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Fang K, Shi Y, zhao Z, Zhao Y, Guo Y, Abudunaibi B, Qu H, Liu Q, Kang G, Wang Z, Hu J, Chen T. Trends in disease burden of hepatitis B infection in Jiangsu Province, China, 1990-2021. Infect Dis Model 2023; 8:832-841. [PMID: 37520113 PMCID: PMC10371820 DOI: 10.1016/j.idm.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) has decreased year by year in China after the expansion of vaccination, but there is still a high disease burden in Jiangsu Province of China. Methods The year-by-year incidence data of HBV in Jiangsu Province from 1990 to 2021 were collected. The incidence rates of males and females age groups were clustered by systematic clustering, and the incidence rates of each age group were analyzed and studied by using Joinpoint regression model and age-period-cohort effect model (APC). Results Joinpoint regression model and APC model showed a general decrease in HBV prevalence in both males and females. In addition, the results of the APC model showed that the age, period, and cohort effects of patients all affected the incidence of HBV, and the incidence was higher in males than in females. The incidence is highest in the population between the ages of 15 and 30 years (mean: 21.76/100,000), especially in males (mean: 31.53/100,000) than in females (mean:11.67/100,000). Another high-risk group is those over 60 years of age (mean: 21.40/100,000), especially males (mean: 31.17/100,000) than females (mean: 11.63/100,000). The period effect of the APC model suggests that HBV vaccination is effective in reducing the incidence of HBV in the population. Conclusions The incidence of HBV in Jiangsu Province showed a gradual downward trend, but the disease burden in males was higher than that in females. The incidence is higher and increasing rapidly in the population between the ages of 15 and 30 years and people over 60 years of age. More targeted prevention and control measures should be implemented for males and the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, 361102, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Shi
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing City, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, 361102, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunkang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, 361102, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, 361102, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Buasivamu Abudunaibi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, 361102, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, 361102, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, 361102, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Kang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing City, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing City, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianli Hu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing City, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianmu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, 361102, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
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Kasırga E. Lamivudine resistance in children with chronic hepatitis B. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:896-902. [PMID: 25937866 PMCID: PMC4411531 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i6.896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, although lamivudine (LAM) has a low genetic barrier, only interferon-alpha and LAM are available as a first-line treatment in children with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). LAM is a potent inhibitor of hepatitis B virus-deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV-DNA) polymerase replication by termination of the proviral HBV-DNA chain. LAM has a good safety and tolerability profile in CHB patients with hepatic decompensation. However, the main disadvantages of this HBV reverse transcriptase inhibitor are: (1) pre-existing covalently closed circular DNA cannot be eradicated by LAM, thus relapse after therapy withdrawal is frequent; and (2) although the longer LAM treatment induced the higher seroconversion rate, the risk of viral resistance increased through the selection of YMDD (tyrosine, methionine, aspartate, aspartate) motif. Insufficient suppression of viral replication leads to the emergence of resistant strains that could result in virological breakthrough which is usually followed by biochemical breakthrough. Mutant strains affects additional resistance and cross resistance, leading to drug resistance in a significant number of CHB patients. In this case, efficacy of more powerful anti-viral agents with higher genetic barrier against development of resistance is diminished. Furthermore, strains that are resistant to LAM could bring about vaccine escape mutants, decreasing the efficacy of HBV vaccine. A more potent drug with a high genetic barrier to resistance needs to be approved as the first-line treatment option for CHB in children.
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Treatment of children with chronic viral hepatitis: what is available and what is in store. World J Pediatr 2013; 9:212-20. [PMID: 23929253 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-013-0426-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, therapy of children with chronic hepatitis B and C is still based on few drugs, all burdened by a series of side-effects, unsatisfactory serum conversion rates, and/or drug-resistance. Moreover, selection of subjects to treat with conventional therapies is not univocal, especially during the pediatric age when the disease course is often mild with significant spontaneous seroconversion rate. Our review deals with pros and cons points when a physician decides to design a drug therapy for a child with chronic viral hepatitis, and different possible therapeutic opportunities. METHODS A literature search was performed through PubMed. The newest articles, reviews, systematic reviews, and guidelines were included in this review. RESULTS The management of children with viral hepatitis is still controversial over whom and when to treat and the use of drug(s). Novel therapeutic strategies have been evaluated only in clinical and preclinical trials involving, for instance, "therapeutic" vaccines. The data on safety and effectiveness of new drugs are also reviewed. CONCLUSION The results of reported studies confirmed that at least some of the new drugs, with greater efficacy and/or minor side-effects, will be used clinically.
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Osland AM, Vestby LK, Fanuelsen H, Slettemeås JS, Sunde M. Clonal diversity and biofilm-forming ability of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 67:841-8. [PMID: 22258925 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkr576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the clonal epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) isolates from dogs in Norway and to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance patterns and determine the biofilm-forming abilities of the isolates. METHODS All MRSP index isolates from each MRSP-positive dog detected in Norway until June 2011 were included (n = 23). The MICs of antimicrobial agents were determined by the VetMIC™ microdilution method. The genetic relationship between the isolates was investigated by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and PFGE. The isolates' abilities to form biofilm on polystyrene were studied. RESULTS The MRSP isolates investigated grouped into 11 different sequence types (STs); MRSP ST106 occurred most frequently. There were a relatively smaller number of isolates belonging to ST71, the largely predominant ST in Europe. Isolates belonging to ST71 had a significantly greater ability to produce biofilm compared with the other isolates, and especially compared with MRSP ST106. CONCLUSIONS A heterogeneous clonal distribution was observed among MRSP from dogs in Norway. As opposed to previous findings in Europe, MRSP clones other than ST71 have spread in Norway, such as MRSP ST106. The results also show that MRSP ST71 is possibly a good biofilm producer, and this may in turn be a contributing factor to the nosocomial character of MRSP ST71.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Mohr Osland
- Section for Bacteriology-Aquatic and Terrestrial, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, PO Box 750 Sentrum, N-0106 Oslo, Norway
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Zhong YW, Li J, Song HB, Duan ZP, Dong Y, Xing XY, Li XD, Gu ML, Han YK, Zhu SS, Zhang HF. Virologic and clinical characteristics of HBV genotypes/subgenotypes in 487 Chinese pediatric patients with CHB. BMC Infect Dis 2011; 11:262. [PMID: 21961963 PMCID: PMC3195169 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes/subgenotypes with clinical characteristics is increasingly recognized. However, the virologic and clinical features of HBV genotypes/subgenotypes in pediatric patients remain largely unknown. Methods Four hundred and eighty-seven pediatric inpatients with CHB were investigated, including 217 nucleos(t)ide analog-experienced patients. HBV genotypes/subgenotypes and reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations were determined by direct sequencing. The stage of fibrosis and degree of inflammatory activity were evaluated by the Metavir score system. Results Among 487 enrolled pediatric patients, HBV genotype C2 and B2 were the most two prevalent (73.7% and 21.1%). Comparing with HBV/B2 infected patients, no significant difference was observed in the incidence rate and mutant patterns of lamivudine- or adefovir-resistant mutations in HBV/C2 infected patients (P > 0.05). Importantly, we found that the degree of hepatic inflammation degree, fibrosis stage and ALT level were significantly higher in HBV/C2-infected HBeAg positive patients than it was in HBV/B2-infected ones. Conclusions The pediatric patients with HBV/C2 infection might be more susceptible to develop severe liver pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Wei Zhong
- Pediatric Liver Disease Therapy and Research Center, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
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