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Ryan MP, Pembroke JT. The Genus Ochrobactrum as Major Opportunistic Pathogens. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1797. [PMID: 33207839 PMCID: PMC7696743 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochrobactrum species are non-enteric, Gram-negative organisms that are closely related to the genus Brucella. Since the designation of the genus in 1988, several distinct species have now been characterised and implicated as opportunistic pathogens in multiple outbreaks. Here, we examine the genus, its members, diagnostic tools used for identification, data from recent Ochrobactrum whole genome sequencing and the pathogenicity associated with reported Ochrobactrum infections. This review identified 128 instances of Ochrobactrum spp. infections that have been discussed in the literature. These findings indicate that infection review programs should consider investigation of possible Ochrobactrum spp. outbreaks if these bacteria are clinically isolated in more than one patient and that Ochrobactrum spp. are more important pathogens than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Ryan
- Department of Applied Sciences, Limerick Institute of Technology, Moylish V94 EC5T, Limerick, Ireland;
- Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX2, Ireland
| | - J. Tony Pembroke
- Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX2, Ireland
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Ochrobactrum anthropi Fulminant Early-onset Neonatal Sepsis: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2017; 36:1167-1168. [PMID: 28654560 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000001660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ochrobactrum anthropi is Gram-negative bacteria that cause infection in humans, particularly immunocompromised patients and those with indwelling central venous catheters. O. anthropi is unlikely to cause fulminant sepsis in infected patients. A few cases of late-onset neonatal sepsis have been reported in preterm infants with congenital anomalies. We hereby present the first published case of fulminant early-onset neonatal sepsis in a premature newborn.
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Poroyko V, Meng F, Meliton A, Afonyushkin T, Ulanov A, Semenyuk E, Latif O, Tesic V, Birukova AA, Birukov KG. Alterations of lung microbiota in a mouse model of LPS-induced lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L76-83. [PMID: 25957290 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00061.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and the more severe acute respiratory distress syndrome are common responses to a variety of infectious and noninfectious insults. We used a mouse model of ALI induced by intratracheal administration of sterile bacterial wall lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to investigate the changes in innate lung microbiota and study microbial community reaction to lung inflammation and barrier dysfunction induced by endotoxin insult. One group of C57BL/6J mice received LPS via intratracheal injection (n = 6), and another received sterile water (n = 7). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed at 72 h after treatment. Bacterial DNA was extracted and used for qPCR and 16S rRNA gene-tag (V3-V4) sequencing (Illumina). The bacterial load in BAL from ALI mice was increased fivefold (P = 0.03). The community complexity remained unchanged (Simpson index, P = 0.7); the Shannon diversity index indicated the increase of community evenness in response to ALI (P = 0.07). Principal coordinate analysis and analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) test (P = 0.005) revealed a significant difference between microbiota of control and ALI groups. Bacteria from families Xanthomonadaceae and Brucellaceae increased their abundance in the ALI group as determined by Metastats test (P < 0.02). In concordance with the 16s-tag data, Stenotrohomonas maltophilia (Xanthomonadaceae) and Ochrobactrum anthropi (Brucellaceae) were isolated from lungs of mice from both groups. Metabolic profiling of BAL detected the presence of bacterial substrates suitable for both isolates. Additionally, microbiota from LPS-treated mice intensified IL-6-induced lung inflammation in naive mice. We conclude that the morbid transformation of ALI microbiota was attributed to the set of inborn opportunistic pathogens thriving in the environment of inflamed lung, rather than the external infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy Poroyko
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;
| | - Fanyong Meng
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Lung Injury Center, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Angelo Meliton
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Lung Injury Center, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Taras Afonyushkin
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Lung Injury Center, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alexander Ulanov
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Ekaterina Semenyuk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Omar Latif
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Vera Tesic
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anna A Birukova
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Lung Injury Center, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Konstantin G Birukov
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Lung Injury Center, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Rogier EW, Frantz AL, Bruno MEC, Wedlund L, Cohen DA, Stromberg AJ, Kaetzel CS. Lessons from mother: Long-term impact of antibodies in breast milk on the gut microbiota and intestinal immune system of breastfed offspring. Gut Microbes 2014; 5:663-8. [PMID: 25483336 PMCID: PMC4615880 DOI: 10.4161/19490976.2014.969984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
From birth to adulthood, the gut microbiota matures from a simple community dominated by a few major bacterial groups into a highly diverse ecosystem that provides both benefits and challenges to the host. Currently there is great interest in identifying environmental and host factors that shape the development of our gut microbiota. Breast milk is a rich source of maternal antibodies, which provide the first source of adaptive immunity in the newborn's intestinal tract. In this addendum, we summarize our recent data demonstrating that maternal antibodies in breast milk promote long-term intestinal homeostasis in suckling mice by regulating the gut microbiota and host gene expression. We also discuss important unanswered questions, future directions for research in this field, and implications for human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Rogier
- Department of Microbiology; Immunology; and Molecular Genetics; University of Kentucky; Lexington, KY USA,Current address: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria; Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Aubrey L Frantz
- Department of Microbiology; Immunology; and Molecular Genetics; University of Kentucky; Lexington, KY USA,Current address: Division of Liberal Arts & Life Sciences; University of North Texas at Dallas; Dallas, TX USA
| | - Maria EC Bruno
- Department of Microbiology; Immunology; and Molecular Genetics; University of Kentucky; Lexington, KY USA
| | - Leia Wedlund
- Department of Microbiology; Immunology; and Molecular Genetics; University of Kentucky; Lexington, KY USA
| | - Donald A Cohen
- Department of Microbiology; Immunology; and Molecular Genetics; University of Kentucky; Lexington, KY USA
| | | | - Charlotte S Kaetzel
- Department of Microbiology; Immunology; and Molecular Genetics; University of Kentucky; Lexington, KY USA,Correspondence to: Charlotte S Kaetzel;
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Complete Genome Assembly of Reference Strain Ochrobactrum anthropi ATCC 49687. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2014; 2:2/5/e00962-14. [PMID: 25291772 PMCID: PMC4175208 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00962-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ochrobactrum anthropi is an occasional cause of nosocomial infections; however, interest in the organism lies in its phylogenetic proximity to the genus Brucella. Here, we present the 4.9-Mb finished genome of Ochrobactrum anthropi ATCC 49687, most commonly used as an exclusionary reference organism.
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Menezes FG, Abreu MGB, Kawagoe JY, Warth AN, Deutsch AD, Dornaus MFPS, Martino MDV, Correa L. Ochrobactrum anthropi bacteremia in a preterm infant with cystic fibrosis. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 45:559-61. [PMID: 25242942 PMCID: PMC4166283 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014005000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochrobactrum anthropi infection in newborn patients is rare, and the treatment is challenging because of its widespread and unpredictable resistance to antimicrobial agents and discrepancies between in vitro susceptibility and in vivo efficacy. We report the clinical and microbiological characteristics of Ochrobactrum anthropi bacteremia in a preterm patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gatti Menezes
- Serviço de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar Hospital Albert Einstein São PauloSP Brazil Serviço de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar, Hospital Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Gabriela Ballalai Abreu
- Serviço de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar Hospital Albert Einstein São PauloSP Brazil Serviço de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar, Hospital Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia Yaeko Kawagoe
- Serviço de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar Hospital Albert Einstein São PauloSP Brazil Serviço de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar, Hospital Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Arno Norberto Warth
- Unidde de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal Hospital Albert Einstein São PauloSP Brazil Unidde de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal, Hospital Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alice D'Agostini Deutsch
- Unidde de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal Hospital Albert Einstein São PauloSP Brazil Unidde de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal, Hospital Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda P S Dornaus
- Unidde de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal Hospital Albert Einstein São PauloSP Brazil Unidde de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal, Hospital Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marines Dalla Valle Martino
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Hospital Albert Einstein São PauloSP Brazil Laboratório de Microbiologia, Hospital Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luci Correa
- Serviço de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar Hospital Albert Einstein São PauloSP Brazil Serviço de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar, Hospital Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Qasimyar H, Hoffman MA, Simonsen KA. Late-onset Ochrobactrum anthropi sepsis in a preterm neonate with congenital urinary tract abnormalities. J Perinatol 2014; 34:489-91. [PMID: 24872126 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2014.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent trends in late-onset neonatal sepsis have revealed an increase in Gram-negative organisms as causative agents. Ochrobactrum anthropi is an emerging human pathogen that has been reported primarily in immunocompromised hosts, especially those with indwelling catheters or other medical devices. We report the occurrence of late-onset urosepsis secondary to O. anthropi in a preterm neonate with posterior urethral valves and review the salient features of the pathogen and its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Qasimyar
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - M A Hoffman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - K A Simonsen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Cooperativity among secretory IgA, the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, and the gut microbiota promotes host-microbial mutualism. Immunol Lett 2014; 162:10-21. [PMID: 24877874 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Secretory IgA (SIgA) antibodies in the intestinal tract form the first line of antigen-specific immune defense, preventing access of pathogens as well as commensal microbes to the body proper. SIgA is transported into external secretions by the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR). Evidence is reported here that the gut microbiota regulates production of SIgA and pIgR, which act together to regulate the composition and activity of the microbiota. SIgA in the intestinal mucus layer helps to maintain spatial segregation between the microbiota and the epithelial surface without compromising the metabolic activity of the microbes. Products shed by members of the microbial community promote production of SIgA and pIgR by activating pattern recognition receptors on host epithelial and immune cells. Maternal SIgA in breast milk provides protection to newborn mammals until the developing intestinal immune system begins to produce its own SIgA. Disruption of the SIgA-pIgR-microbial triad can increase the risk of infectious, allergic and inflammatory diseases of the intestine.
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Secretory antibodies in breast milk promote long-term intestinal homeostasis by regulating the gut microbiota and host gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:3074-9. [PMID: 24569806 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1315792111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of intestinal homeostasis requires a healthy relationship between the commensal gut microbiota and the host immune system. Breast milk supplies the first source of antigen-specific immune protection in the gastrointestinal tract of suckling mammals, in the form of secretory IgA (SIgA). SIgA is transported across glandular and mucosal epithelial cells into external secretions by the polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR). Here, a breeding scheme with polymeric Ig receptor-sufficient and -deficient mice was used to study the effects of breast milk-derived SIgA on development of the gut microbiota and host intestinal immunity. Early exposure to maternal SIgA prevented the translocation of aerobic bacteria from the neonatal gut into draining lymph nodes, including the opportunistic pathogen Ochrobactrum anthropi. By the age of weaning, mice that received maternal SIgA in breast milk had a significantly different gut microbiota from mice that did not receive SIgA, and these differences were magnified when the mice reached adulthood. Early exposure to SIgA in breast milk resulted in a pattern of intestinal epithelial cell gene expression in adult mice that differed from that of mice that were not exposed to passive SIgA, including genes associated with intestinal inflammatory diseases in humans. Maternal SIgA was also found to ameliorate colonic damage caused by the epithelial-disrupting agent dextran sulfate sodium. These findings reveal unique mechanisms through which SIgA in breast milk may promote lifelong intestinal homeostasis, and provide additional evidence for the benefits of breastfeeding.
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An opportunistic pathogen in a peritoneal dialysis patient: Ochrobactrum anthropi. Indian J Pediatr 2013; 80:72-4. [PMID: 22684861 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-012-0800-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The authors report a case of chronic peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis from Ochrobactrum anthropi. O. anthropi is an emerging pathogen in immunocompromised patients. O. anthropi-related peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients has rarely been reported. To the authors' knowledge, no pediatric case of O. anthropi peritonitis has been reported to date in the literature.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND ciprofloxacin has no marketing authorization for use in neonates worldwide but it is prescribed for the treatment of neonatal life-threatening infections, mainly in developing countries and in Europe. Given the concerns about its toxicity in this population and the necessity for its use in specific clinical situations, we conducted a systematic review of the use of ciprofloxacin in neonates. METHODS we performed a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and bibliographies of relevant articles. We included all studies, regardless of design, that reported efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin for the treatment of any neonatal infectious condition. We excluded letters, editorials, preliminary reports, and abstracts. RESULTS observational cohort studies, case reports, and descriptions of patient series account for all literature reviewed. Ciprofloxacin was administrated in neonates as a salvage therapy for sepsis due to multidrug-resistant strains or with signs of clinical deterioration under first-line antibiotic treatment. Initial administration was always intravenous with variable dosing schedule. Clinical response to treatment was estimated at 64% and 91% in 2 cohort studies, with a median of 83% in case series. Of the 14 case reports, 12 yielded positive clinical outcomes. No serious adverse events, particularly joint toxicity, were observed, although evaluation was predominantly clinical and follow-up limited to few months after the end of treatment. CONCLUSIONS the current literature provides some information to support the use of ciprofloxacin in neonates. Additional high quality studies should be undertaken to provide reliable data on pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and long-term safety.
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Whatmore AM. Current understanding of the genetic diversity of Brucella, an expanding genus of zoonotic pathogens. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2009; 9:1168-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Revised: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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