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Marcos-Pardo PJ, González-Gálvez N, Gea-García GM, López-Vivancos A, Espeso-García A, Gomes de Souza Vale R. Sarcopenia as a Mediator of the Effect of a Gerontogymnastics Program on Cardiorespiratory Fitness of Overweight and Obese Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197064. [PMID: 32992531 PMCID: PMC7578986 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The objectives were to analyze the effect of a gerontogymnastics program on functional ability and fitness on overweight and obese older woman and to understand if sarcopenia mediates its effect. This randomized controlled trial involved 216 overweight and obese women. The experimental group (EG) carried out 12 weeks of a gerontogymnastics program. The assessment was of gait speed, cardiorespiratory fitness, functional capacity, and muscle strength. EG showed significant improvements in almost every test. When the effect of training was adjusted by gait speed, the improvement of the 6 min walk test (MWT) for the trained group was no longer significant (p = 0.127). The improvement of the 6 MWT was significantly and positively associated with the 10 m test (β = −10.087). After including the 10-m test in the equations, the association between the 6MWT and carrying out the training program decreased but remained significant (β = −19.904). The mediation analysis showed a significant, direct and indirect effect with a significant Sobel test value (z = 6.606 ± 7.733; p = 0.000). These results indicate that a gerontogymnastics program improves functional capacity and fitness; and the effect of a gerontogymnastics program on CRF is mediated by sarcopenia in older women who are overweight and obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Jorge Marcos-Pardo
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM), Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (G.M.G.-G.); (A.L.-V.); (A.E.-G.)
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Noelia González-Gálvez
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM), Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (G.M.G.-G.); (A.L.-V.); (A.E.-G.)
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Gemma María Gea-García
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM), Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (G.M.G.-G.); (A.L.-V.); (A.E.-G.)
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Abraham López-Vivancos
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM), Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (G.M.G.-G.); (A.L.-V.); (A.E.-G.)
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Espeso-García
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM), Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (G.M.G.-G.); (A.L.-V.); (A.E.-G.)
| | - Rodrigo Gomes de Souza Vale
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Estacio de Sa University, 20261-063 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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