. Its mechanism and bioactive component were predicted and confirmed by experiments, which also provided a new antifungal agent for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Shan Shen
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Jie Wang
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Duan
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Na Mei
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhu
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Zheng Wei
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Hui Wang
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
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Fuentes JM, Jofré I, Tortella G, Benavides-Mendoza A, Diez MC, Rubilar O, Fincheira P. The mechanistic insights of essential oil of Mentha piperita to control Botrytis cinerea and the prospection of lipid nanoparticles to its application. Microbiol Res 2024; 286:127792. [PMID: 38852300 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is the phytopathogenic fungus responsible for the gray mold disease that affects crops worldwide. Essential oils (EOs) have emerged as a sustainable tool to reduce the adverse impact of synthetic fungicides. Nevertheless, the scarce information about the physiological mechanism action and the limitations to applying EOs has restricted its use. This study focused on elucidating the physiological action mechanisms and prospection of lipid nanoparticles to apply EO of Mentha piperita. The results showed that the EO of M. piperita at 500, 700, and 900 μL L-1 inhibited the mycelial growth at 100 %. The inhibition of spore germination of B. cinerea reached 31.43 % at 900 μL L-1. The EO of M. piperita decreased the dry weight and increased pH, electrical conductivity, and cellular material absorbing OD260 nm of cultures of B. cinerea. The fluorescence technique revealed that EO reduced hyphae width, mitochondrial activity, and viability, and increased ROS production. The formulation of EO of M. piperita loaded- solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) at 500, 700, and 900 μL L-1 had particle size ∼ 200 nm, polydispersity index < 0.2, and stability. Also, the thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the EO of M. piperita-loaded SLN has great thermal stability at 50 °C. EO of M. piperita-loaded SLN reduced the mycelial growth of B. cinerea by 70 %, while SLN formulation (without EO) reached 42 % inhibition. These results supported that EO of M. piperita-loaded SLN is a sustainable tool for reducing the disease produced by B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Mauricio Fuentes
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 01145, Chile
| | - Ignacio Jofré
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 01145, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Tortella
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 01145, Chile; Department of Chemical Engineering. Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 01145, Chile
| | | | - María Cristina Diez
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 01145, Chile; Department of Chemical Engineering. Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 01145, Chile
| | - Olga Rubilar
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 01145, Chile; Department of Chemical Engineering. Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 01145, Chile
| | - Paola Fincheira
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 01145, Chile; Department of Chemical Engineering. Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 01145, Chile.
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Wang Y, Ju J, Diao Y, Zhao F, Yang Q. The application of starch-based edible film in food preservation: a comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-34. [PMID: 38712440 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2349735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Using renewable resources for food packaging not only helps reduce our dependence on fossil fuels but also minimizes the environmental impact associated with traditional plastics. Starch has been a hot topic in the field of current research because of its low cost, wide source and good film forming property. However, a comprehensive review in this field is still lacking. Starch-based films offer a promising alternative for sustainable packaging in the food industry. The present paper covers various aspects such as raw material sources, modification methods, and film formation mechanisms. Understanding the physicochemical properties and potential commercial applications is crucial for bridging the gap between research and practical implementation. Finally, the application of starch-based films in the food industry is discussed in detail. Different modifications of starch can improve the mechanical and barrier properties of the films. The addition of active substances to starch-based films can endow them with more functions. Therefore, these factors should be better investigated and optimized in future studies to improve the physicochemical properties and functionality of starch-based films. In summary, this review provides comprehensive information and the latest research progress of starch-based films in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Wang
- Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Special Food Processing (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture Rural Affairs, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Special Food, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ju
- Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Special Food Processing (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture Rural Affairs, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Special Food, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuduan Diao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science
| | - Fangyuan Zhao
- Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Special Food Processing (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture Rural Affairs, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Special Food, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingli Yang
- Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Special Food Processing (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture Rural Affairs, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Special Food, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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Arcot Y, Mu M, Lin YT, DeFlorio W, Jebrini H, Kunadu APH, Yegin Y, Min Y, Castillo A, Cisneros-Zevallos L, Taylor TM, Akbulut ME. Edible nano-encapsulated cinnamon essential oil hybrid wax coatings for enhancing apple safety against food borne pathogens. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100667. [PMID: 38292343 PMCID: PMC10825335 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-harvest losses of fruits due to decay and concerns regarding microbial food safety are significant within the produce processing industry. Additionally, maintaining the quality of exported commodities to distant countries continues to pose a challenge. To address these issues, the application of bioactive compounds, such as essential oils, has gained recognition as a means to extend shelf life by acting as antimicrobials. Herein, we have undertaken an innovative approach by nano-encapsulating cinnamon-bark essential oil using whey protein concentrate and imbibing nano-encapsulates into food-grade wax commonly applied on produce surfaces. We have comprehensively examined the physical, chemical, and antimicrobial properties of this hybrid wax to evaluate its efficacy in combatting the various foodborne pathogens that frequently trouble producers and handlers in the post-harvest processing industry. The coatings as applied demonstrated a static contact angle of 85 ± 1.6°, and advancing and receding contact angles of 90 ± 1.1° and 53.0 ± 1.6°, respectively, resembling the wetting properties of natural waxes on apples. Nanoencapsulation significantly delayed the release of essential oil, increasing the half-life by 61 h compared to its unencapsulated counterparts. This delay correlated with statistically significant reductions (p = 0.05) in bacterial populations providing both immediate and delayed (up to 72 h) antibacterial effects as well as expanded fungal growth inhibition zones compared to existing wax technologies, demonstrating promising applicability for high-quality fruit storage and export. The utilization of this advanced produce wax coating technology offers considerable potential for bolstering food safety and providing enhanced protection against bacteria and fungi for produce commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashwanth Arcot
- Artie McFerrin Department of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Minchen Mu
- Artie McFerrin Department of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Yu-Ting Lin
- Artie McFerrin Department of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - William DeFlorio
- Artie McFerrin Department of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Haris Jebrini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | | | - Yagmur Yegin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Younjin Min
- Depart of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA, 92521
| | - Alejandro Castillo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Luis Cisneros-Zevallos
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Thomas M. Taylor
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Mustafa E.S. Akbulut
- Artie McFerrin Department of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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