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Chan H, Beresford N, Rudd TR, Rigsby P, Vipond C, Gao F, Matejtschuk P, Malik K, Duru C, Atkinson E, Burkin K, De Benedetto G, Lockyer K, Bolgiano B. Evaluation of candidate International Standards for meningococcal capsular polysaccharide groups W and Y. Biologicals 2024; 87:101780. [PMID: 38970883 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2024.101780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Two candidate International Standards for meningococcal capsular group W and Y (MenW and MenY, respectively) polysaccharides were assessed for their suitability as quantitative standards in various physicochemical assays. The study was designed to evaluate the intended purpose of these standards, namely, to standardize the quantification of the respective polysaccharide content in meningococcal polysaccharide and conjugate vaccines and their intermediate components. Twelve laboratories from eleven different countries participated in the collaborative study of candidate preparations for International Standards for MenW and MenY polysaccharide (coded 16/152 and 16/206, respectively). Unitage was assigned using the Resorcinol assay. Our proposals, on the basis of data from the Resorcinol assay were: 1) candidate standard for MenW polysaccharide (16/152) to be assigned a content of 1.015 ± 0.071 mg MenW polysaccharide per ampoule (expanded uncertainty with coverage factor k = 2.13, corresponding to a 95 % level of confidence) and 2) candidate standard for MenY polysaccharide (16/206) be assigned a content of 0.958 ± 0.076 mg MenY polysaccharide per ampoule (expanded uncertainty with coverage factor k = 2.26, corresponding to a 95 % level of confidence). The amount of polysaccharide per ampoule remained consistent under all stability conditions over a 36-month period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Chan
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK.
| | - Nicola Beresford
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Timothy R Rudd
- Analytical and Biological Sciences Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Peter Rigsby
- Analytical and Biological Sciences Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Caroline Vipond
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Fang Gao
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Paul Matejtschuk
- Analytical and Biological Sciences Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Kiran Malik
- Analytical and Biological Sciences Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Chinwe Duru
- Analytical and Biological Sciences Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Eleanor Atkinson
- Analytical and Biological Sciences Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Karena Burkin
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Gianluigi De Benedetto
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Kay Lockyer
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Barbara Bolgiano
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
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Ambrosio L, Neri A, Fazio C, Rossolini GM, Vacca P, Riccobono E, Voller F, Miglietta A, Stefanelli P. Genomic analysis of Neisseria meningitidis carriage isolates during an outbreak of serogroup C clonal complex 11, Tuscany, Italy. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217500. [PMID: 31136624 PMCID: PMC6538176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In 2015–2016, a cross-sectional carriage survey was performed in Tuscany Region, Italy, during an outbreak of invasive meningococcal disease due to Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C clonal complex 11 (MenC:cc11). This study aims to evaluate the genomic profile of meningococcal carriage isolates collected during the survey. Methods Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed using Illumina MiSeq on 85 cultivated meningococcal carriage isolates received at the Dept. of Infectious Disease, National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità, ISS), as National Reference Laboratory (NRL) for Invasive Meningococcal Disease (IMD). De novo assembled genomes were scanned by the BIGSdb platform to assign: the genotypic profiles, the cgMLST, the vaccine antigen variants and allele types of antimicrobial resistance associated genes, together with denitrification pathway loci. Results Capsule null and non-groupable meningococci accounted for 52.9% and 10.6%, respectively. Among the remaining carriage isolates, serogroup B was the predominant (71.0%). Serogroup C meningococci were culture negative and unavailable for WGS. Overall, 64 genotypic profiles were identified and, based on cgMLST, isolates clustered according to clonal complexes. Eight isolates (9.4%) harbored at least one gene encoding a 4CMenB vaccine antigen. Mutated penA alleles were found in more than 82%. Finally, complete aniA and norB coding sequences were detected among 71.8% of carriage isolates. Conclusions Meningococcal carriage isolates collected during the MenC:cc11 outbreak were characterized by an extensive genetic diversity. The lack of outbreak-related isolates among carriage might be attributable to the high transmissibility with low duration of colonization of MenC:cc11 meningococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigina Ambrosio
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Neri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Fazio
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Vacca
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Riccobono
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Voller
- Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, Epidemiologic Observatory, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Miglietta
- Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, Epidemiologic Observatory, Florence, Italy
- Units of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Central Tuscany Health Authority, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Stefanelli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Comparison of Phenotypic and Genotypic Approaches to Capsule Typing of Neisseria meningitidis by Use of Invasive and Carriage Isolate Collections. J Clin Microbiol 2015; 54:25-34. [PMID: 26311858 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01447-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B (MnB) is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis; however, MnB is most commonly associated with asymptomatic carriage in the nasopharyngeal cavity, as opposed to the disease state. Two vaccines are now licensed for the prevention of MnB disease; a possible additional benefit of these vaccines could be to protect against disease indirectly by disrupting nasopharyngeal carriage (e.g., herd protection). To investigate this possibility, accurate diagnostic approaches to characterize MnB carriage isolates are required. In contrast to invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) isolates, which can be readily serogrouped, carriage isolates often lack capsule expression, making standard phenotypic assays unsuitable for strain characterization. Several antibody-based methods were evaluated for their abilities to serogroup isolates and were compared with two genotyping methods (real-time PCR [rt-PCR] and whole-genome sequencing [WGS]) to identify which approach would most accurately ascertain the polysaccharide groups associated with carriage isolates. WGS and rt-PCR were in agreement for 99% of IMD isolates, including those with coding sequences for MnB, MnC, MnW, and MnY, and the phenotypic methods correctly identified serogroups for 69 to 98% of IMD isolates. In contrast, only 47% of carriage isolates were groupable by genotypic methods, due to mutations within the capsule operon; of the isolates identified by genotypic methods, ≤43% were serogroupable with any of the phenotypic methods tested. These observations highlight the difficulties in the serogrouping and capsular genogrouping of meningococcal carriage isolates. Based on our findings, WGS is the most suitable approach for the characterization of meningococcal carriage isolates.
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Xu Z, Du P, Zhu B, Xu L, Wang H, Gao Y, Zhou H, Zhang W, Chen C, Shao Z. Phylogenetic study of clonal complex (CC)198 capsule null locus (cnl) genomes: A distinctive group within the species Neisseria meningitidis. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 34:372-7. [PMID: 26171575 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Capsule null locus (cnl) strains, one type of specific unencapsulated Neisseria spp., only have regions D and E of the capsule gene cluster which encodes the genes for capsule biosynthesis, modification, and transportation. Compared with encapsulated strains, regions A and C of cnl strains have been replaced by 113 or 114 bp conserved non-coding sequences. Cnl strains include multiple clonal complexes (CC). According to previous studies, CC198 is the major clonal lineage in both cnl patients and healthy cnl carriers. We hypothesized that CC198 possesses different genome characteristics compared with other cnl strains. In this study, we obtained the draft genomes of two CC198 strains from healthy carriers. Using 75071 single nucleotide polymorphisms located in 1163 core genes, we constructed the phylogenetic relationships between a batch of representative Neisseria meningitidis genomes. CC198 and CC1136 clustered together, but apart from other N. meningitidis strains including CC53. We also aligned the sequences of genes located in regions D and E of the capsule gene locus from encapsulated and unencapsulated strains. A number of possible recombination events were identified in the galE and tex genes between different serogroups of encapsulated N. meningitidis and CC53 strains, especially in tex. In contrast, there is almost no recombination in N. meningitidis CC198 strains. These results showed that CC198 belongs to a phylogenetically distinct group within the species N. meningitidis, which may be directly derived from the cnl-type ancestor of N. meningitidis. The encapsulated strains may acquire other necessary genes for capsule formation by horizontal transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, and State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Du
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, and State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingqing Zhu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, and State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, and State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyin Wang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, and State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, and State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijian Zhou
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, and State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, and State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, and State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhujun Shao
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, and State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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van Ulsen P, Tommassen J. Protein secretion and secreted proteins in pathogenicNeisseriaceae. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2006; 30:292-319. [PMID: 16472308 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2006.00013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted proteins of pathogenic bacteria are often essential virulence factors. They are involved, for example, in the adherence of the bacteria to host cells or required to suppress the host's defence mechanisms. Until recently, only IgA1 protease had been studied in detail in the NeisseriaceaeNeisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The availability of their genome sequences, however, has boosted research in this area. Here, we present a survey of the secretome of the pathogenic Neisseriaceae, based on the available genome sequences, and the current knowledge of the functions and structures of the secreted proteins. Of the six protein-secretion pathways that are widely disseminated among Gram-negative bacteria, three pathways appear to be present among the Neisseriaceae, i.e. the autotransporter-, the two-partner- and the type I-secretion mechanisms. Comparison of the predicted secretomes reveals a considerable flexibility. As compared with N. meningitidis and the nonpathogen N. lactamica, N. gonorrhoeae appears to have a considerably degenerated secretome, which may reflect its altered niche occupancy. The flexibility of the secretome may be enhanced by the presence of ORFs in the genomes potentially encoding fragments of secreted proteins. We hypothesize that these ORFs may substitute for the corresponding fragments in the full-length genes through genetic recombination, thereby changing the host-cell receptor specificity of the secreted protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter van Ulsen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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