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Apostolopoulos ID, Papandrianos NI, Papathanasiou ND, Papageorgiou EI. Fuzzy Cognitive Map Applications in Medicine over the Last Two Decades: A Review Study. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:139. [PMID: 38391626 PMCID: PMC10886348 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) have become an invaluable tool for healthcare providers because they can capture intricate associations among variables and generate precise predictions. FCMs have demonstrated their utility in diverse medical applications, from disease diagnosis to treatment planning and prognosis prediction. Their ability to model complex relationships between symptoms, biomarkers, risk factors, and treatments has enabled healthcare providers to make informed decisions, leading to better patient outcomes. This review article provides a thorough synopsis of using FCMs within the medical domain. A systematic examination of pertinent literature spanning the last two decades forms the basis of this overview, specifically delineating the diverse applications of FCMs in medical realms, including decision-making, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment optimisation, risk assessment, and pharmacovigilance. The limitations inherent in FCMs are also scrutinised, and avenues for potential future research and application are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikolaos I Papandrianos
- Department of Energy Systems, University of Thessaly, Gaiopolis Campus, 41500 Larisa, Greece
| | | | - Elpiniki I Papageorgiou
- Department of Energy Systems, University of Thessaly, Gaiopolis Campus, 41500 Larisa, Greece
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Abdelhamid AS, Elzayat S, Amer MA, Elsherif HS, Lekakis G, Most SP. Arabic translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the BDDQ-AS for rhinoplasty patients. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 52:11. [PMID: 36759927 PMCID: PMC9912650 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-022-00613-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is a significant aspect that compromises patient satisfaction after rhinoplasty. BDDQ-AS (Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire-Aesthetic Surgery) is a validated, simple, reliable patient-reported outcome measure. It is a screening tool to detect body dysmorphic disorder in rhinoplasty patients. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate BDDQ-AS to Arabic as a novel tool for screening and detecting BDD in Arabic rhinoplasty individuals. METHODS BDDQ-AS was translated from English to Arabic following the international consensus guidelines. We tested the translation on ten Arabic-speaking rhinoplasty patients to ensure that the final version was understandable and acceptable. The proposed Arabic version was then completed by 112 patients whose average age was 28.79 ± 9.32 years. The screening is assumed positive if the patients expressed bother and preoccupation about their appearance (questions 1 and 2 "yes"), as well as a moderately disrupted everyday life (question 7 "yes" or questions 3, 4, 5, or 6 are equal to or greater than "3''). The internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and item-response theory (IRT) were used to evaluate psychometric validations. RESULTS The Arabic BDDQ had a high level of internal consistency, as measured by Cronbach's alpha 0.995. The A-BDDQ-AS was deemed reliable with an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of 0.989. A-BDDQ had good discrimination scores (above 2.0) with adequate difficulty parameters. The overall scale content validity average was 0.83, affirming that all items were relevant, clear, and straightforward. CONCLUSION The Arabic version of the BDDQ-AS is reliable, culturally adapted, and psychometrically validated to be readily used and incorporated into clinical practice. It is a beneficial tool that can guide the screening of Arabic rhinoplasty patients suffering from body dysmorphic disorder and be utilized in further studies to optimize patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. Abdelhamid
- grid.411978.20000 0004 0578 3577Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, El-Geish Street, Kafrelsheikh, 33155 Egypt
| | - Saad Elzayat
- grid.411978.20000 0004 0578 3577Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, El-Geish Street, Kafrelsheikh, 33155 Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Amer
- grid.412258.80000 0000 9477 7793Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, El-Gesih St., Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hossam S. Elsherif
- grid.412258.80000 0000 9477 7793Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, El-Gesih St., Tanta, Egypt
| | - Garyfalia Lekakis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Moliere Longchamp Hospital, Rue Marconi 142, 1190 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sam P. Most
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 801 Welch Road Palo Alto, Stanford, CA 94304 USA
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Giannopoulos AE, Spantideas ST, Capsalis C, Papageorgiou P, Kapsalis N, Kontoangelos K, Papageorgiou C. Instantaneous radiated power of brain activity: application to prepulse inhibition and facilitation for body dysmorphic disorder. Biomed Eng Online 2021; 20:108. [PMID: 34689781 PMCID: PMC8543766 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-021-00946-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Global measures of neuronal activity embrace the advantage of a univariate, holistic and unique description of brain activity, reducing the spatial dimensions of electroencephalography (EEG) analysis at the cost of lower precision in localizing effects. In this work, the instantaneous radiated power (IRP) is proposed as a new whole-brain descriptor, reflecting the cortical activity from an exclusively electromagnetic perspective. Considering that the brain consists of multiple elementary dipoles, the whole-brain IRP takes into account the radiational contribution of all cortical sources. Unlike conventional EEG analyses that evaluate a large number of scalp or source locations, IRP reflects a whole-brain, event-related measure and forces the analysis to focus on a single time-series, thus efficiently reducing the EEG spatial dimensions and multiple comparisons. Results To apply the developed methodology in real EEG data, two groups (25 controls vs 30 body dysmorphic disorder, BDD, patients) were matched for age and sex and tested in a prepulse inhibition (PPI) and facilitation (PPF) paradigm. Two global brain descriptors were extracted for between-groups and between-conditions comparison purposes, namely the global field power (GFP) and the whole-brain IRP. Results showed that IRP can replicate the expected condition differences (with PPF being greater than PPI responses), exhibiting also reduced levels in BDD compared to control group overall. There were also similar outcomes using GFP and IRP, suggesting consistency between the two measures. Finally, regression analysis showed that the PPI-related IRP (during N100 time-window) is negatively correlated with BDD psychometric scores. Conclusions Investigating the brain activity with IRP significantly reduces the data dimensionality, giving insights about global brain synchronization and strength. We conclude that IRP can replicate the existing evidence regarding sensorimotor gating effects, revealing also group electrophysiological alterations. Finally, electrophysiological IRP responses exhibited correlations with BDD psychometrics, potentially useful as supplementary tool in BDD symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios E Giannopoulos
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Street, Postal Code 15780, Athens, Greece.
| | - Sotirios T Spantideas
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Street, Postal Code 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Capsalis
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Street, Postal Code 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Panos Papageorgiou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kapsalis
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Street, Postal Code 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kontoangelos
- First Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, 74 Vas. Sophias Ave., 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalabos Papageorgiou
- First Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, 74 Vas. Sophias Ave., 11528, Athens, Greece.,University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "COSTAS STEFANIS", (UMHRI), Athens, Greece
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Abstract
AbstractFuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) have been widely applied to analyze complex, causal-based systems in terms of modeling, decision making, analysis, prediction, classification, etc. This study reviews the applications and trends of FCMs in the field of systems risk analysis to the end of August 2020. To this end, the concepts of failure, accident, incident, hazard, risk, error, and fault are focused in the context of the conventional risks of the systems. After reviewing risk-based articles, a bibliographic study of the reviewed articles was carried out. The survey indicated that the main applications of FCMs in the systems risk field were in management sciences, engineering sciences and industrial applications, and medical and biological sciences. A general trend for potential FCMs’ applications in the systems risk field is provided by discussing the results obtained from different parts of the survey study.
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Rabaioli L, Oppermann PDO, Pilati NP, Klein CFG, Bernardi BL, Migliavacca R, Lavinsky-Wolff M. Evaluation of postoperative satisfaction with rhinoseptoplasty in patients with symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 88:539-545. [PMID: 32978118 PMCID: PMC9422649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder among candidates for plastic surgery may vary from 6% to 54%. Some studies report discrete benefits with the surgical results, while others show symptomatic exacerbation. Some authors even affirm that body dysmorphic disorder would be a surgical contraindication, against others who suggest satisfactory results. OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder in rhinoseptoplasty candidates and to compare outcomes among patients with and without body dysmorphic disorder symptoms. METHODS Cohort study. Individuals ≥ 16 years, candidates for aesthetic and/or functional rhinoseptoplasty were recruited at a university hospital in Brazil. The prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder was assessed through the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination (BDDE) and the patients divided into groups: no symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder, mild-moderate and severe symptoms. The specific quality of life outcomes, Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) and Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE) were evaluated before and after 90 and 180 days of the procedure. RESULTS 131 individuals were included, 59.5% female. The prevalence of preoperative symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder was 38%. There was a reduction in the symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder in the preoperative body dysmorphic disorder examination versus 3 and 6 months in all groups (78.94 ± 2.46 vs. 33.63 ± 6.41 and 35.51 ± 5.92, respectively, p < 0.002). Among patients with severe body dysmorphic disorder symptoms, rhinoplasty outcome evaluation ranged from 21.24 ± 3.88 to 58.59 ± 5.83 at 3 months and 52.02 ± 5.41 at 6 months postoperatively (p < 0.001); while NOSE from 71 ± 8.47 to 36.11 ± 12.10 at 6 months postoperatively (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder symptoms in our sample was high. Rhinoseptoplasty was associated with an improvement in quality of life outcomes related to nasal function and aesthetic outcome in all groups, irrespective of the presence and intensity of body dysmorphic disorder symptoms. Rhinoseptoplasty in body dysmorphic disorder symptomatic patients was also associated with a reduction in postoperative body dysmorphic disorder symptoms, even in severe cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísi Rabaioli
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Ciências Cirúrgicas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas Porto Alegre (HCPA), Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | | | - Natália Paseto Pilati
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Medicina, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cássia Feijó Gomes Klein
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Medicina, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Luiza Bernardi
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Medicina, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Raphaella Migliavacca
- Hospital de Clínicas Porto Alegre (HCPA), Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Michelle Lavinsky-Wolff
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Ciências Cirúrgicas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas Porto Alegre (HCPA), Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Dogu E, Albayrak YE, Tuncay E. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis risk factors assessment with intuitionistic fuzzy cognitive maps. JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & FUZZY SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/jifs-179470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Dogu
- Industrial Engineering Department, Galatasaray University, Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Y. Esra Albayrak
- Industrial Engineering Department, Galatasaray University, Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esin Tuncay
- Yedikule Chest Diseases & Thoracic Surgery Training & Research Hospital, Zeytinburnu, Istanbul, Turkey
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Chandawarkar A, Chartier C, Kanevsky J, Cress PE. A Practical Approach to Artificial Intelligence in Plastic Surgery. Aesthet Surg J Open Forum 2020; 2:ojaa001. [PMID: 33791621 PMCID: PMC7671238 DOI: 10.1093/asjof/ojaa001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the intersection of technology and plastic surgery has been and will be essential to positioning plastic surgeons at the forefront of surgical innovation. This account of the current and future applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in reconstructive and aesthetic surgery introduces us to the subset of issues amenable to support from this technology. It equips plastic surgeons with the knowledge to navigate technical conversations with peers, trainees, patients, and technical partners for collaboration and to usher in a new era of technology in plastic surgery. From the mathematical basis of AI to its commercially viable applications, topics introduced herein constitute a framework for design and execution of quantitative studies that will better outcomes and benefit patients. Finally, adherence to the principles of quality data collection will leverage and amplify plastic surgeons’ creativity and undoubtedly drive the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Chandawarkar
- Corresponding Author: Dr Akash Chandawarkar, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 601 N. Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287. E-mail: ; Twitter: @AChandMD
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Fonseca CC, Veiga DF, Garcia EDS, Cabral IV, de Carvalho MM, de Brito MJA, Ferreira LM. Breast Hypertrophy, Reduction Mammaplasty, and Body Image. Aesthet Surg J 2018; 38:972-979. [PMID: 29425275 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjx271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body image dissatisfaction is one of the major factors that motivate patients to undergo plastic surgery. However, few studies have associated body satisfaction with reduction mammaplasty. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of breast hypertrophy and reduction mammaplasty on body image. METHODS Breast hypertrophy patients, with reduction mammaplasty already scheduled between June 2013 and December 2015 (mammaplasty group, MG), were prospectively evaluated through the body dysmorphic disorder examination (BDDE), body investment scale (BIS), and breast evaluation questionnaire (BEQ55) tools. Women with normal-sized breasts were also evaluated as study controls (normal-sized breast group, NSBG). All the participants were interviewed at the initial assessment and after six months. Data were analyzed before and after six months. RESULTS Each group consisted of 103 women. The MG group had a significant improvement in BDDE, BIS, and BEQ55 scores six months postoperatively (P ≤ 0.001 for the three instruments), whereas the NSBG group showed no alteration in results over time (P = 0.876; P = 0.442; and P = 0.184, respectively). In the intergroup comparison it was observed that the MG group began to invest more in the body, similarly to the NSBG group, and surpassed the level of satisfaction and body image that the women of the NSBG group had after the surgery. CONCLUSIONS Reduction mammaplasty promoted improvement in body image of women with breast hypertrophy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Costa Fonseca
- Translational Surgery Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Francescato Veiga
- Translational Surgery Graduate Program, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Universidade do Vale do Sapucaí, Pouso Alegre, MG, Brazil
| | - Edgard da Silva Garcia
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Universidade do Vale do Sapucaí (UNIVÁS), Pouso Alegre, MG, Brazil
| | - Isaías Vieira Cabral
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Universidade do Vale do Sapucaí (UNIVÁS), Pouso Alegre, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Maria José Azevedo de Brito
- Dr de Brito is an Affiliate Professor, Translational Surgery Graduate Program, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Division of Psychology, UNIVÁS, Pouso Alegre, MG, Brazil
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Wang Q, Cao C, Guo R, Li X, Lu L, Wang W, Li S. Avoiding Psychological Pitfalls in Aesthetic Medical Procedures. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2016; 40:954-961. [PMID: 27761610 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-016-0715-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in an aesthetic surgery setting in the region of Southwest China, and to ascertain the differences in terms of body images between patients in the aesthetic setting and general Chinese population. This study tracked patient satisfaction with their body image changes while undergoing aesthetic medical procedures to identify whether the condition of patients who were presenting with BDD symptoms or their psychological symptoms could be improved by enhancing their appearance. Additionally, this study explored whether there was improvement in quality of life (QoL) and self-esteem after aesthetic medical procedures. METHODS A total of 106 female patients who were undergoing aesthetic medical procedures for the first time (plastic surgery, n = 26; minimally invasive aesthetic treatment, n = 42; and aesthetic dermatological treatment, n = 38) were classified as having body dysmorphic disorder symptoms or not having body dysmorphic disorder symptoms, based on the body dysmorphic disorder examination (BDDE), which was administered preoperatively. These patients were followed up for 1 month after the aesthetic procedures. The multidimensional body self-relations questionnaire-appearance scales (MBSRQ-AS) and rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSE-S) were used to assess patients' preoccupation with appearance and self-esteem pre-procedure and 1 month post-procedure. Additionally, 100 female healthy control participants were recruited as a comparative group into this study and they were also assessed using BDDE, MBSRQ-AS, and RSE-S. RESULTS A total of 14.2 % of 106 aesthetic patients and 1 % of 100 healthy controls were diagnosed with BDD to varying extents. BDDE scores were 72.83 (SD ± 30.7) and 68.18 (SD ± 31.82), respectively, before and after the procedure for the aesthetic patient group and 43.44 (SD ± 15.65) for the healthy control group (F = 34.28; p < 0.001). There was a significant difference between the groups in subscales of MBSRQ-AS, i.e. appearance evaluation (F = 31.31; p < 0.001), appearance orientation (F = 31.65; p < 0.001), body areas satisfaction (F = 27.40; p < 0.001), and RSE-S scores (F = 20.81; p < 0.001). There was no significant difference, however, in subscales of MBSRQ-AS, i.e. overweight preoccupation (F = 1.685; p = 0.187), self-classified weight (F = 0.908; p = 0.404) between groups. All the subscales of MBSRQ-AS showed significant differences between the aesthetic patients (pre-procedure) and female adult norms from Dr. Cash's result given in Table 4 (p < 0.001). The study also showed that there were no significant differences in the scores of BDDE, MBSRQ-AS, and RSE-S of those fifteen aesthetic patients diagnosed with BDD after aesthetic procedures lasting one month. CONCLUSION There was a high prevalence rate (14.2 %) of body dysmorphic disorder in aesthetic procedure seekers, and it seemed that those patients suffering from BDD were more likely to be dissatisfied with the results of the aesthetic medical procedures. However, general aesthetic patients showed improvement in most assessments which indicated that aesthetic medical procedures could not only enhance patient appearance, but also patient low self-esteem and QoL. Self-satisfaction could also be promoted. A screening procedure for BDD including suitable screening questionnaires might be considered for routine use in aesthetic clinical settings to minimize dissatisfaction and complaints. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV This journal requires that the authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors. www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chuan Cao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaoge Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lele Lu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wenping Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shirong Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Ramos TD, Brito MJAD, Piccolo MS, Rosella MFNDSM, Sabino M, Ferreira LM. Body Dysmorphic Symptoms Scale for patients seeking esthetic surgery: cross-cultural validation study. SAO PAULO MED J 2016; 134:480-490. [PMID: 27463406 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2016.0068160416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Rhinoplasty is one of the most sought-after esthetic operations among individuals with body dysmorphic disorder. The aim of this study was to cross-culturally adapt and validate the Body Dysmorphic Symptoms Scale. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-cultural validation study conducted in a plastic surgery outpatient clinic of a public university hospital. METHODS Between February 2014 and March 2015, 80 consecutive patients of both sexes seeking rhinoplasty were selected. Thirty of them participated in the phase of cultural adaptation of the instrument. Reproducibility was tested on 20 patients and construct validity was assessed on 50 patients, with correlation against the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale for Body Dysmorphic Disorder. RESULTS The Brazilian version of the instrument showed Cronbach's alpha of 0.805 and excellent inter-rater reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC = 0.873; P < 0.001) and intra-rater reproducibility (ICC = 0.939; P < 0.001). Significant differences in total scores were found between patients with and without symptoms (P < 0.001). A strong correlation (r = 0.841; P < 0.001) was observed between the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale for Body Dysmorphic Disorder and the Body Dysmorphic Symptoms Scale. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.981, thus showing good accuracy for discriminating between presence and absence of symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder. Forty-six percent of the patients had body dysmorphic symptoms and 54% had moderate to severe appearance-related obsessive-compulsive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The Brazilian version of the Body Dysmorphic Symptoms Scale is a reproducible instrument that presents face, content and construct validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Dalpasquale Ramos
- BSc. Master's Student, Postgraduate Program on Translational Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria José Azevedo de Brito
- PhD. Affiliate Professor, College of Health Science, Universidade do Vale do Sapucaí (UNIVÁS), Minas Gerais; Postdoctoral Researcher, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mônica Sarto Piccolo
- MD, PhD. Adjunct Professor, Postgraduate Program on Translational Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Miguel Sabino
- MD, PhD. Associate Professor, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lydia Masako Ferreira
- MD, PhD. Full Professor, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Patients Seeking Abdominoplasty, Rhinoplasty, and Rhytidectomy. Plast Reconstr Surg 2016; 137:462-471. [PMID: 26818280 DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000475753.33215.8f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body dysmorphic disorder may negatively affect self-perception of body shape and lead patients to seek cosmetic surgery. This study estimates the level of body dissatisfaction and prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder symptoms in candidates for three plastic surgical procedures. METHODS Three hundred patients of both sexes divided into three groups (abdominoplasty, n = 90; rhinoplasty, n =151; and rhytidectomy, n =59) were classified as having (n =51, n =79, and n =25, respectively) or not having (n =39, n =72, and n =34, respectively) body dysmorphic disorder symptoms, based on the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination, which was administered preoperatively. RESULTS Prevalence rates of body dysmorphic disorder symptoms in the abdominoplasty, rhinoplasty, and rhytidectomy groups were 57, 52, and 42 percent, respectively. Significant between-group differences were observed regarding age (p < 0.001), body mass index (p = 0.001), and onset of body dysmorphic disorder symptoms (p < 0.001). Within-group differences in body dysmorphic disorder severity were observed in the abdominoplasty (p < 0.001), rhinoplasty (p < 0.001), and rhytidectomy (p = 0.005) groups. Body dysmorphic disorder severity was significantly associated with degree of body dissatisfaction (mean Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination total scores; p < 0.001), avoidance behaviors (p< 0.001), sexual abuse (p = 0.026), suicidal ideation (p < 0.001), and suicide attempt (p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS Abdominoplasty candidates showed the highest prevalence; rhytidectomy candidates exhibited the highest percentage of severe cases, and rhinoplasty candidates had the lowest percentage of severe cases.
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de Brito MJ, Sabino Neto M, de Oliveira MF, Cordás TA, Duarte LS, Rosella MF, Felix GA, Ferreira LM. Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD-YBOCS): Brazilian Portuguese translation, cultural adaptation and validation. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2016; 37:310-6. [PMID: 26692429 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2015-1664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To translate, culturally adapt, and validate a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD-YBOCS). METHODS Ninety-three patients of both sexes seeking rhinoplasty were consecutively selected at the Plastic Surgery Outpatient Clinic of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil, between May 2012 and March 2013. The BDD-YBOCS was translated into Brazilian Portuguese. Thirty patients participated in the cultural adaptation of the scale. The final version was tested for reliability in 20 patients, and for construct validity in 43 patients (correlation of the BDD-YBOCS with the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination [BDDE]). RESULTS Total Cronbach's alpha was 0.918. The BDD-YBOCS had excellent inter-rater (intra-class correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.934; p < 0.001) and intra-rater reliability (ICC = 0.999; p < 0.001). Significant differences in BDD-YBOCS scores were found between patients with and without BDD symptoms (p < 0.001), and among patients with different levels of BDD severity (p < 0.001). A strong correlation (r = 0.781; p < 0.001) was observed between the BDDE and the BDD-YBOCS. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.851, suggesting a very good accuracy for discriminating between presence and absence of BDD symptoms. CONCLUSION The Brazilian Portuguese version of the BDD-YBOCS is a reliable instrument, showing face, content and construct validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J de Brito
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Miguel Sabino Neto
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mário F de Oliveira
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Táki A Cordás
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro S Duarte
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria F Rosella
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel A Felix
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lydia M Ferreira
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Reply: The Continuous Nature of Body Dysmorphic Symptoms and Plastic Surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 2016; 138:554e-555e. [PMID: 27140052 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000002444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Brito MJAD, Nahas FX, Cordás TA, Gama MG, Sucupira ER, Ramos TD, Felix GDAA, Ferreira LM. Prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder Symptoms and Body Weight Concerns in Patients Seeking Abdominoplasty. Aesthet Surg J 2016; 36:324-32. [PMID: 26851144 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjv213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is one of the most common psychiatric conditions found in patients seeking cosmetic surgery, and body contouring surgery is most frequently sought by patients with BDD. OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence and severity of BDD symptoms in patients seeking abdominoplasty. METHODS Ninety patients of both sexes were preoperatively divided into two groups: patients with BDD symptoms (n = 51) and those without BDD symptoms (n = 39) based both on the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination (BDDE) and clinical assessment. Patients in the BDD group were classified as having mild to moderate or severe symptoms, according to the BDDE. Body weight and shape concerns were assessed using the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). RESULTS The prevalence of BDD symptoms was 57%. There were significant associations between BDD symptoms and degree of body dissatisfaction, level of preoccupation with physical appearance, and avoidance behaviors. Mild to moderate and severe symptoms of BDD were present in 41% and 59% of patients, respectively, in the BDD group. It was found that the more severe the symptoms of BDD, the higher the level of concern with body weight and shape (P < .001). Patients having distorted self-perception of body shape, or distorted comparative perception of body image were respectively 3.67 or 5.93 times more likely to show more severe symptoms of BDD than those with a more accurate perception. CONCLUSIONS Candidates for abdominoplasty had a high prevalence of BDD symptoms, and body weight and shape concerns were associated with increased symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria José Azevedo de Brito
- Dr De Brito is an Affiliate Professor, College of Health Science, Universidade do Vale do Sapucaí, Minas Gerais; and A Postdoctoral Researcher, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Nahas is an Affiliate Professor and Dr Ferreira is a Full Professor, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Cordás is a Joint Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Gama is an Associate Professor, Institute of Social Sciences, Universidade do Minho, Guimaraes, Portugal. Dr Sucupira is a plastic surgeon in private practice in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Ms Ramos is a Graduate Student in the Graduate Program in Translational Surgery, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Felix is a Medical Resident, Paulista School of Medicine, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Xerfan Nahas
- Dr De Brito is an Affiliate Professor, College of Health Science, Universidade do Vale do Sapucaí, Minas Gerais; and A Postdoctoral Researcher, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Nahas is an Affiliate Professor and Dr Ferreira is a Full Professor, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Cordás is a Joint Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Gama is an Associate Professor, Institute of Social Sciences, Universidade do Minho, Guimaraes, Portugal. Dr Sucupira is a plastic surgeon in private practice in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Ms Ramos is a Graduate Student in the Graduate Program in Translational Surgery, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Felix is a Medical Resident, Paulista School of Medicine, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Táki Athanássios Cordás
- Dr De Brito is an Affiliate Professor, College of Health Science, Universidade do Vale do Sapucaí, Minas Gerais; and A Postdoctoral Researcher, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Nahas is an Affiliate Professor and Dr Ferreira is a Full Professor, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Cordás is a Joint Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Gama is an Associate Professor, Institute of Social Sciences, Universidade do Minho, Guimaraes, Portugal. Dr Sucupira is a plastic surgeon in private practice in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Ms Ramos is a Graduate Student in the Graduate Program in Translational Surgery, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Felix is a Medical Resident, Paulista School of Medicine, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Gabriela Gama
- Dr De Brito is an Affiliate Professor, College of Health Science, Universidade do Vale do Sapucaí, Minas Gerais; and A Postdoctoral Researcher, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Nahas is an Affiliate Professor and Dr Ferreira is a Full Professor, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Cordás is a Joint Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Gama is an Associate Professor, Institute of Social Sciences, Universidade do Minho, Guimaraes, Portugal. Dr Sucupira is a plastic surgeon in private practice in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Ms Ramos is a Graduate Student in the Graduate Program in Translational Surgery, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Felix is a Medical Resident, Paulista School of Medicine, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rodrigues Sucupira
- Dr De Brito is an Affiliate Professor, College of Health Science, Universidade do Vale do Sapucaí, Minas Gerais; and A Postdoctoral Researcher, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Nahas is an Affiliate Professor and Dr Ferreira is a Full Professor, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Cordás is a Joint Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Gama is an Associate Professor, Institute of Social Sciences, Universidade do Minho, Guimaraes, Portugal. Dr Sucupira is a plastic surgeon in private practice in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Ms Ramos is a Graduate Student in the Graduate Program in Translational Surgery, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Felix is a Medical Resident, Paulista School of Medicine, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Dalpasquale Ramos
- Dr De Brito is an Affiliate Professor, College of Health Science, Universidade do Vale do Sapucaí, Minas Gerais; and A Postdoctoral Researcher, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Nahas is an Affiliate Professor and Dr Ferreira is a Full Professor, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Cordás is a Joint Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Gama is an Associate Professor, Institute of Social Sciences, Universidade do Minho, Guimaraes, Portugal. Dr Sucupira is a plastic surgeon in private practice in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Ms Ramos is a Graduate Student in the Graduate Program in Translational Surgery, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Felix is a Medical Resident, Paulista School of Medicine, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel de Almeida Arruda Felix
- Dr De Brito is an Affiliate Professor, College of Health Science, Universidade do Vale do Sapucaí, Minas Gerais; and A Postdoctoral Researcher, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Nahas is an Affiliate Professor and Dr Ferreira is a Full Professor, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Cordás is a Joint Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Gama is an Associate Professor, Institute of Social Sciences, Universidade do Minho, Guimaraes, Portugal. Dr Sucupira is a plastic surgeon in private practice in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Ms Ramos is a Graduate Student in the Graduate Program in Translational Surgery, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Felix is a Medical Resident, Paulista School of Medicine, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lydia Masako Ferreira
- Dr De Brito is an Affiliate Professor, College of Health Science, Universidade do Vale do Sapucaí, Minas Gerais; and A Postdoctoral Researcher, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Nahas is an Affiliate Professor and Dr Ferreira is a Full Professor, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Cordás is a Joint Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Gama is an Associate Professor, Institute of Social Sciences, Universidade do Minho, Guimaraes, Portugal. Dr Sucupira is a plastic surgeon in private practice in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Ms Ramos is a Graduate Student in the Graduate Program in Translational Surgery, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil. Dr Felix is a Medical Resident, Paulista School of Medicine, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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Body dysmorphic disorder should not be considered an exclusion criterion for cosmetic surgery. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2015; 68:270-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2014.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Mirror, mirror on the wall, which breast is bigger of them all. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2014; 2:e105. [PMID: 25289299 PMCID: PMC4173825 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Summary: Symmetry is a topic of utmost importance when interviewing a patient who comes asking for cosmetic surgery. We must warn that asymmetry is “the normal.” There is no perfect symmetry in the human body, and this overstated search can be sign of psychological and psychiatric disorders. Sometimes multiple procedures are needed to improve a breast’s symmetry and appearance. To give an extra intraoperative view, the authors have developed a new instrument to be used during the mammoplasty (reduction or augmentation) surgery.
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Felix GAA, de Brito MJA, Nahas FX, Tavares H, Cordás TA, Dini GM, Ferreira LM. Patients with mild to moderate body dysmorphic disorder may benefit from rhinoplasty. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2014; 67:646-54. [PMID: 24508222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is one of the most common psychiatric conditions found in patients seeking cosmetic surgery. BDD is also a challenge for plastic surgeons because it is still an underdiagnosed mental disorder. The aims of this study were to prospectively investigate whether patients with mild to moderate BDD are suitable for rhinoplasty, and to assess BDD severity and patient satisfaction with the surgical outcome 1 year after the intervention. All women (n = 116) seeking rhinoplasty at a university hospital between September 2009 and August 2010 were recruited for the study and assessed for BDD. The final sample consisted of 31 patients aged 32 (standard deviation (SD), 10) years with mild to moderate BDD who underwent rhinoplasty. The participants were assessed preoperatively (baseline) and 1 year postoperatively with the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination (BDDE). Most patients (22/31, 71%) were of African descent. Socio-demographic variables and the extent of the nasal deformities had no effect on the severity of BDD symptoms and patient satisfaction with surgery outcome. At the 1-year postoperative follow-up, there was a significant decrease from baseline in BDDE scores and time spent by patients worrying about their appearance; 25 (25/31, 81%) patients experienced complete remission from BDD and 28 (28/31, 90%) were satisfied with the results of surgery. Rhinoplasty may be indicated in the treatment of female patients with mild to moderate BDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria José Azevedo de Brito
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Sapucaí Valley University (UNIVÁS), Pouso Alegre, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabio Xerfan Nahas
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hermano Tavares
- Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gal Moreira Dini
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lydia Masako Ferreira
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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