A fuzzy analytic hierarchy process-based analysis for prioritization of barriers to the adoption of eHealth in India

Facilitators and Barriers for Telemedicine Systems in India from Multiple Stakeholder Perspectives and Settings: A Systematic Review

Background: Telemedicine is viewed as a crucial tool for addressing the challenges of limited medical resources at health care facilities. However, its adoption in health care is not entirely realized due to perceived barriers. This systematic review outlines the critical facilitators and barriers that influence the implementation of telemedicine in the Indian health care system, observed at the infrastructural, sociocultural, regulatory, and financial levels, from the perspectives of health care providers, patients, patient caregivers, society, health organizations, and the government. Methods: This review complies with the current Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Protocols 2015. A total of 2,706 peer-reviewed studies published from December 2016 to September 2023 in the PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PsycInfo databases were considered for the title and abstract screening, after which 334 articles were chosen for the full-text review. In the end, 46 studies were selected for data synthesis. Results: Analysis of the literature revealed key barriers such as data privacy and security concerns, doctor and patient resistance to information and communications technology (ICT), infrastructure issues, and ICT training gaps. Facilitators included reduced health care delivery costs, enhanced patient access to health care in remote areas, and shorter patient wait times. The real-world experiences of Indian telemedicine practitioners and pioneers are also explored to complement literature-based perspectives on telemedicine implementation. Both stress the need for reliable internet connectivity, technological adoption, comprehensive ICT training, positive sociocultural attitudes, stringent data privacy measures, and viable business models as crucial for effective telemedicine adoption, with experts emphasizing practical adaptability alongside the literature-recognized facilitators.

Analysis of factors inhibiting the customer engagement of eHealth in India: Modeling the barriers using ISM-Fuzzy MICMAC analysis

INTRODUCTION

The current study aims to evaluate and measure the relationship between the customer engagement barriers influencing the adoption of eHealth in India. Previous studies have shown that low levels of engagement can lead to worse health outcomes, so this study is an expanded version of those findings to highlight those challenges.

METHODOLOGY

For this, the study followed three phases of research: factor identification through a review of the literature; expert opinion for selecting key and pertinent factors for the study; and application of interpretive structural modelling approach to capture the proper association between various factors. Using fuzzy-MICMAC analysis, the factors were divided into independent, dependent, autonomous and linkage categories.

RESULTS

A model is created in this study that shows the relationship between different barriers that aid the Indian healthcare industry in better implementation and also Indian citizens in better adoption of eHealth services. According to the research and derived model, some of the biggest obstacles in the eHealth are need of product portfolio, Lack of Customer support and Low first call resolution rate.

CONCLUSION

This study contributes to the body of knowledge by offering novel perspective into the types of hierarchical relationships that exist among barriers. These insights will be valuable to academicians and practitioners interested in India's healthcare market and its strategic expansion.