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Habil MR, Salazar-González RA, Doll MA, Hein DW. Effect of N-acetyltransferase 2 genetic polymorphism on 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline)-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1773-1781. [PMID: 37142755 PMCID: PMC10259506 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03508-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) or MOCA is an aromatic amine used primarily in polyurethane and rubber industry. MOCA has been linked to hepatomas in animal studies while limited epidemiologic studies reported the association of exposure to MOCA and urinary bladder and breast cancer. We investigated MOCA-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in DNA repair-deficient Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably transfected with human metabolizing enzymes CYP1A2 and N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) variants as well as in rapid, intermediate, and slow NAT2 acetylator cryopreserved human hepatocytes. N-acetylation of MOCA was highest in UV5/1A2/NAT2*4 followed by UV5/1A2/NAT2*7B and UV5/1A2/NAT2*5B CHO cells. Human hepatocytes showed a NAT2 genotype-dependent response with highest N-acetylation in rapid acetylators followed by intermediate and slow acetylators. MOCA induced higher levels of mutagenesis and DNA damage in UV5/1A2/NAT2*7B compared to UV5/1A2/NAT2*4 and UV5/1A2/NAT2*5B cells (p < 0.0001). MOCA also induced higher levels of oxidative stress in UV5/1A2/NAT2*7B cells. MOCA caused concentration-dependent increase in DNA damage in cryopreserved human hepatocytes (linear trend p < 0.001) which was NAT2 genotype dependent i.e., highest in rapid acetylators, lower in intermediate acetylators, and lowest in slow acetylators (p < 0.0001). Our findings show that N-acetylation and genotoxicity of MOCA is NAT2 genotype dependent and suggest that individuals possessing NAT2*7B are at higher risk to MOCA-induced mutagenicity. DNA damage, and oxidative stress. They confirm significant differences in genotoxicity between the NAT2*5B and NAT2*7B alleles, both of which are associated with slow acetylator phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam R Habil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock Street, CTR Rm 303, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Raúl A Salazar-González
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock Street, CTR Rm 303, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Mark A Doll
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock Street, CTR Rm 303, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - David W Hein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock Street, CTR Rm 303, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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Hein DW, Zhang X, Doll MA. Role of N-acetyltransferase 2 acetylation polymorphism in 4, 4'-methylene bis (2-chloroaniline) biotransformation. Toxicol Lett 2018; 283:100-105. [PMID: 29180287 PMCID: PMC5745265 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) and 2 (NAT2) catalyze the acetylation of arylamine carcinogens. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the NAT2 coding exon present in NAT2 haplotypes encode allozymes with reduced N-acetyltransferase activity towards the N-acetylation of arylamine carcinogens and the O-acetylation of their N-hydroxylated metabolites. NAT2 acetylator phenotype modifies urinary bladder cancer risk following exposures to arylamine carcinogens such as 4-aminobiphenyl. 4, 4'-methylene bis (2-chloroaniline) (MOCA) is a Group 1 carcinogen for which a role of the NAT2 acetylation polymorphism on cancer risk is unknown. We investigated the role of NAT2 and the genetic acetylation polymorphism on both MOCA N-acetylation and N-hydroxy-MOCA O-acetylation. MOCA N-acetylation exhibited a robust gene dose response in rabbit liver cytosol and in cryopreserved human hepatocytes derived from individuals of rapid, intermediate and slow acetylator NAT2 genotype. MOCA exhibited about 4-fold higher affinity for recombinant human NAT2 than NAT1. Recombinant human NAT2*4 (reference) and 15 variant recombinant human NAT2 allozymes catalyzed both the N-acetylation of MOCA and the O-acetylation of N-hydroxy-MOCA. Human NAT2 5, NAT2 6, NAT2 7 and NAT2 14 allozymes catalyzed MOCA N-acetylation and N-hydroxy-O-acetylation at rates much lower than the reference NAT2 4 allozyme. In conclusion, our results show that NAT2 acetylator genotype has an important role in MOCA metabolism and suggest that risk assessments related to MOCA exposures consider accounting for NAT2 acetylator phenotype in the analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Hein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY USA.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Mark A Doll
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY USA
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Song F, Zhang A, Liang H, Cui L, Li W, Si H, Duan Y, Zhai H. QSAR Study for Carcinogenic Potency of Aromatic Amines Based on GEP and MLPs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:E1141. [PMID: 27854309 PMCID: PMC5129351 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13111141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A new analysis strategy was used to classify the carcinogenicity of aromatic amines. The physical-chemical parameters are closely related to the carcinogenicity of compounds. Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) is a method of predicting the carcinogenicity of aromatic amine, which can reveal the relationship between carcinogenicity and physical-chemical parameters. This study accessed gene expression programming by APS software, the multilayer perceptrons by Weka software to predict the carcinogenicity of aromatic amines, respectively. All these methods relied on molecular descriptors calculated by CODESSA software and eight molecular descriptors were selected to build function equations. As a remarkable result, the accuracy of gene expression programming in training and test sets are 0.92 and 0.82, the accuracy of multilayer perceptrons in training and test sets are 0.84 and 0.74 respectively. The precision of the gene expression programming is obviously superior to multilayer perceptrons both in training set and test set. The QSAR application in the identification of carcinogenic compounds is a high efficiency method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fucheng Song
- Department of Public Health, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Anling Zhang
- Modern Educational Technology Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Public Health, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Lianhua Cui
- Department of Public Health, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Wenlian Li
- Department of Public Health, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Hongzong Si
- Institute for Computational Science and Engineering, Laboratory of New Fibrous Materials and Modern Textile, The Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yunbo Duan
- Institute for Computational Science and Engineering, Laboratory of New Fibrous Materials and Modern Textile, The Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Honglin Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Wang CC, Chen WL, Hsiung CN, Chiang ST, Wang YC, Loh CH, Lin IS, Chen HI, Liou SH. Effect of CYP3A4 genetic polymorphisms on the genotoxicity of 4,4'-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline)-exposed workers. Occup Environ Med 2016; 74:30-38. [PMID: 27679675 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2016-103816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the relationship between 4,4'-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline) (MBOCA) exposure and micronucleus (MN) frequency, and how this association was affected by genetic polymorphism of the cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP3A4). METHODS We divided the study population into an exposed group (n=44 with total urine MBOCA ≥20 μg/g creatinine) and a control group (n=47 with total urine MBOCA <20 μg/g creatinine). Lymphocyte MN frequency (MNF) and micronucleated cell (MNC) frequency were measured by the cytokinesis-block MN assay method. MNF reported as the number of micronuclei in binucleated cells per 1000 cells, and MNC reported as the number of binucleated cells with the presence of MN per 1000 cells. CYP3A4 alleles were measured by PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS The mean MNF (6.11 vs 4.46 MN/1000 cells, p<0.001) and MNC (5.75 vs 4.15 MN/1000 cells, p<0.001) in the exposed workers was significantly higher than that in the controls. The CYP3A4 polymorphism A/A+A/G influenced the difference in the mean MNF (5.97 vs 4.38 MN/1000 cells, p<0.001) and MNC (5.60 vs 4.15 MN/1000 cells, p<0.001) between the MBOCA-exposed and control groups. After adjusting risk factors, the MNF level in the MBOCA-exposed workers was 0.520 MN cells/1000 cells (p<0.001) higher than the control group among the CYP3A4 A/A+A/G genotype. Similarly, the MNC level in the MBOCA-exposed workers was 0.593 MN/1000 cells (p<0.001) higher than the control group among the CYP3A4 A/A+A/G genotype. However, the difference in adjusted MNF and MNC between the exposed and control groups was not significant for the CYP3A4 polymorphism with the G/G genotype. CONCLUSIONS We recommend that lymphocytes MNF and MNC are good indicators to evaluate MBOCA genotoxicity. Individuals with the CYP3A4 polymorphism A/A and A/G genotypes appear to be more susceptible to MBOCA genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ching Wang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Ni Hsiung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Ta Chiang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ying-Chuan Wang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Hui Loh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - I-Shen Lin
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hong-I Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Saou-Hsing Liou
- Department of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, Republic of China
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