Raghavan S, Geller S, Miller S, Goudar SS, Anger H, Yadavannavar MC, Dabash R, Bidri SR, Gudadinni MR, Udgiri R, Koch AR, Bellad MB, Winikoff B. Misoprostol for primary versus secondary prevention of postpartum haemorrhage: a cluster-randomised non-inferiority community trial.
BJOG 2016;
123:120-7. [PMID:
26333044 PMCID:
PMC5014137 DOI:
10.1111/1471-0528.13540]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To assess whether secondary prevention, which preemptively treats women with above-average postpartum bleeding, is non-inferior to universal prophylaxis.
DESIGN
A cluster-randomised non-inferiority community trial.
SETTING
Health sub-centres and home deliveries in the Bijapur district of Karnataka, India.
POPULATION
Women with low-risk pregnancies who were eligible for delivery with an Auxiliary Nurse Midwife at home or sub-centre and who consented to be part of the study.
METHODS
Auxiliary Nurse Midwifes were randomised to secondary prevention using 800 mcg sublingual misoprostol administered to women with postpartum blood loss ≥350 ml or to universal prophylaxis using 600 mcg oral misoprostol administered to all women during the third stage of labour.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Postpartum haemoglobin ≤7.8 g/dl, mean postpartum blood loss and postpartum haemoglobin, postpartum haemorrhage rate, transfer to higher-level facilities, acceptability and feasibility of the intervention.
RESULTS
Misoprostol was administered to 99.7% of women as primary prevention. In secondary prevention, 92 (4.7%) women had postpartum bleeding ≥350 ml, of which 90 (97.8%) received misoprostol. The proportion of women with postpartum haemoglobin ≤7.8 g/dl was 5.9 and 8.8% in secondary and primary prevention clusters, respectively [difference -2.9%, one-sided 95% confidence interval (CI) <1.3%]. Postpartum transfer and haemorrhage rates were low (<1%) in both groups. Shivering was more common in primary prevention clusters (P = 0.013).
CONCLUSION
Secondary prevention of postpartum haemorrhage with misoprostol is non-inferior to universal prophylaxis based on the primary outcome of postpartum haemoglobin. Secondary prevention could be a good alternative to universal prophylaxis as it medicates fewer women and is an acceptable and feasible strategy at the community level.
TWEETABLE ABSTRACT
Secondary prevention of postpartum haemorrhage with misoprostol is non-inferior to universal prophylaxis.
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