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Radyuk EV, Breneva NV, Budaeva SE, Makenov MT, Stukolova OА, Bulanenko VP, Le LAT, Dao MN, Nguyen CV, Bui Thi NT, Luong MT, Nguyen TN, Balakhonov SV, Karan LS. Leptospira infection in bats in Vietnam. Acta Trop 2024:107298. [PMID: 38909726 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Bats from three provinces in Vietnam (Lai Chau, Son La, and Dong Thap) were examined for the presence of pathogenic Leptospira or specific antibodies using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Tissue specimens from 298 bats belonging to 11 species were analyzed using a real-time PCR assay specific for leptospires of pathogenic species. Leptospiral DNA was identified in 40 bats from following species: Rousettus amplexicaudatus (5/9; 55.5%), Rousettus leschenaultii (17/42; 40.4%), Myotis hasseltii (8/25; 32%), Taphozous longimanus (3/12; 25%), and Eonycteris spelaea (7/32; 21.9%). Based on secY phylogeny, sequences from M. hasseltii bore a strong resemblance to L. borgpetersenii. Sequences from other species revealed unique lineages: one of them resembled Leptospira sp., previously identified in Rousettus madagascariensis (Madagascar) and Rousettus aegyptiacus (South Africa); the second lineage showed close relation to L. kirshneri; and the third held an intermediary position between L. noguchii and L. interrogans. Through ELISA, anti-Leptospira antibodies were found in 83 of 306 bats, with the highest seroprevalence observed in R. leschenaultii (44/48; 91.6%), R. amplexicaudatus (6/8; 75%), and E. spelaea (19/25; 76%). 66 of these ELISA-positive samples were tested using MAT; 41 of them were confirmed in MAT as positive. The predominant serogroups in our study were Tarassovi and Mini.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia V Breneva
- Irkutsk Research Antiplaque Institute of Siberia and Far East Russian Federation, 664047 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Sofia E Budaeva
- Irkutsk Research Antiplaque Institute of Siberia and Far East Russian Federation, 664047 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Marat T Makenov
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga А Stukolova
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Lan Anh T Le
- Biomedicine Institute, Joint Vietnam-Russia Tropical Science and Technology Research Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Manh N Dao
- Biomedicine Institute, Joint Vietnam-Russia Tropical Science and Technology Research Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chau V Nguyen
- National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, 10 200 Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nga T Bui Thi
- Biomedicine Institute, Joint Vietnam-Russia Tropical Science and Technology Research Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Mo T Luong
- Southern Branch of Joint Vietnam-Russia Tropical Science and Technology Research Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tan N Nguyen
- Biomedicine Institute, Joint Vietnam-Russia Tropical Science and Technology Research Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sergei V Balakhonov
- Irkutsk Research Antiplaque Institute of Siberia and Far East Russian Federation, 664047 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Lyudmila S Karan
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, 111123 Moscow, Russia
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Ocular leptospirosis: lack of awareness among ophthalmologists and challenges in diagnosis. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2022; 33:532-542. [DOI: 10.1097/icu.0000000000000896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tokarevich NK, Blinova OV. Leptospirosis in Vietnam. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 2022. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-liv-1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Leptospirosis poses a serious public health problem in many countries because about 1 million people suffer annually from this severe, often fatal, infection. At present, its importance has been increasing due to development of integration processes, globalization and intensification of economic activities, inevitable anthropogenic transformation of landscapes as well as rise in number of people with occupational risk of pathogen exposure. The burden of human leptospirosis is expected to rise with demographic shifts and climate change that result in heavy rainfall and flooding. Regarding leptospirosis, Southeast Asia, including Vietnam, is among the most vulnerable global regions. The objective of the review was to analyze available published data on the spread of leptospirosis in Vietnam. More than 100 research articles were analyzed allowing to state that in Vietnam synanthropic rodents (rats), agricultural (buffaloes, cattle, pigs) and domestic animals (cats, dogs) are the main sources of leptospirosis infection in humans. It is essential that rats (cats and dogs also) in Vietnam are used for food. Among all farm animals, pigs are of maximal importance as a source of infection in humans. In Vietnam, Leptospira prevalence in pigs varies widely, up to 73%. It depends significantly on the location, farm size, age and gender of animals, etc. A large variety of Leptospira serovars have been identified in pigs in Vietnam: Tarassovi, Bratislava, Australis, Javanica, Autumnalis, Grippotyphosa, and some others. Official Vietnam reporting of leptospirosis cases based on clinical data does not reflect the real-life incidence rate in humans. However, the available seroprevalence studies reveal that, on average, about 10% of the Vietnamese population are infected with Leptospira. Work in agriculture is the dominant risk factor for acquiring this infection. The highest Leptospira seroprevalence rates were detected in farmers, 63.2%. Serovar diversity is typical for pathogenic Leptospira circulating in Vietnam. In humans, the most frequent are antibodies to Hebdomadis, Wolffi and Icterohaemorrhagiae, but the frequency varied markedly across the country depending on the site, possibly with relation to the environment, as well as with economic activity of the local population. In Vietnam, geographic, climatic and social differences between northern, central and southern regions contribute to the specificity of local leptospirosis epidemiology. This emphasizes the advisability of developing special measures for leptospirosis prevention taking into account regional peculiarities.
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