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Abid Khan RM, Dodani SK, Nadeem A, Jamil S, Zafar MN. Bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility profile of superficial and deep-seated skin and soft tissue infections. ASIAN BIOMED 2023; 17:55-63. [PMID: 37719324 PMCID: PMC10505063 DOI: 10.2478/abm-2023-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are caused by microbial invasion of healthy or damaged skin. SSTIs are difficult to manage and contribute to chronicity and emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Objectives To ascertain the prevalence of bacteria causing SSTIs and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Methods A prospective study between November 2020 and May 2021. A total of 447 samples from SSTIs were analyzed. Results A total of 347 samples revealed mono-bacterial growth, of which 67% were male. SSTIs are common among patients aged 21-50 years with the dominance (78%) of gram-negative rods (GNRs). Escherichia coli (36%), Klebsiella spp. (22%), Staphylococcus aureus (16%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11%) were predominant organisms. GNRs were highly resistant (>65%) to ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. For injectable antibiotics, the highest resistance was determined against ceftriaxone, and the least resistance was determined against amikacin. Resistance against carbapenem was the highest among P. aeruginosa (53%) and Klebsiella spp. (32%). S. aureus showed the highest resistance against ciprofloxacin, and the least resistance was determined against clindamycin. Of 57 S. aureus isolates, 86% isolates were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). All isolates of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were sensitive to polymyxin B and vancomycin, respectively. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant E. coli and Klebsiella spp. was higher among deep-seated SSTIs (dSSTIs). Conclusions The predominant etiology of SSTIs is GNR. Currently, there is very high resistance against oral antibiotics. Antimicrobial resistance against carbapenem has also increased. Moreover, there is a high frequency of MRSA. MDR E. coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates are frequently involved in dSSTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rao Muhammad Abid Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi74200, Pakistan
| | - Sunil Kumar Dodani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi74200, Pakistan
| | - Ali Nadeem
- Department of Microbiology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi74200, Pakistan
| | - Sana Jamil
- Department of Microbiology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi74200, Pakistan
| | - Mirza Naqi Zafar
- Department of Biochemistry, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi74200, Pakistan
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Meena M, Kishoria N, Meena DS, Sonwal VS. Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Resistance in Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Western Rajasthan India. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:257-261. [PMID: 32188395 DOI: 10.2174/1871526520666200318110447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infection with a significant economic burden on the health care system in developing countries like India. Rising antibiotic resistance is a matter of great concern. ; Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the bacteriological profile and antibiotic resistance pattern in patients with UTI in Tertiary Care Hospital in western Rajasthan India. ; Settings and Design: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted from December 2017 to November 2018 at MDM hospital S.N. medical college, Jodhpur in Western Rajasthan. ; Materials and Methods: All the patients with symptoms of urinary tract infection presented in the outpatient unit or developed symptoms within 48 hr of hospitalisation were included in the study. Only those patients with significant bacteriuria (105 colony-forming units /ml) were included. ; Results: A total of 119 (55.34%) positive urine cultures were identified. The most common bacteria isolated in the urine sample was E. coli (37.2%) followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (10.2%), Enterococci spp. (3.3%), and Pseudomonas spp. (1.9%). Gram-negative bacteria represented 92.44% of the isolates. E. coli showed maximum resistance towards co-trimoxazole (78.75%) followed by cefuroxime (77.5%) and ciprofloxacin (72.5%). Klebsiella pneumoniae showed the highest resistance against co-trimoxazole (23.75%) and ciprofloxacin (23.75%). ; Conclusion: The present study gives an idea about the common trend of antibiotic resistance of uropathogens in this region. The findings in our study will help in the formulation of antibiotic policy and the determination of empirical treatment of UTI in this region.
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Norouzian H, Shahrokhi N, Sabeti S, Bouzari S, Pooya M. Evaluation of Quinolone Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates Recovered from Urine and Feces of Patients with Acute or Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019. [DOI: 10.29252/jommid.7.4.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Mouiche MMM, Moffo F, Akoachere JFTK, Okah-Nnane NH, Mapiefou NP, Ndze VN, Wade A, Djuikwo-Teukeng FF, Toghoua DGT, Zambou HR, Feussom JMK, LeBreton M, Awah-Ndukum J. Antimicrobial resistance from a one health perspective in Cameroon: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1135. [PMID: 31426792 PMCID: PMC6700798 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is widely acknowledged as a global health problem, yet in many parts of the world its magnitude is not well elucidated. A baseline assessment of the AMR prevalence is a priority for implementation of laboratory-based AMR surveillance This review, focused on a One health approach, aimed at describing the current status of AMR in Cameroon. Methods PubMed, Google Scholar and African Journals Online databases were searched for articles published in English and French in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Retrieval and screening of article was done using a structured search string with strict inclusion/exclusion criteria. Free-text and grey literature were obtained by contacting the authors directly. The pooled prevalence and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for each pathogen–antibiotic pairs using random-effects models. Result Amongst 97 full-text articles reviewed, 66 met the eligibility criteria. The studies originated from the Centre (24; 36.4%), South-West (16; 24.2%), West (13; 19.7%), Littoral (9; 13.6%) and other (4; 6.1%) regions of Cameroon. These studies reported AMR in human (45; 68.2%), animals (9; 13.6%) and the environment (12; 18.2%). Overall, 19 species of bacteria were tested against 48 antibiotics. These organisms were resistant to all classes of antibiotics and showed high levels of multidrug resistance. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus spp were reported in 23, 19 and 18 of the human studies and revealed multidrug resistance (MDR) rates of 47.1% [95% CI (37.3–57.2%)], 51.0% [95% CI (42.0–59.9)] and 45.2% [95% CI (38.0–54.7)], respectively. Salmonella spp was reported in 6 of the animal studies and showed a MDR rate of 46.2% [95% CI (39.2–53.5%)] while Staphylococcus spp in 8 of environment studies showed MDR rate of 67.1% [95% CI (55.2–77.2%)]. Conclusion This review shows that resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics in Cameroon is high. The findings emphasize the urgent need to address gaps in the standardization of AMR diagnostics, reporting and use of available information to optimize treatment guidelines for the arsenal of antibiotics. Effective AMR surveillance through continued data sharing, large-scale collaboration, and coordination of all stakeholders is essential to understand and manage the AMR national burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Moctar Mouliom Mouiche
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon. .,MOSAIC, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Frédéric Moffo
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon.,Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Health, Department of Zootechnics, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | - Ndode Herman Okah-Nnane
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon.,Institute of Agricultural Research for Development, Veterinary Research Laboratory, Wakwa Regional Center, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Nabilah Pemi Mapiefou
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | | | - Abel Wade
- National Veterinary Laboratory (LANAVET), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Henri René Zambou
- Epidemiology-Public Health-Veterinary Association (ESPV), Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Jean Marc Kameni Feussom
- Epidemiology-Public Health-Veterinary Association (ESPV), Yaounde, Cameroon.,Cameroon Epidemiological Network for Animal Diseases (RESCAM), Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Animal Industries (MINEPIA), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Julius Awah-Ndukum
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon.,Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Health, Department of Zootechnics, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.,College of Technology, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon
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Investigation of Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Bacteria Causing the Urinary Tract Infection in Urine Samples of Patients Admitted in and Referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Hamadan. PAJOUHAN SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.52547/psj.17.3.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Odsbu I, Khedkar S, Lind F, Khedkar U, Nerkar SS, Orsini N, Tamhankar AJ, Stålsby Lundborg C. Trends in Resistance to Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporins and Carbapenems among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. Isolates in a District in Western India during 2004-2014. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E155. [PMID: 29351236 PMCID: PMC5800254 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Surveillance data on the level of resistant bacteria is needed to inform strategies to reduce the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to determine the non-susceptibility trends to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates from the district of Nashik in Western India during the period 2004-2014. Antibacterial susceptibility testing of clinical isolates was performed using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method to determine inhibitory zone diameters. The change in proportions of non-susceptible bacteria over calendar time was investigated with spline transformations in a logistic regression model. For the extended-spectrum cephalosporins, the proportions of non-susceptible E. coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates were above 78.4% and 84.9% throughout the study period, respectively. E. coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates exhibited carbapenem non-susceptibility levels as high as 76.9% and 84.1% respectively. The proportions of extended-spectrum betalactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates ranged from 38.3-85.9% in E. coli and from 45.1-93.1% in Klebsiella spp. Significantly higher proportions of non-susceptible and ESBL-producing isolates were found among isolates from inpatients compared to isolates from outpatients for both E. coli and Klebsiella spp. (p < 0.050). The high proportions of non-susceptible isolates observed show that there is great need to focus on optimal use of antibiotics to reduce the development of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingvild Odsbu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Smita Khedkar
- Bac-Test Laboratory, College Road, Nashik 422005, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Frida Lind
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Uday Khedkar
- Bac-Test Laboratory, College Road, Nashik 422005, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Sandeep S Nerkar
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Indian Initiative for Management of Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Environmental Medicine, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456006, India.
| | - Nicola Orsini
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ashok J Tamhankar
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Indian Initiative for Management of Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Environmental Medicine, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456006, India.
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Xie J, Yang L, Peters BM, Chen L, Chen D, Li B, Li L, Yu G, Xu Z, Shirtliff ME. A 16-year retrospective surveillance report on the pathogenic features and antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from FAHJU in Guangzhou representative of Southern China. Microb Pathog 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bacterial Etiology and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections in a Cameroonian City. Int J Microbiol 2016; 2016:3240268. [PMID: 27667998 PMCID: PMC5030431 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3240268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Community-acquired urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are usually treated empirically. Geographical variations in etiologic agents and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns are common. Knowledge of antibiotic resistance trends is important for improving evidence-based recommendations for empirical treatment of UTIs. Our aim was to determine the major bacterial etiologies of CAUTIs and their antibiotic resistance patterns in a cosmopolitan area of Cameroon for comparison with prescription practices of local physicians. Methods. We performed a cross-sectional descriptive study at two main hospitals in Yaoundé, collecting a clean-catch mid-stream urine sample from 92 patients having a clinical diagnosis of UTI. The empirical antibiotherapy was noted, and identification of bacterial species was done on CLED agar; antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results. A total of 55 patients had samples positive for a UTI. Ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid were the most empirically prescribed antibiotics (30.9% and 23.6%, resp.); bacterial isolates showed high prevalence of resistance to both compounds. Escherichia coli (50.9%) was the most common pathogen, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.4%). Prevalence of resistance for ciprofloxacin was higher compared to newer quinolones. Conclusions. E. coli and K. pneumoniae were the predominant bacterial etiologies; the prevalence of resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics was high.
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Ebongue CO, Tsiazok MD, Mefo'o JPN, Ngaba GP, Beyiha G, Adiogo D. [Evolution of antibiotic resistance of Enterobacteriaceae isolated at the Douala General Hospital from 2005 to 2012]. Pan Afr Med J 2015; 20:227. [PMID: 26140070 PMCID: PMC4482524 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2015.20.227.4770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cette étude vise à déterminer le profil de résistance aux antibiotiques des entérobactéries isolées à l'Hôpital Général de Douala (Cameroun) et analyser leur évolution dans le temps. Méthodes Etude rétrospective, sur une période de huit ans (2005 - 2012), portant sur l'ensemble des souches d'entérobactéries isolées chez les malades ambulatoires et hospitalisés. Les prélèvements ont été analysés au laboratoire de bactériologie de l'Hôpital Général de Douala. Résultats Les entérobactéries étaient les germes les plus fréquents sur l'ensemble des souches isolées. Nous avons noté une prédominance d’Escherichia coli (48,5%) et de Klebsiella pneumoniae (32,8%). Pendant la période d’étude, nous avons observé des taux de résistance élevés aux principales classes d'antibiotiques, et une augmentation entre 2005 et 2012 de 29,1% à 51,6% pour les céphalosporines de troisième génération, de 29,2% à 44% pour la ciprofloxacine. L'imipénème, l'amikacine et la fosfomycine étaient les molécules les plus actives avec respectivement 1,3%, 12,9% et 13,4% des souches d'entérobactéries résistantes. Conclusion L’évolution des résistances des entérobactéries aux antibiotiques est un phénomène réel dans la ville de Douala. Il expose à des difficultés de prise en charge thérapeutique des infections. Lamaitrise actuelle de ce phénomène est une véritable urgence et nécessite une implication des pouvoirs publics. Des tests spécifiques de recherche des bétalactamases à spectre élargi (BLSE) et AmpC doivent être mis en place dans nos laboratoires afin de mettre en évidence les différents phénotypes de résistances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Okalla Ebongue
- Laboratoire de Biologie Clinique de l'Hôpital Général de Douala, Douala, Cameroun ; Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Douala, Douala, Cameroun
| | - Martial Dongmo Tsiazok
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Douala, Douala, Cameroun
| | - Jean Pierre Nda Mefo'o
- Laboratoire de Biologie Clinique de l'Hôpital Général de Douala, Douala, Cameroun ; Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Douala, Douala, Cameroun
| | - Guy Pascal Ngaba
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Douala, Douala, Cameroun
| | - Gérard Beyiha
- Service de Réanimation de l'Hôpital Général de Douala, Douala, Cameroun
| | - Dieudonné Adiogo
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Douala, Douala, Cameroun
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Lyonga EE, Toukam M, Nkenfou C, Gonsu HK, Assoumou MCO, Mesembe MT, Eyoh AB, Ikomey GM, Ndze VN, Koulla-Shiro S. Resistance pattern of enterobacteriaceae isolates from urinary tract infections to selected quinolones in Yaoundé. Pan Afr Med J 2015; 21:105. [PMID: 26327943 PMCID: PMC4546718 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2015.21.105.5469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction It is estimated that 150 million urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur yearly worldwide, resulting in more than 6 billion dollar in direct healthcare cost. The etiology of UTIs is predictable, with Escherichia coli, an Enterobacteriaceae being the principal pathogen. Quinolones are usually the drug of choice. In this study, we report the resistance pattern of Enterobacteriaceae isolates from UTIs to quinolones among in-patients and out-patients at the Yaoundé Reference Hospital in Cameroon. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out for a ten-month period. Consecutive clean-catch mid-stream urine samples were collected from 207 in and out-patients. Identification was done using the Api 20E, and susceptibility testing using the Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method and the MIC was done using the E-test. Results Out of the 207 isolates, 58(28.0%) were found to be resistant to all the quinolones used in the study. The resistances observed by species were in the order: Enterobacter 4(30.8%); Klebsiella 19(29.7%); Escherichia 25 (29.4%); Proteus 2(11.8%); Serratia 4(25.0%). Quinolone resistance for Escherichia was 42.9% for In-Patients (IP) and 16.3% for Out-Patient (OP) (P-value = 0.006); Klebsiella 35.9% for IP and 20% for OP; Proteus 11.1% for IP and 12.5% for OP; Serratia 18.2% for IP and 40% for OP; Enterobacter 22.2 for IP and 50% for OP. Conclusion High resistance rates to quinolones were observed not only for in-patients but also for out-patients with urinary tract enterobacterial infections. These findings demonstrate the importance of antibiotics susceptibility testing in improving quinolones prescription practices in Cameroon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Enjema Lyonga
- Department of Microbiology, Haematology, Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon ; Centre for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Michel Toukam
- Department of Microbiology, Haematology, Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Celine Nkenfou
- Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon ; Systems Biology Laboratory, Chantal Biya's International Reference Centre (CBIRC), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Hortense Kamga Gonsu
- Department of Microbiology, Haematology, Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Marie-Claire Okomo Assoumou
- Department of Microbiology, Haematology, Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon ; Centre for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Martha Tongo Mesembe
- Centre for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Agnes Bedie Eyoh
- Department of Microbiology, Haematology, Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon ; Centre for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - George Mondinde Ikomey
- Department of Microbiology, Haematology, Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon ; Centre for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Valantine Ngum Ndze
- Department of Microbiology, Haematology, Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Sinata Koulla-Shiro
- Department of Microbiology, Haematology, Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Antimicrobial susceptibility of urinary Klebsiella pneumoniae and the emergence of carbapenem-resistant strains: A retrospective study from a university hospital in Morocco, North Africa. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.afju.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Rahman SR, Ahmed MF, Begum A. Occurrence of urinary tract infection in adolescent and adult women of shanty town in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Ethiop J Health Sci 2015; 24:145-52. [PMID: 24795516 PMCID: PMC4006209 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v24i2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary tract infection (UTI) is commonly experienced by women of various age groups especially elderly ones. We planned to find out the prevalent microbial strains causing UTI in slum inhabitant adolescent and adult women in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. METHODS AND MATERIALS Urine sample was collected from 462 UTI suspected female subjects. Pathogenic bacteria were identified using standard microbiological tests, and antimicrobial sensitivity profiles of the pathogens were determined. RESULTS Bacteriuria was present in 9% of the subjects. A higher incidence (16.8%) of UTI was noted among adult women aged above 19 years. Escherichia coli (69%), Streptococcus spp. (15%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7%) were more frequently isolated from the urine samples compared to Enterococcus faecalis (3%), Staphylococcus aureus (2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2%) and Hafnia alvei (2%). The E. coli isolates showed complete resistance to commonly used drugs, and 58% of these isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values for ciprofloxacin ranged between 64µg/ml and 512µg/ml, and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values against the isolates were 128µg/ml or above. Isolated strains of E. coli exhibited equal extent of ciprofloxacin resistance irrespective of the presence or absence of plasmid in them. CONCLUSION The extent of drug resistance among the uropathogens if ignored may render them uncontrollable. This study suggests regular monitoring of drug resistance phenotype of the UTI pathogens to reduce the morbidity of female UTI patients and offer better treatment strategy in the healthcare sectors of Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Firoz Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Aleya Begum
- Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Ares MÁ, Alcántar-Curiel MD, Jiménez-Galicia C, Rios-Sarabia N, Pacheco S, De la Cruz MÁ. Antibiotic resistance of gram-negative bacilli isolated from pediatric patients with nosocomial bloodstream infections in a Mexican tertiary care hospital. Chemotherapy 2014; 59:361-8. [PMID: 24821320 DOI: 10.1159/000362085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gram-negative bacilli are the most common bacteria causing nosocomial bloodstream infections (NBSIs) in Latin American countries. METHODS The antibiotic resistance profiles of Gram-negative bacilli isolated from blood cultures in pediatric patients with NBSIs over a 3-year period in a tertiary care pediatric hospital in Mexico City were determined using the VITEK-2 system. Sixteen antibiotics were tested to ascertain the resistance rate and the minimum inhibitory concentration using the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth micro-dilution method as a reference. RESULTS A total of 931 isolates were recovered from 847 clinically significant episodes of NBSI. Of these, 477 (51.2%) were caused by Gram-negative bacilli. The most common Gram-negative bacilli found were Klebsiella pneumoniae (30.4%), Escherichia coli (18.9%), Enterobacter cloacae (15.1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.9%), and Acinetobacter baumannii (4.6%). More than 45 and 60% of the K. pneumoniae and E. coli isolates, respectively, were resistant to cephalosporins, and 64% of the E. coli isolates were resistant to fluoroquinolones. A. baumannii exhibited low rates of resistance to antibiotics tested. In the E. cloacae and P. aeruginosa isolates, no rates of resistance higher than 38% were observed. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found that the proportion of NBSIs due to antibiotic-resistant organisms is increasing in a tertiary care pediatric hospital of Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Ares
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Clínica, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
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Kibret M, Abera B. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of E. coli from clinical sources in northeast Ethiopia. Afr Health Sci 2011; 11 Suppl 1:S40-5. [PMID: 22135643 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v11i3.70069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escherichia coli is the leading cause of urinary tract, ear, wound and other infections in humans. Increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance among E. coli is a growing concern worldwide. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli from clinical samples. METHOD A retrospective review of culture results of urine, ear discharge, pus swab from wounds, and eye discharge was done. A total of 3,149 samples were analyzed for isolation and identification of bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. RESULTS E. coli was isolated from 446 (14.2%) samples. The highest isolation rate was obtained from urine samples 203 (45.5%). High resistance rates to erythromycin (89.4%), amoxicillin (86.0%) and tetracycline (72.6%) were documented. However, significantly high degree of sensitivity rates to nitrofurantoin (96.4%), norflaxocin (90.6%), gentamicin (79.6%) and ciprofloxacin were recorded (p<0.001). Multiple antimicrobial resistances of 74.6% and increased resistance rates to all antimicrobials except ciprofloxacin were also recorded. CONCLUSION E. coli isolates showed high rates of resistance to erythromycin, amoxicillin and tetracycline. Nitrofurantoin, norflaxocin, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin are considered appropriate for empirical treatment of E. coli in the study area. Regular monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kibret
- Department of Biology, Science College, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
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Gangoue-Pieboji J, Koulla-Shiro S, Ngassam P, Adiogo D, Ndumbe P. Antimicrobial activity against gram negative bacilli from Yaounde Central Hospital, Cameroon. Afr Health Sci 2008; 6:232-5. [PMID: 17604512 PMCID: PMC1832069 DOI: 10.5555/afhs.2006.6.4.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance among bacteria pathogens is a world-wide issue. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of common pathogenic bacteria are essential to guide empirical and pathogen-specific therapy; unfortunately, these data are scarse in Cameroon. OBJECTIVE To determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Gram-negative bacilli isolated in Yaounde Central Hospital Laboratory of Bacteriology. METHODS Gram-negative bacilli isolates (n = 505), obtained from a wide range of clinical specimens (urine, pus and blood) in Yaoundé Central Hospital Laboratory of Bacteriology between March 1995 and April 1998, were evaluated for resistance to antibiotics (amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, piperacillin, cefazolin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, imipenem, gentamicin, tobramicin, ofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. RESULTS High rates of resistance were found in most of the bacteria studied. Resistance to all isolates was mostly observed for amoxicillin (87%), piperacillin (74%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (73%). Susceptibilities to third generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime, ceftazidime) and monobactame (aztreonam) were = 91% for Escherichia coli, = 71% for Klebsiella spp., = 98% for Proteus mirabilis, = 50% for Enterobacter spp. and Citrobacter spp. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was less susceptible to cefotaxime (2%) and aztreonam (33%), and highly susceptible to ceftazidime (72%) whereas Acinetobacter baumannii was highly resistant to aztreonam (100%), to cefotaxime (96%) and cetazidime (62%). Imipenem (98%) was the most active antibiotic followed by the ofloxacine (88%). Susceptibility of all isolates to gentamicin was 67%. CONCLUSION These results indicate that surveillance to antimicrobial resistance in Cameroon is necessary to monitor microbial trends, antimicrobial resistance pattern, and provide information for choosing empirical or direct therapy to physicians.
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Bassetti M, Cruciani M, Righi E, Rebesco B, Fasce R, Costa A, Molinari MP, Mengoli C, Bobbio Pallavicini F, Viscoli C. Antimicrobial use and resistance among Gram-negative bacilli in an Italian intensive care unit (ICU). J Chemother 2008; 18:261-7. [PMID: 17129836 DOI: 10.1179/joc.2006.18.3.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacilli antimicrobial resistance remains a significant problem for patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). We performed a retrospective analysis of microbiological data and antibiotic consumption over a 4-year period (2000-2003) in an Italian ICU. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae represented approximately 40% of all isolates. The most significant trend in antimicrobial use was an increase in use of 3(rd )generation cephalosporins, imipenem, and ciprofloxacin. A significant trend toward an increase in resistance rates to piperacillin, 3( rd )generation cephalosporins and ciprofloxacin was observed for K. pneumoniae and a positive correlation between resistance and drug-usage was evident for K. pneumoniae and piperacillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, and ciprofloxacin, but not for piperacillin/tazobactam. No statistically significant correlations were evidenced for P. aeruginosa. Trends in resistances were studied also for Serratia spp and Proteus spp. Isolation rates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains in pathogens studied were high, especially for K. pneumoniae (72%, 160/222) and Proteus spp (41%, 18/43). In conclusion, the study showed high resistance among Gram-negative organisms isolated in the ICU and significant ESBL production. A significant correlation between antibiotic consumption and increasing resistance was evident for K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bassetti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Genoa School of Medicine, San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy.
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Seid J, Asrat D. Occurrence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase enzymes in clinical isolates of Klebsiella species from Harar region, eastern Ethiopia. Acta Trop 2005; 95:143-8. [PMID: 15993831 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2005.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2004] [Revised: 05/21/2005] [Accepted: 05/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Extended Spectrum beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) producer and multidrug resistant Klebsiella spp. are becoming a major nosocomial pathogen globally. There are no documented reports yet on the occurrence of ESBL enzymes in Klebsiella spp. species from Ethiopia. This study was undertaken to isolate and determine the occurrence of ESBLs and multi-drug resistant Klebsiella spp. in different clinical samples obtained from patients. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in four different hospitals of Harar region (Hiwot Fana, Misrak-Arbegnoch, Police and Army) from December 2003 to February 2004. Three hundred and eighty four clinical specimens (202 sputum, 164 urine and 18 pus) were collected from patients admitted in different wards. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were performed on 57 clinical isolates by standard disk diffusion procedures against eight antimicrobial agents. The ESBLs detection was made by using cefotaxime and ceftazidime alone and in combination with clavulanate. A total of 57 (15%) Klebsiella spp. were isolated from 384 patients. Of the 57 isolates, 33 (58%) were from sputum, 18 (31.5%) from urine and 6 (10.5%) from pus. Of the 57 Klebsiella spp., 54 (94.7%) were identified as K. pneumoniae and 3 (5.3%) as K. oxytoca. Resistance was found against cephalosporins [cefotaxime (39.0%), cefoxitin (39.0%), ceftazidime (40.0%), ceftriaxone (40.0%), cephalothin (42.0%)], chloramphenicol (70.0%), gentamicin (61.0%) and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (65.0%). Analyzed Klebsiella isolates were characterized also by a high degree of multi-resistance (67.0%). In 19/57 (33.3%) of the Klebsiella isolates, ESBL production was detected. Rates of detection of ESBL producers were 42.1, 26.3, 26.3 and 5.3% in Hiwot-Fana, Misrak-Arbegnoch, Police and Army hospitals, respectively. Multi-drug resistant isolates were more prevalent among the ESBLs producers (95.0%) than non-producers (53.0%) (p=0.24). In conclusion, our results show that awareness of ESBL production by Klebsiella spp. is clinically important. In the absence of infection control measures, ESBL producing organisms readily pass horizontally from patient to patient. These strains also transiently colonize the hands of hospital staff members, thereby facilitating patient-to-patient transmission of the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemal Seid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alemaya University, P.O. Box 38, Alemaya, Ethiopia
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