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Lodhi N, Singh R, Rajput SP, Saquib Q. SARS-CoV-2: Understanding the Transcriptional Regulation of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and the Role of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) at Codon 72 of p53 in the Innate Immune Response against Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8660. [PMID: 34445373 PMCID: PMC8395432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human ACE2 and the serine protease TMPRSS2 of novel SARS-CoV-2 are primary entry receptors in host cells. Expression of these genes at the transcriptional level has not been much discussed in detail. The ISRE elements of the ACE2 promoter are a binding site for the ISGF3 complex of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. TMPRSS2, including IFNβ, STAT1, and STAT2, has the PARP1 binding site near to TSS either up or downstream promoter region. It is well documented that PARP1 regulates gene expression at the transcription level. Therefore, to curb virus infection, both promoting type I IFN signaling to boost innate immunity and prevention of virus entry by inhibiting PARP1, ACE2 or TMPRSS2 are safe options. Most importantly, our aim is to attract the attention of the global scientific community towards the codon 72 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) of p53 and its underneath role in the innate immune response against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we discuss codon 72 SNP of human p53's role in the different innate immune response to restrict virus-mediated mortality rate only in specific parts of the world. In addition, we discuss potential targets and emerging therapies using bioengineered bacteriophage, anti-sense, or CRISPR strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Lodhi
- Clinical Research (Research and Development Division) miRNA Analytics LLC, Harlem Bio-Space, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Rubi Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | | | - Quaiser Saquib
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia;
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Lv W, Liu C, Zeng Y, Li Y, Chen W, Shi D, Guo S. Explore the potential effect of natural herbals to resist Newcastle Disease Virus. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1993-1999. [PMID: 30566670 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the dose-dependent effects of the formula on Newcastle disease virus (NDV). In in-vitro test, the formula within safety concentration scope and NDV were added into cultured chick embryo fibroblast in 3 modes, and the cellular A570 values were determined by MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethyithiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method. In in-vivo test, we examined the expression of interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) and Interferons (IFNs) in NDV-infected chickens. The results showed that the highest virus inhibitory rates of the formula at optimal concentration group were the highest (15.625 mg/mL) in post-adding and simultaneous-adding drug and virus modes, whereas medium concentration (7.813 mg/mL) showed the highest virus inhibitory rates in pre-adding drug mode. In vivo, the formula significantly upregulated the expression of IFITM3 in NDV-infected chickens at 3-D post-infection. However, the levels of IFNs were significantly downregulated. On days 5 and 7 post-infection, the levels of IFNs quickly upregulated. Moreover, the formula can significantly upregulate the antibody to resist the NDV compared with model control group on days 5 and 7 post-infection. In animals treated with the formula, the survival rate was nearly 37% higher at 7 d post-infection. We also found that the formula had a significantly stronger effect than a single herb on upregulating the expression of IFITM3. It confirmed that the formula could significantly inhibit the infectivity of NDV to chick embryo fibroblast. Also, the formula could significantly upregulated IFITM3 expression and inhibited virus replication in NDV-infected chickens. During the early stage of infection, IFNs were consumed to stimulate IFITM3 to inhibit virus replication, whereas during later stages of the infection, the formula upregulated the levels of IFNs and their antibodies to maintain a high level of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Cui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Ying Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yuefei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Wenqian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Dayou Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Shining Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
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Mindaye ST, Ilyushina NA, Fantoni G, Alterman MA, Donnelly RP, Eichelberger MC. Impact of Influenza A Virus Infection on the Proteomes of Human Bronchoepithelial Cells from Different Donors. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:3287-3297. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T. Mindaye
- Division
of Viral Products, OVRR, CBER, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Natalia A. Ilyushina
- Division
of Biotechnology Research and Review II, CDER, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Giovanna Fantoni
- Division
of Viral Products, OVRR, CBER, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Michail A. Alterman
- Division
of Cellular and Gene Therapies, OTAT, CBER, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Raymond P. Donnelly
- Division
of Biotechnology Research and Review II, CDER, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Maryna C. Eichelberger
- Division
of Viral Products, OVRR, CBER, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
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Rowse M, Qiu S, Tsao J, Yamauchi Y, Wang G, Luo M. Reduction of Influenza Virus Envelope's Fusogenicity by Viral Fusion Inhibitors. ACS Infect Dis 2016; 2:47-53. [PMID: 27622947 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.5b00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
During cell entry of an enveloped virus, the viral membrane must be fused with the cellular membrane. The virus envelope has a unique structure consisting of viral proteins and a virus-specific lipid composition, whereas the host membrane has its own structure with host membrane proteins. Compound 136 was previously found to bind in close proximity to the viral envelope and inhibit influenza virus entry. We showed here that the 136-treated influenza virus still caused hemolysis. When liposomes were used as the target membrane for 136-treated viruses, aberrant fusion occurred; few liposomes fused per virion, and glycoproteins were not distributed evenly across fusion complexes. Additionally, large fusion aggregates did not form, and in some instances, neck-like structures were found. Based on previous results and hemolysis, fusion inhibition by 136 occurs post-scission but prior to lipid mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rowse
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1025 18th Street South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Shihong Qiu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1025 18th Street South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Jun Tsao
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1025 18th Street South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Yohei Yamauchi
- Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, HPM E8.2, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guoxin Wang
- Laboratory
of Structural Biology, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Laboratory
of Structural Biology, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry College of Arts
and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
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Rodriguez A, Falcon A, Cuevas MT, Pozo F, Guerra S, García-Barreno B, Martinez-Orellana P, Pérez-Breña P, Montoya M, Melero JA, Pizarro M, Ortin J, Casas I, Nieto A. Characterization in vitro and in vivo of a pandemic H1N1 influenza virus from a fatal case. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53515. [PMID: 23326447 PMCID: PMC3542358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pandemic 2009 H1N1 (pH1N1) influenza viruses caused mild symptoms in most infected patients. However, a greater rate of severe disease was observed in healthy young adults and children without co-morbid conditions. Here we tested whether influenza strains displaying differential virulence could be present among circulating pH1N1 viruses. The biological properties and the genotype of viruses isolated from a patient showing mild disease (M) or from a fatal case (F), both without known co-morbid conditions were compared in vitro and in vivo. The F virus presented faster growth kinetics and stronger induction of cytokines than M virus in human alveolar lung epithelial cells. In the murine model in vivo, the F virus showed a stronger morbidity and mortality than M virus. Remarkably, a higher proportion of mice presenting infectious virus in the hearts, was found in F virus-infected animals. Altogether, the data indicate that strains of pH1N1 virus with enhanced pathogenicity circulated during the 2009 pandemic. In addition, examination of chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) genotype, recently reported as involved in severe influenza virus disease, revealed that the F virus-infected patient was homozygous for the deleted form of CCR5 receptor (CCR5Δ32).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Rodriguez
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, C.S.I.C. Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Ana Falcon
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, C.S.I.C. Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Cuevas
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Pozo
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Guerra
- Dpto. de Medicina Preventiva, Salud Pública y Microbiología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca García-Barreno
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pamela Martinez-Orellana
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Pérez-Breña
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Montoya
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentarias (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Melero
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Pizarro
- Servicio de Anatomia Patologica, Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Ortin
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, C.S.I.C. Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Casas
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amelia Nieto
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, C.S.I.C. Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- * E-mail:
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