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Van Der Zwan A, Campbell PT, Shi N, De Bortoli N, Villanueva-Cabezas JP. Systematic review of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of dairy farmers and consumers towards bovine tuberculosis in low- and middle-income countries. Prev Vet Med 2024; 232:106314. [PMID: 39173212 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Bovine Tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, is a neglected zoonotic disease primarily associated with cattle. The incidence of bTB is highest in low-income settings with high cattle density and unpasteurised dairy consumption. Smallholder dairy farming has steadily grown in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with limited professional support for adequate bTB surveillance and risk mitigation. Several studies have explored the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of milk value chain stakeholders towards bTB in LMICs, but this evidence has not been collated and synthesised. We conducted a systematic review to determine what is known, believed, and done in relation to bTB among dairy producers and consumers in LMICs. We performed a systematic search of studies in OVID Medline, Scopus and CABI on 11 September 2023. KAP data were summarised using narrative synthesis and forest plots. We retrieved 2763 articles, retaining 51 for the review. Only studies from Africa (n = 38) and Asia (n = 13) met the eligibility criteria. Most populations reported awareness of human tuberculosis and knew it could be treated, but there was limited awareness of bTB and its zoonotic potential. Knowledge of bTB transmission routes and bTB mitigation varied across populations, and risky practices were also variable. Inconsistencies in study design and survey tools suggest some results may have a mid- to high-risk of bias. Awareness of bTB is surprisingly low among African and Asian populations with high bTB exposure risk, possibly due to the long-standing divide between animal and human health messages that has obscured the One Health implications of bTB. Addressing bTB in LMICs requires a structural One Health approach and standard KAP survey tools to adequately explore the socio-cultural, political, and economic processes and drivers favouring bTB spread and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Van Der Zwan
- Centre for Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Patricia T Campbell
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Nancy Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Nikita De Bortoli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Juan Pablo Villanueva-Cabezas
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; The Nossal Institute for Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
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2
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Carneiro PAM, Pasquatti TN, Lima DAR, Rodrigues RA, Takatani H, Silva CBDG, Jardim R, Abramovitch RB, Wilkins MJ, Davila AMR, Araujo FR, Kaneene JB. Milk Contamination by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex, Implications for Public Health in Amazonas, Brazil. J Food Prot 2022; 85:1667-1673. [PMID: 34788443 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT In Brazil, contamination of raw milk with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) has been reported in several states. The highest rate of consumption of raw milk and its derivatives in Brazil occurs in Amazonas. This state also has the highest prevalence of tuberculosis in both humans and livestock. We assessed the contamination of cow's milk and buffalo's milk with MTC in Amazonas, focusing on Mycobacterium bovis, the species most commonly found in cattle and buffalo. In 2019, 250 samples of raw milk (91 from cattle, 159 from buffalo) were collected before processing from three milk plants in the state of Amazonas. The samples were placed into 21 pools and analyzed using shotgun metagenomic sequencing and taxonomic classification with Kraken 2 and MegaBLAST. To confirm the identity of mycobacterial species found, BLASTN was used to identify specific genomic positions in the TbD1 and RD1 regions and flanking RD4 region. MTC genetic material was identified in all pools of raw milk. Genetic material consistent with M. bovis was identified in seven pools of raw milk (1 from cattle, 6 from buffalo). Buffalo's milk had significantly higher MTC reads than did cow's milk. The common practice of consumption of raw milk and its derivatives in Amazonas presents a risk to public health. Urgent measures to prevent transmission of foodborne tuberculosis are needed in the Amazon region. Greater efforts and resources also should be directed toward elimination of bovine tuberculosis in cattle and buffalo herds in Amazonas and the rest of Brazil. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- P A M Carneiro
- Center for Comparative Epidemiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.,Amazonas State Federal Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Cosme Ferreira, 8045, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - T N Pasquatti
- Dom Bosco Catholic University, Avenida Tamandaré 6000, Jardim Seminário, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79117-900, Brazil
| | - D A R Lima
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - R A Rodrigues
- Embrapa Gado de Corte, Av. Radio Maia, 830 Vila Popular, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79106-550, Brazil
| | - H Takatani
- Amazonas State Agro Defense Agency, Av. Carlos Drummond de Andrade, 1.460, Bloco G, Manaus, Amazonas, 69077-730, Brazil
| | - C B D G Silva
- Amazonas State Agro Defense Agency, Av. Carlos Drummond de Andrade, 1.460, Bloco G, Manaus, Amazonas, 69077-730, Brazil
| | - R Jardim
- Computational and Systems Biology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute and Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Health, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R B Abramovitch
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M J Wilkins
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A M R Davila
- Computational and Systems Biology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute and Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Health, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F R Araujo
- Embrapa Gado de Corte, Av. Radio Maia, 830 Vila Popular, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79106-550, Brazil
| | - J B Kaneene
- Center for Comparative Epidemiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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3
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Das B, Lou-Franco J, Gilbride B, Ellis MG, Stewart LD, Grant IR, Balasubramanian P, Cao C. Peroxidase-Mimicking Activity of Biogenic Gold Nanoparticles Produced from Prunus nepalensis Fruit Extract: Characterizations and Application for the Detection of Mycobacterium bovis. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2712-2725. [PMID: 35545815 PMCID: PMC9214696 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a facile, eco-friendly, and controlled synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) using Prunus nepalensis fruit extract is reported. The biogenically synthesized Au NPs possess ultra-active intrinsic peroxidase-like activity for the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of H2O2. Chemical analysis of the fruit extract demonstrated the presence of various bioactive molecules such as amino acids (l-alanine and aspartic acids), organic acids (benzoic acid and citric acid), sugars (arabinose and glucose), phenolic acid, and bioflavonoids (niacin and myo-inositol), which likely attributed to the formation of stable biogenic Au NPs with excellent peroxidase-mimicking activity. In comparison with the natural horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme, the biogenic Au NPs displayed a 9.64 times higher activity with regard to the reaction velocity at 6% (v/v) H2O2, presenting a higher affinity toward the TMB substrate. The Michaelis-Menten constant (KM) values for the biogenic Au NPs and HRP were found to be 6.9 × 10-2 and 7.9 × 10-2 mM, respectively, at the same concentration of 100 pM. To investigate its applicability for biosensing, a monoclonal antibody specific for Mycobacterium bovis (QUBMA-Bov) was directly conjugated to the surface of the biogenic Au NPs. The obtained results indicate that the biogenic Au NPs-QUBMA-Bov conjugates are capable of detecting M. bovis based on a colorimetric immunosensing method within a lower range of 100 to 102 cfu mL-1 with limits of detection of ∼53 and ∼71 cfu mL-1 in an artificial buffer solution and in a soft cheese spiked sample, respectively. This strategy demonstrates decent specificity in comparison with those of other bacterial and mycobacterial species. Considering these findings together, this study indicates the potential for the development of a cost-effective biosensing platform with high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of M. bovis using antibody-conjugated Au nanozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Das
- School
of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University
of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, U.K.
- Department
of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, India
| | - Javier Lou-Franco
- School
of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University
of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, U.K.
| | - Brendan Gilbride
- School
of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University
of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, U.K.
| | - Matthew G. Ellis
- School
of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University
of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, U.K.
- Nanophotonics
Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Linda D. Stewart
- School
of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University
of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, U.K.
| | - Irene R. Grant
- School
of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University
of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, U.K.
| | - Paramasivan Balasubramanian
- Department
of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, India
| | - Cuong Cao
- School
of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University
of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, U.K.
- Material
and Advanced Technologies for Healthcare, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, U.K.
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Collins ÁB, Floyd S, Gordon SV, More SJ. Prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis in milk on dairy cattle farms: An international systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2022; 132:102166. [PMID: 35091379 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), is a globally distributed chronic disease of animals. The bacteria can be transmitted to humans via the consumption of unpasteurised (raw) milk, thus representing an important public health risk. To investigate the risk of zoonotic transmission of M. bovis via raw milk, this study systematically reviewed published studies to estimate the prevalence of M. bovis in on-farm bulk-tank milk (BTM) and individual cow's milk (IM) by meta-analysis. In total, 1,339 articles were identified through seven electronic databases and initially screened using titles and abstracts. The quality of 108 potentially relevant articles was assessed using full texts, and 67 articles comprising 83 studies (76 IM and 7 BTM), were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of M. bovis in IM and BTM was summarised according to the diagnostic test used, and the tuberculin skin test (TST) infection status of the individual cows (for IM) or herds (for BTM). Heterogeneity was quantified using the I-squared statistic. Prediction intervals (95% PIs) were also estimated. For IM, the overall prevalence was summarised at 5% (95%CI: 3%-7%). In TST positive cows, prevalence was summarised at 8% (95%CI: 4%-13%). For BTM, the overall prevalence independent of individual herd TST infection status was summarised at 5% (95%CI: 0%-21%). There was considerable heterogeneity evident among the included studies, while PIs were also wide. Inconsistency in the quality of reporting was also observed resulting in missing information, such as the TST infection status of the individual animal/herd. No study reported the number of M. bovis bacteria in test-positive milk samples. Several studies reported the detection of M. tuberculosis and M. africanum in milk. Despite international efforts to control tuberculosis, this study highlights the risk of zoonotic transmission of M. bovis via unpasteurised milk and dairy products made using raw milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Áine B Collins
- Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 W6F6, Ireland; Department of Agriculture Food and the Marine, Government of Ireland, Kildare Street, Dublin, D02 WK12, Ireland.
| | - Sian Floyd
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Stephen V Gordon
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 W6F6, Ireland.
| | - Simon J More
- Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 W6F6, Ireland; Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
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5
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de Melo EH, Gomes HM, Suffys PN, Lopes MQP, de Figueiredo Teixeira RL, Dos Santos ÍR, Franco MMJ, Langoni H, Paes AC, Afonso JAB, de Mendonça CL. Genotypic Characterization of Mycobacterium bovis Isolates From Dairy Cattle Diagnosed With Clinical Tuberculosis. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:747226. [PMID: 34708105 PMCID: PMC8542897 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.747226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis plays an essential role in the epidemiological knowledge of the disease. Bovine tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis represents a risk to human health. This study aimed to perform the genotypic characterization of M. bovis isolated from bovines diagnosed as tuberculosis from dairy herds in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Granulomas from 30 bovines were sent for microbiological culture, and colonies compatible with Mycobacterium spp. were obtained in at least one culture from 17/30 granulomas. All isolates were confirmed to be M. bovis by spoligotyping and 24loci MIRU-VNTR typing. While spoligotyping characterized the isolates as SB0121, SB0295, SB0852, SB0120, and an unclassified genotype, 24loci MIRU-VNTR rendered two clusters of two isolates each and 13 unique profiles. Loci ETR-A showed higher discriminatory power, and loci (ETR-B, ETR-C, MIRU16, MIRU27, and QUB26) showed moderate allelic diversity. This is the first study on the genetic variability of the infectious agent cause of bovine TB in Pernambuco and demonstrates variability of strains in the state. Thus, it corroborates the importance of this microorganism as agent of bovine tuberculosis and its zoonotic potential, this epidemiological tool being a determinant in the rigor of the sanitary practices of disease control in dairy herds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harrison Magdinier Gomes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada à Micobactérias, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada à Micobactérias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Philip Noel Suffys
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada à Micobactérias, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada à Micobactérias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Márcia Quinhones Pires Lopes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada à Micobactérias, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada à Micobactérias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel Lima de Figueiredo Teixeira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada à Micobactérias, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada à Micobactérias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ícaro Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada à Micobactérias, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada à Micobactérias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marília Masello Junqueira Franco
- Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Helio Langoni
- Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Paes
- Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Lopes de Mendonça
- Clínica de Bovinos de Garanhuns, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Brazil
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6
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Microbiological quality and safety of Brazilian artisanal cheeses. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:393-409. [PMID: 33394458 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00416-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of norms that regulates the production and trade of Brazilian Artisanal Cheeses (BAC) has been stimulating many small farmers for this activity. The predominance of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is a typical characteristic of BAC, which confers desirable attributes to artisanal cheeses. However, these products can be contaminated by other microbial groups, including those that indicate hygienic failures during production and may cause spoilage, or even microorganisms that pose risks to consumers' health. A systematic review of the literature published from January 1996 to November 2020 was carried out to identify scientific data about production characteristics and microbiological aspects of BAC, with a major focus on quality and safety status of these traditional products. Studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria indicated that artisanal chesses produced in Brazil still do not satisfactorily meet the microbiological criteria established by the national laws, mainly due to the high counts of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus and coliforms. Despite low prevalence, pathogens such as Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes were isolated in some BAC. This review contributed to better understanding microbiological aspects of BAC, the data compiled by the authors highlight the need to improve hygiene practices along the production chain of these traditional cheeses.
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7
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Macedo Couto R, Ranzani OT, Waldman EA. Zoonotic Tuberculosis in Humans: Control, Surveillance, and the One Health Approach. Epidemiol Rev 2020; 41:130-144. [PMID: 32294188 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic tuberculosis is a reemerging infectious disease in high-income countries and a neglected one in low- and middle-income countries. Despite major advances in its control as a result of milk pasteurization, its global burden is unknown, especially due the lack of surveillance data. Additionally, very little is known about control strategies. The purpose of this review was to contextualize the current knowledge about the epidemiology of zoonotic tuberculosis and to describe the available evidence regarding surveillance and control strategies in high-, middle-, and low-income countries. We conducted this review enriched by a One Health perspective, encompassing its inherent multifaceted characteristics. We found that the burden of zoonotic tuberculosis is likely to be underreported worldwide, with higher incidence in low-income countries, where the surveillance systems are even more fragile. Together with the lack of specific political commitment, surveillance data is affected by lack of a case definition and limitations of diagnostic methods. Control measures were dependent on risk factors and varied greatly between countries. This review supports the claim that a One Health approach is the most valuable concept to build capable surveillance systems, resulting in effective control measures. The disease characteristics and suggestions to implement surveillance and control programs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Macedo Couto
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Otavio T Ranzani
- Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliseu Alves Waldman
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Andretta M, Almeida TT, Ferreira LR, Carvalho AF, Yamatogi RS, Nero LA. Microbial safety status of Serro artisanal cheese produced in Brazil. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:10790-10798. [PMID: 31563304 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Considering the growing consumption of artisanal foods worldwide, we aimed to evaluate the microbial safety of Serro artisanal cheese (SAC), produced in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. This cheese is produced with raw milk using 1 of 2 natural starter cultures: "pingo" and "rala." A total of 53 SAC samples (pingo = 8; rala = 45) were obtained from different farmers and subjected to conventional and molecular assays to detect and enumerate Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS), diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Brucella abortus. The SAC samples were also subjected to an ELISA to detect classical staphylococcal enterotoxins (CSE: SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, SEE) and to PCR assays to detect staphylococcal enterotoxin-related genes (sea, seb, sec, sed, see). Coagulase-positive staphylococci isolates were obtained and tested by the same assays to detect their potential in CSE production and presence of CSE-related genes. None of the SAC samples showed any of the screened food-borne pathogens and zoonotic agents, and none showed the presence of CSE by phenotypic and genotypic approaches. Despite the absence of microbial hazards, mean counts of CPS in SAC samples were 5.2 log cfu/g (pingo starter) and 4.6 log cfu/g (rala starter), indicating poor hygiene practices during production. None of the tested CPS isolates (n = 116) produced CSE or presented CSE-related genes. Despite the relative microbial safety, hygienic conditions during SAC production must be improved to meet official guidelines established in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Andretta
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - T T Almeida
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - L R Ferreira
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - A F Carvalho
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - R S Yamatogi
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - L A Nero
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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9
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Silva MR, Rocha ADS, Araújo FR, Fonseca-Júnior AA, Alencar APD, Suffys PN, Costa RRD, Moreira MAS, Guimarães MDC. Risk factors for human Mycobacterium bovis infections in an urban area of Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2018; 113:e170445. [PMID: 29898014 PMCID: PMC5989489 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760170445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified human zoonotic tuberculosis (TB) due to Mycobacterium bovis as a neglected issue in the developing world. In a recent cross-sectional study in Brazil, three of 189 TB patients presented with a coinfection of M. bovis and M. tuberculosis and were selected as cases for this study. OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate risk factors (RF) for zoonotic TB in an urban area of Brazil in order to guide preventive programmes. METHODS A matched case-control study was carried out nested within a cross-sectional study. For each of the three cases, 14 age- and sex-matched controls (TB due to M. tuberculosis) were selected. FINDINGS Zoonotic potential exposures (ZE) and extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) were independently associated with zoonotic TB in multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS ZE by occupation and consumption of raw milk and derivative products that place individuals in direct and indirect contact with animals and their excretions/secretions increase the risk for zoonotic TB in Brazil, especially among those with EPTB. Therefore, measures such as efficient control of bovine TB, distribution of pasteurised milk and its derivative products, and the diagnosis and monitoring of zoonotic TB in humans are essential steps, especially in developing countries where bovine TB is enzootic, and further studies are necessary.
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10
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Sevilla IA, Molina E, Tello M, Elguezabal N, Juste RA, Garrido JM. Detection of Mycobacteria by Culture and DNA-Based Methods in Animal-Derived Food Products Purchased at Spanish Supermarkets. Front Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28649235 PMCID: PMC5465283 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteria include obligate and opportunistic pathogens that cause significant human and animal disease. The burden of tuberculosis has been largely reduced in developed territories but remains a huge problem worldwide. The significance of nontuberculous mycobacteria is growing considerably, especially in developed regions with higher life expectancy and more therapy-related immunosuppressed individuals. Due to their robustness mycobacteria can contaminate animal products by direct transmission from infected individuals or by environmental contamination during processing. The situation at market level is poorly known. Most studies analyzing commercially available foods are limited to a small or local scale and mainly focused on a particular mycobacterial species. There is a need to investigate if animal products that have passed the established controls to be for sale at main supermarkets could represent a route of contact with any mycobacteria. Thus, our goal was to study the prevalence of mycobacteria in these foods to assess if this could represent a source of human exposure. Five stores from the main supermarket chains in Spain were selected. 138 dairy and 119 meat products were purchased. All were processed using culture and multiplex real-time PCR methods. Additional molecular methods were used to specifically identify any positive result. Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (2), M. avium subsp. avium (1), and M. fortuitum (1) were isolated from powdered infant formula and ground beef, chicken sausage, and mortadella cold cut, respectively. Mycobacterial DNA (M. avium, M. tuberculosis complex and other nontuberculous mycobacteria) was detected in 15% of dairy products and 2% of meat products. These results show that the prevalence of viable mycobacteria in foods of animal origin obtained at the supermarket was not substantial although a considerable proportion of them contained mycobacterial DNA. Contact with mycobacteria through this route could be ensured over time. Further investigation is necessary to determine the real impact of foodborne mycobacterial exposure on human health and identify critical points in the food production system to enable setting up more stringent control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker A Sevilla
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park 812LDerio, Spain
| | - Elena Molina
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park 812LDerio, Spain
| | - Maitane Tello
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park 812LDerio, Spain
| | - Natalia Elguezabal
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park 812LDerio, Spain
| | - Ramón A Juste
- SERIDA-Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Carretera de OviedoVillaviciosa, Spain
| | - Joseba M Garrido
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park 812LDerio, Spain
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