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Mahfooz K, Sohail H, Gvajaia A, Arif U, Grewal D, Muppidi MR, Vohra V, Tarique A, Vasavada A. Rasburicase in treating tumor lysis syndrome: An umbrella review. CANCER PATHOGENESIS AND THERAPY 2023; 1:262-271. [PMID: 38327601 PMCID: PMC10846299 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpt.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) remains a debilitating cause of hospitalization and death in patients with cancer and is a significant challenge for healthcare providers despite advancements in its management. This umbrella review analyzed the results of meta-analyses on the use of rasburicase in the treatment of patients with cancer. A literature search was performed of five databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Global Index Medicus, and ScienceDirect) for articles with full texts available online. A measurement tool to assess systematic reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) was used to assess the quality of the included studies, and Review Manager software was used to conduct all statistical analyses. The systematic search identified eight relevant meta-analyses, with primary analyses including outcome data that analyzed mortality, renal failure, and comparisons with allopurinol. The pooled data showed that rasburicase effectively reduced TLS development and serum uric acid levels in children and adults with malignancies. Most outcomes did not differ significantly compared with those of allopurinol. Future trials should focus on the cost-effectiveness of rasburicase compared to that of allopurinol while including high-, intermediate-, and low-risk patients. Rasburicase is safe and effective for managing patients with TLS. However, recent large-scale meta-analyses have reported conflicting results. Most meta-analyses were graded as low to critically low as per AMSTAR 2. The analysis revealed that the benefit of rasburicase did not differ significantly from that of allopurinol, which has higher cost-effectiveness and fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Mahfooz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lincoln Medical Center, Community Hospital, New York, 10451, USA
| | - Haris Sohail
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lincoln Medical Center, Community Hospital, New York, 10451, USA
| | - Ani Gvajaia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lincoln Medical Center, Community Hospital, New York, 10451, USA
| | - Uroosa Arif
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lincoln Medical Center, Community Hospital, New York, 10451, USA
| | - Daisy Grewal
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Georges University, St. Georges, Grenada
| | - Monica Reddy Muppidi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lincoln Medical Center, Community Hospital, New York, 10451, USA
| | - Vanya Vohra
- Department of Pediatrics, St Barnabas Hospital, Bronx, NY, 10457, USA
| | - Aamir Tarique
- Department of Medicine, ESIC Medical College, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Advait Vasavada
- Department of Medicine, MP Shah Medical College, Jamnagar, 361008, India
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2
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Alqurashi RM, Tamim HH, Alsubhi ZD, Alzahrani AA, Tashkandi E. Tumor Lysis Syndrome in Patients With Solid Tumors: A Systematic Review of Reported Cases. Cureus 2022; 14:e30652. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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3
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Travers P, Goodman A, Poiesz B. Tumor Lysis Syndrome in a Low-Risk Pancreatic Cancer Patient. Case Rep Oncol 2021; 14:1310-1314. [PMID: 34720933 PMCID: PMC8525293 DOI: 10.1159/000512827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is the most common hematologic emergency encountered during the treatment of high-grade malignancies. While it can lead to death, the prognosis is typically excellent if caught early on in the course. Risk stratification prior to treatment initiation is paramount in deciding the utility of prophylaxis and ultimately in reducing morbidity and mortality. The following case describes the development of TLS in a patient categorized as low risk and highlights the need for further elucidation of a unified risk stratification system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Travers
- Internal Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Alexandra Goodman
- Internal Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Bernard Poiesz
- Internal Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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Castellano T, Bulard BA, Staley A, Moore KN. Tumor lysis syndrome in gynecologic cancers: An uncommon but important diagnosis to recognize. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2019; 30:100514. [PMID: 31788528 PMCID: PMC6880131 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2019.100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
TLS treated with rasburicase is rare and associated with approximately 5% of gynecologic cancers. TLS is most frequently associated with new diagnosis of high-grade gynecologic malignancies. The most common presenting symptoms of TLS include acute kidney injury and electrolyte derangement. Early recognition and treatment of TLS can rapidly improve uric acid and electrolyte derangements.
Objectives To describe the incidence, treatment and outcomes associated with tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) in women with gynecologic cancer (GOC). Methods A retrospective multi-institutional review of TLS associated with GOC. Women presenting with an elevated serum uric acid managed with intravenous (IV) rasburicase were included. Descriptive statistics of patient demographics, clinical findings, and outcome data was completed. Results From two large academic institutions N = 18 patients were found to meet inclusion criteria from 2008 to 2018, reflecting an approximate 5% incidence of clinically treated TLS associated with GOC in our cohort. Median age was 60 years, a majority were Caucasian (n = 11, 61.1%), median BMI was 36.2. TLS was associated with a high-grade GOC in n = 17 (94.4%) cases. TLS was commonly diagnosed with a new GOC (n = 12, 70.6%) and following receipt of chemotherapy in n = 9 (50.0%) cases. Six (66.7%) patients were treated with paclitaxel or combination, five (55.5%) with a platinum or combination, and two (22.2%) with a CD47 inhibitor. Chief complaints included electrolyte and renal abnormalities (n = 11, 73.3%). Peak serum uric acid, potassium, creatinine and phosphorus levels were 14.1 mg/dL, 5.7 mEq/L, 5.1 mg/dL, and 6.8 mg/dL, respectively. Nine patients received hospice during their admission with 3 (20%) deaths occurring as inpatients. There were 12 deaths with median OS of 16 d (range: 2–87 d). Conclusions Though rare, TLS can be associated with GOC. Early recognition of presenting symptoms, laboratory findings and expedited treatment may help with electrolyte recovery; however, TLS associated with GOC may herald a rapidly deteriorating state with significant associated mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Castellano
- Stephenson Cancer Center at The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - B A Bulard
- Stephenson Cancer Center at The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - A Staley
- University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K N Moore
- Stephenson Cancer Center at The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Rahmani B, Patel S, Seyam O, Gandhi J, Reid I, Smith N, Khan SA. Current understanding of tumor lysis syndrome. Hematol Oncol 2019; 37:537-547. [PMID: 31461568 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncologic emergency from the intracellular release of material in lysing malignant cells. The earlier it is treated, the less likely it is to be harmful to an individual and spread through the body. Common complications of TLS include arrhythmias, which are caused by hypocalcemia or hyperkalemia, renal failures due to hyperuricemia or hyperphosphatemia, and seizures. Furthermore, the risk to develop TLS varies widely based on several factors including factors that are related to disease, the patient, and the treatment of the patient. Laboratory data can be used to gauge the severity of TLS based on patient serum levels for specific markers. On the contrary, evidence of TLS via radiological imaging and electrocardiogram findings has been a limited way to evaluate TLS, indicating the need for further research in this area. Common trends of treatment have also been seen in the past several years, evident by case studies seen in the following literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Rahmani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Shrey Patel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Omar Seyam
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Jason Gandhi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York.,Medical Student Research Institute, St. George's University School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies, Grenada
| | - Inefta Reid
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | | | - Sardar Ali Khan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York.,Department of Urology, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
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Ahmed Z, Barefah A, Wasi P, Jones G, Ramsay J. Tumour lysis syndrome in a patient with undifferentiated endometrial stromal sarcoma. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2019; 28:41-43. [PMID: 30834285 PMCID: PMC6384315 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour lysis syndrome is an oncologic emergency. Tumour lysis syndrome is most commonly encountered in hematologic malignancies. Herein we report a case of tumour lysis syndrome in an endometrial stromal sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Ahmed
- McMaster University, Chief Cardiology resident, Division of Cardiology, Canada
| | | | - Parveen Wasi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, McMaster University, Canada
| | - Graham Jones
- Divisions of Critical Care & Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Canada
| | - Jennifer Ramsay
- Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Canada
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Ito T, Ohta T, Narumi M, Sakaki H, Seino M, Sudo T, Nagase S. Tumor lysis syndrome associated with docetaxel and carboplatin in a case with recurrent endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2018; 24:21-23. [PMID: 29845102 PMCID: PMC5966519 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncological life-threatening complication characterized by hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperkalemia, which can lead to acute renal failure, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac arrest and seizures. Although TLS is a rare complication in patients with non-hematological malignancy, the mortality rate of TLS in solid tumors is higher than that in hematological malignancies. Acute renal injury is the most common cause of mortality associated with TLS in solid tumors. We report a case of TLS following chemotherapy for a recurrent uterine serous carcinoma. In this case, we speculated that the cause of death might be a pulmonary tumor embolism caused by TLS. Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncological life-threatening complication. The mortality rate of TLS in solid tumors is high, acute renal injury being the most common cause. We report a case of TLS following chemotherapy for a recurrent uterine serous carcinoma. We speculated that the cause of death might be a pulmonary tumor embolism caused by TLS. Clinicians need to assess the risk of TLS before chemotherapy, which should be given to high risk patient appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomichi Ito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University, Faculty of medicine, Iidanishi 2-2-2, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ohta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University, Faculty of medicine, Iidanishi 2-2-2, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Megumi Narumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University, Faculty of medicine, Iidanishi 2-2-2, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Sakaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University, Faculty of medicine, Iidanishi 2-2-2, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Manabu Seino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University, Faculty of medicine, Iidanishi 2-2-2, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sudo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University, Faculty of medicine, Iidanishi 2-2-2, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Satoru Nagase
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University, Faculty of medicine, Iidanishi 2-2-2, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
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8
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Berger R, Waler N, Schlumbrecht M, Huang M. Spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome occurring in untreated uterine cancer. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2017; 22:40-42. [PMID: 29159258 PMCID: PMC5678744 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor lysis syndrome is rare in solid tumors. Tumor lysis syndrome is an oncologic emergency. We present two cases of spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome arising in uterine cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Berger
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center/University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Nicholas Waler
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center/University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Matthew Schlumbrecht
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center/University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Marilyn Huang
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center/University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Mirrakhimov AE, Ali AM, Khan M, Barbaryan A. Tumor Lysis Syndrome in Solid Tumors: An up to Date Review of the Literature. Rare Tumors 2014; 6:5389. [PMID: 25002953 PMCID: PMC4083673 DOI: 10.4081/rt.2014.5389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a potentially deadly complication of tumors or their treatment. This syndrome consists of a constellation of laboratory findings such as hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia, known as laboratory TLS. When clinical complications such as seizures, acute renal failure, and cardiac dysrhythmias occur in patients with laboratory TLS, the syndrome is called clinical TLS. TLS is especially common in patients with hematological malignancies with rapid cellular turnover rates such as acute lymphocytic leukemia and Burkitt lymphoma, but is very rare in patients with solid tumors. Nevertheless, there are multiple reports in the literature on the occurrence of TLS in patients with solid tumors. In this review article, we summarize the current data on the occurrence of TLS in patients with solid tumors. We propose an algorithm of risk stratification and prevention of TLS in patients with solid cancers.
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10
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McBride A, Westervelt P. Recognizing and managing the expanded risk of tumor lysis syndrome in hematologic and solid malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2012; 5:75. [PMID: 23237230 PMCID: PMC3544586 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-5-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is widely recognized as a serious adverse event associated with the cytotoxic therapies primarily used in hematologic cancers, such as Burkitt lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In recent years, TLS has been more widely observed, due at least in part to the availability of more effective cancer treatments. Moreover, TLS is seen with greater frequency in solid tumors, and particularly in bulky tumors with extensive metastases and tumors with organ or bone marrow involvement. The consequences of TLS include the serious morbidity and high risk of mortality associated with the condition itself. Additionally, TLS may delay or force an alteration in the patient’s chemotherapy regimen. The changing patterns of TLS, as well as its frequency, in the clinical setting, result in unnecessarily high rates of illness and/or fatality. Prophylactic measures are widely available for patients at risk of TLS, and are considered highly effective. The present article discusses the various manifestations of TLS, its risk factors and management options to prevent TLS from occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali McBride
- Arthur G, James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State University, Department of Pharmacy, Room 368 Doan Hall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Firwana BM, Hasan R, Hasan N, Alahdab F, Alnahhas I, Hasan S, Varon J. Tumor lysis syndrome: a systematic review of case series and case reports. Postgrad Med 2012; 124:92-101. [PMID: 22437219 DOI: 10.3810/pgm.2012.03.2540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a clinical condition that is caused by a massive lysis of tumor cells that accumulate very rapidly and disturb hemodynamics. This oncologic emergency requires immediate intervention. Tumor lysis syndrome was first described in the 19th century. Since then, it has become a well-known disease with improved management measures. Tumor lysis syndrome can occur after any type of neoplasm. It is highly associated with rapidly proliferating tumors compared with those that are well demarcated, such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia and high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Initiation of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or steroid treatment may trigger TLS, or it may develop spontaneously. The release of massive quantities of intracellular contents may produce hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, secondary hypocalcemia, hyperuricemia, and acute renal failure. Prevention and treatment measures include intravenous hydration, use of allopurinol and rasburicase, management of TLS-associated electrolyte abnormalities, and renal replacement therapy; the use of urine alkalinization remains controversial. In this article, we summarize the findings of case series and case reports published over the past 6 years in an effort to help familiarize clinicians better recognize and manage TLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belal M Firwana
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
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An unusual presentation of tumor lysis syndrome in a patient with advanced gastric adenocarcinoma: case report and literature review. Case Rep Med 2012; 2012:468452. [PMID: 22685470 PMCID: PMC3368228 DOI: 10.1155/2012/468452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is characterized by hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and secondary hypocalcemia in patients with a malignancy. When these laboratory abnormalities develop rapidly, clinical complications such as cardiac arrhythmias, acute renal failure, seizures, or death may occur. TLS is caused by rapid release of intracellular contents by dying tumor cells, a condition that is expected to be common in hematologic malignancies. However, TLS rarely occurs with solid tumors, and here we present the second chemotherapy-induced TLS in a patient with advanced gastric adenocarcinoma to be reported in the literature. We also provide information regarding the total cases of TLS in solid tumors reported from 1977 to present day. Our methodology involved identifying key articles from existing reviews of the literature and then using search terms from these citations in MEDLINE to find additional publications. We relied on a literature review published in 2003 by Baeksgaard et al., where they gathered all total 45 cases reported from 1977 to 2003. Then, we looked for new reported cases from 2004 to present day. All reports (case reports, brief reports, letters to editor, correspondence, reviews, journals, and short communications) identified through these searches were reviewed and included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Howard
- Department of Oncology and International Outreach Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-2794, USA.
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