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Özmen P, Erdoğan H, Güngördü A, Pişkin B, Çobankara FK, Sütcü S, Şahin N. Comparison of antimicrobial efficacy of different disinfectants on the biofilm formation in dental unit water systems using dip slide and conventional methods: A pilot study. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:1241-1249. [PMID: 38328888 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Biofilm formation in dental waterlines brings opportunistic infections, especially for immunosuppressive patients. This study aimed to determine biofilm-forming microorganisms by various methods and investigate disinfectants' effects on biofilm. MATERIALS & METHODS In the study, samples were obtained from the waterlines of 10-15 aged six dental units, before (0 min.) and after chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) treatment (1, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min.), and total colony counts were performed using conventional surface smear method (SSM) and dip slide method (DSM). The Congo red agar and Christensen methods were used to examine the biofilm-forming properties of the isolates. Monitoring of biofilm presence was also visualized by SEM scanning. RESULTS When DSM and SSM are compared in all units where ClO2 and HOCl are applied, DSM can detect bacterial growth even during periods of greater exposure to disinfectant application. Although DSM can achieve a value approaching 3% even at the 10th minute in units treated with HOCl; SSM does not show reproduction at the same disinfectant exposure and duration; It was observed that in the units where ClO2 was applied, the growth was no longer observed at the 10th minute with DSM, and SSM, 50% growth in the first minute of the units treated with ClO2 could not be detected in the 5th minute. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that it can be advisable to routinely disinfect the dental unit water systems with non-toxic doses of ClO2 application before patient treatments in clinics and also to perform contamination controls at regular intervals with DSM, which is a sensitive and very practical method. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS It has been observed that the dip slide method can count bacteria more sensitively than conventional methods in dental water systems without the need for experienced personnel and equipment. The difference between biofilm formation in water systems before and after disinfectant exposure in SEM examinations is remarkable. The effects of ClO2 and HOCl on biofilm were investigated and bacterial growth was inhibited in dental units between 5 and 10 minutes with both disinfectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Özmen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Nevşehir Hacı Bektas Veli University, Nevsehir, Turkey
| | - Hilal Erdoğan
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University, Nevsehir, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Güngördü
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Bülent Pişkin
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Cappadocia University, Nevsehir, Turkey
| | - Funda Kont Çobankara
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Serdar Sütcü
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cappadocia University, Nevsehir, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Şahin
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Cappadocia University, Nevsehir, Turkey
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Estrella Y, Panzlau N, Vinokur K, Ayala S, Lin M, Gaeta T, Melniker L, Chiricolo G, Gulec N. Comparing contamination rates of sterile-covered and uncovered transducers for ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous lines. Ultrasound J 2024; 16:6. [PMID: 38324092 PMCID: PMC10850037 DOI: 10.1186/s13089-023-00347-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physicians frequently use point-of-care ultrasound for intravenous access and bloodwork in the ED. Recently, AIUM and ACEP released recommendations on ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous lines (USPIVs), but there are no agreed upon standardized policies. We sought to determine whether the use of sterile-covered transducers (SCT) decreases the rate of contamination when compared to uncovered transducers (UCT) after standard low-level disinfection (LLD). METHODS This is a randomized control trial comparing contamination rates of US transducers between SCT and UCT after their use for USPIV by the vascular access team, also known as the "PICC" team, over a 3-month period. A sample of admitted patient with an USPIV order were included and randomized to SCT (experimental) or UCT (control) arms. Transducers were swabbed and inserted into the SystemSURE Plus Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Luminometer to calculate Relative Light Units (RLU). We performed a cost analysis of requiring sterile covers for USPIVs. RESULTS The UCT and SCT arms contained 35 and 38 patients, respectively. The SCT group had a mean of 0.34 compared to the UCT group mean of 2.29. Each sterile cover costs $8.49, and over 3000 USPIVs are placed annually by the "PICC" team. CONCLUSION Contamination rates were similar among the UCT and SCT groups after LLD. 254 inpatient USPIVs are performed monthly, not including failed attempts or covers used in the ED where USPIV placement is an essential part of ED workflow. This study suggests that the use of SCT does not significantly affect transducer contamination rates. These findings question burdensome regulatory hospital policies that are not evidence-based.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonathan Estrella
- Department of Emergency Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, RWJBarnabas Health Community Medical Center, Tom's River, NJ, USA.
| | - Nathan Panzlau
- Emergency Care Specialists, Corewell Health, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kevin Vinokur
- Department of Emergency Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Samuel Ayala
- Department of Emergency Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Maya Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Theodore Gaeta
- Department of Emergency Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Lawrence Melniker
- Department of Emergency Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Gerardo Chiricolo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, RWJBarnabas Health Community Medical Center, Tom's River, NJ, USA
| | - Nazey Gulec
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brookdale Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Williams TC, Woznow T, Velapatino B, Asselin E, Nakhaie D, Bryce EA, Charles M. In vitro comparison of methods for sampling copper-based antimicrobial surfaces. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0244123. [PMID: 37847020 PMCID: PMC10714924 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02441-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Self-sanitizing surfaces such as copper (Cu) are increasingly used on high-touch surfaces to prevent the spread of harmful viruses and bacteria. Being able to monitor the antimicrobial properties of Cu is fundamental in measuring its antimicrobial efficacy. Thorough investigations into reliable methods to enumerate bacteria from self-sanitizing surfaces are lacking in the literature. This study demonstrates that direct use of Petrifilm on Cu surfaces most likely revives stressed and dying bacteria, which induces increased bacterial counts. This phenomenon was not observed with indirect collection methods. Studies assessing time-kill kinetics or long-term efficacy of Cu should consider the impact of the collection method chosen.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. C. Williams
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - T. Woznow
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - B. Velapatino
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - E. Asselin
- Department of Materials Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - D. Nakhaie
- Department of Materials Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - E. A. Bryce
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M. Charles
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Pan Y, Zhu C, Zeng WB, Fu P, Chen C, Xu BM, Gao ZF. Visual Detection of Adenosine Triphosphate by Taylor Rising: A Simple Point-of-Care Testing Method Based on Rolling Circle Amplification. Chembiochem 2021; 22:3431-3436. [PMID: 34617654 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and sensitive point-of-care testing (POCT) is an extremely critical mission in practical applications, especially for rigorous military medicine, home health care, and in the third world. Here, we report a visual POCT method for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) detection based on Taylor rising in the corner of quadratic geometries between two rod surfaces. We discuss the principle of Taylor rising, demonstrating that it is significantly influenced by contact angle, surface tension, and density of the sample, which are controlled by ATP-dependent rolling circle amplification (RCA). In the presence of ATP, RCA reaction effectively suppresses Taylor-rising behavior, due to the increased contact angle, density, and decreased surface tension. Without addition of ATP, untriggered RCA reaction is favorable for Taylor rising, resulting in a significant height. With this proposed method, visual sensitive detection of ATP without the aid of other instruments is realized with only a 5 μL droplet, which has good selectivity and a low detection limit (17 nM). Importantly, this visual method provides a promising POCT tool for user-friendly molecular diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Pan
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, P. R. China
| | - Wen Bin Zeng
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, P. R. China
| | - Pei Fu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, P. R. China
| | - Chi Chen
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, P. R. China
| | - Bao Ming Xu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Feng Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tumor Marker Detection Technology, Equipment and Diagnosis-Therapy Integration in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, P. R. China
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Zhu Y, Wu F, Trmcic A, Wang S, Warriner K. Microbiological status of reusable plastic containers in commercial grower/packer operations and risk of Salmonella cross-contamination between containers and cucumbers. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.107021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Graves D, Smith JJ, Chen L, Kreinberg A, Wallace B, White R. Biogeochemical oxidation of calcium sulfite hemihydrate to gypsum in flue gas desulfurization byproduct using sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 201:357-365. [PMID: 28692835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) is a well-established air treatment technology for coal and oil combustion gases that commonly uses lime or pulverized limestone aqueous slurries to precipitate sulfur dioxide (SO2) as crystalline calcium salts. Under forced oxidation (excess oxygen) conditions, FGD byproduct contains almost entirely (>92%) gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O), a useful and marketable commodity. In contrast, FGD byproduct formed in oxygen deficient oxidation systems contains a high percentage of hannebachite (CaSO3·0.5H2O) to yield a material with no commercial value, poor dewatering characteristics, and that is typically disposed in landfills. Hannebachite in FGD byproduct can be chemically converted to gypsum; however, the conditions that support rapid formation of gypsum require large quantities of acids or oxidizers. This work describes a novel, patent pending application of microbial physiology where a natural consortium of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) was used to convert hannebachite-enriched FGD byproduct into a commercially valuable, gypsum-enriched product (US Patent Assignment 503373611). To optimize the conversion of hannebachite into gypsum, physiological studies on the SOB were performed to define their growth characteristics. The SOB were found to be aerobic, mesophilic, neutrophilic, and dependent on a ready supply of ammonia. They were capable of converting hannebachite to gypsum at a rate of approximately five percent per day when the culture was applied to a 20 percent FGD byproduct slurry and SOB growth medium. 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that the SOB consortium contained a variety of different bacterial genera including both SOB and sulfate-reducing bacteria. Halothiobacillus, Thiovirga and Thiomonas were the dominant sulfur-oxidizing genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duane Graves
- Geosyntec Consultants Inc., Knoxville, TN, 37922, USA.
| | | | - Linxi Chen
- Geosyntec Consultants Inc., Knoxville, TN, 37922, USA
| | | | | | - Robby White
- Geosyntec Consultants, Inc., Greenville, SC, 29601, USA
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Raulf M, Weiss T, Lotz A, Lehnert M, Hoffmeyer F, Liebers V, Van Gelder R, Udo Käfferlein H, Hartwig A, Pesch B, Brüning T. Analysis of inflammatory markers and metals in nasal lavage fluid of welders. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2016; 79:1144-1157. [PMID: 27924706 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2016.1221370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Welding fumes may produce adverse health effects in the respiratory tract. To assess the relationship between exposure to welding fumes and inflammation in the upper airways, 190 male welders were examined from the WELDOX study (median age 40 yr, 54.7% smokers, and 32.9% atopics). Inhalable welding fumes were collected in the breathing zone of welders during a single shift. Chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) were measured in the welding-fume samples and in postshift nasal lavage fluid (NALF). In addition, the numbers of particles and inflammatory biomarkers, including total and differential cell counts, interleukin (IL)-8, leukotriene (LT) B4, 8-isoprostane (8-iso-PGF2α), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and immunoreactive matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, were determined. Metal concentrations in NALF correlated with airborne concentrations. No significant association was found between airborne metal concentrations and biomarkers of inflammation in NALF, whereas increasing metal concentrations in NALF resulted in increased concentrations of total protein, IL-8, MMP-9, and TIMP-1. LTB4 and 8-iso PGF2α were elevated at higher concentrations of Cr or Ni in NALF. The same was true for Fe, although the effects were less pronounced and of borderline significance. In conclusion, our results showed a significant association between the concentrations of metals and soluble inflammatory markers in the NALF of welders. The noninvasive collection of NALF is applicable in field studies, where it may serve as a suitable matrix to simultaneously assess biomarkers of exposure and effect in the upper respiratory tract in workers who are occupationally exposed to airborne hazardous substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Raulf
- a Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance , Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA) , Bochum , Germany
| | - Tobias Weiss
- a Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance , Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA) , Bochum , Germany
| | - Anne Lotz
- a Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance , Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA) , Bochum , Germany
| | - Martin Lehnert
- a Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance , Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA) , Bochum , Germany
| | - Frank Hoffmeyer
- a Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance , Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA) , Bochum , Germany
| | - Verena Liebers
- a Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance , Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA) , Bochum , Germany
| | - Rainer Van Gelder
- b Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance (IFA) , Sankt Augustin , Germany
| | - Heiko Udo Käfferlein
- a Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance , Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA) , Bochum , Germany
| | - Andrea Hartwig
- c Technische Universität Berlin, Lebensmittelchemie und Toxikologie , Berlin , Germany
- d Karlsruhe Institut für Technologie, IAB, Lebensmittelchemie und Toxikologie , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Beate Pesch
- a Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance , Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA) , Bochum , Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- a Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance , Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA) , Bochum , Germany
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Luksamijarulkul P, Pipitsangjan S. Microbial air quality and bacterial surface contamination in ambulances during patient services. Oman Med J 2015; 30:104-10. [PMID: 25960835 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2015.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to assess microbial air quality and bacterial surface contamination on medical instruments and the surrounding areas among 30 ambulance runs during service. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study of 106 air samples collected from 30 ambulances before patient services and 212 air samples collected during patient services to assess the bacterial and fungal counts at the two time points. Additionally, 226 surface swab samples were collected from medical instrument surfaces and the surrounding areas before and after ambulance runs. Groups or genus of isolated bacteria and fungi were preliminarily identified by Gram's stain and lactophenol cotton blue. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient with a p-value of less than 0.050 considered significant. RESULTS The mean and standard deviation of bacterial and fungal counts at the start of ambulance runs were 318±485cfu/m(3) and 522±581cfu/m(3), respectively. Bacterial counts during patient services were 468±607cfu/m(3) and fungal counts were 656±612cfu/m(3). Mean bacterial and fungal counts during patient services were significantly higher than those at the start of ambulance runs, p=0.005 and p=0.030, respectively. For surface contamination, the overall bacterial counts before and after patient services were 0.8±0.7cfu/cm(2) and 1.3±1.1cfu/cm(2), respectively (p<0.001). The predominant isolated bacteria and fungi were Staphylococcus spp. and Aspergillus spp., respectively. Additionally, there was a significantly positive correlation between bacterial (r=0.3, p<0.010) and fungal counts (r=0.2, p=0.020) in air samples and bacterial counts on medical instruments and allocated areas. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed high microbial contamination (bacterial and fungal) in ambulance air during services and higher bacterial contamination on medical instrument surfaces and allocated areas after ambulance services compared to the start of ambulance runs. Additionally, bacterial and fungal counts in ambulance air showed a significantly positive correlation with the bacterial surface contamination on medical instruments and allocated areas. Further studies should be conducted to determine the optimal intervention to reduce microbial contamination in the ambulance environment.
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