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Choi YJ, Kim GS. [The Effect of Neighborhood Characteristics and Friends' Smoking Status on the Habitual Smoking Onset in Adolescents]. J Korean Acad Nurs 2021; 51:54-67. [PMID: 33706331 DOI: 10.4040/jkan.20212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was threefold, to longitudinally examine the risk of habitual smoking onset in adolescents, to delineate the effects of neighborhood characteristics and friends' smoking status on the habitual smoking onset, and to investigate whether the association between friends' smoking status and habitual smoking onset was moderated by neighborhood characteristics. METHODS This study conducted multilevel discrete-time survival analysis, using cohort data from the 3rd to 6th waves of the Korean Child and Youth Panel Survey, which excluded habitual smokers, matched with 2010 census data on respondents' residence. RESULTS Habitual smoking onset risk increased from the 8th to the 11th grade, and then slightly decreased from the 11th to the 12th grade. Friends' smoking status (B = 0.60, p < .001), smoking rate (B = 0.06, p = .038), and the number of tobacco outlets in the respondents' neighborhood (B = 0.51, p = .003) were positively associated with habitual smoking onset risk. Furthermore, the association between friends' smoking status and habitual smoking onset risk was moderated by the number of tobacco outlets in the neighborhood. Specifically, the association was stronger in neighborhoods with more tobacco outlets (B = 0.58, p = .048). CONCLUSION Friends' smoking status and living in neighborhoods that are more susceptible to smoking increase the risk of habitual smoking. The number of tobacco outlets in the neighborhood enhances the peer effect of adolescent's smoking behavior. Therefore, policies or interventions designed to reduce youth's tobacco use should focus on not only on reducing peer smoking, but also restricting smoking by adults and the number of neighborhood tobacco outlets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gwang Suk Kim
- College of Nursing · Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
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Huang HL, Peng WD, Lin YC, Lee CH, Hu CY, Huang ST. Gender-specific factors associated with the suicidal ideation of children in Taiwan: A large-scale cross-sectional study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 54:53-60. [PMID: 28681385 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We examined the relationship between suicidal ideation (SI) and the depressed mood, life stress and parenting styles in children. A large-scale survey was conducted including 5328 children from 65 elementary schools in Taiwan. SI was measured by asking children if any suicidal thoughts had occurred in the previous month. A series of regression models was analysed separately for male and female students. Compared with boys, girls demonstrated a higher proportion of SI. Among boys, SI was significantly associated with a high level of perceived environmental stress (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.61), a high degree of depressed mood (aOR = 2.39), authoritative (aOR = 1.72) and authoritarian (aOR = 2.53) parenting styles and two or more life-stress events (aOR = 1.45). A high level of perceived environmental stress (aOR = 2.09), a high degree of depressed mood (aOR = 2.89) and an authoritarian parenting style (aOR = 1.76) were significantly associated with the SI in girls. Gender-specific interventions aimed at preventing SI must enhance support systems at school and at home, particularly for students who suffer from a high degree of stress and depressed mood, and are subjected to an authoritarian parenting style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ling Huang
- Department of Oral Hygiene, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Der Peng
- Department of Medical Sociology and Social Work, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chun Lin
- Department of Oral Hygiene, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences and Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Hu
- School of Public Health, Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shun-Te Huang
- Department of Oral Hygiene, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Special Care Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Chen ML, Chou LN, Zheng YC. Providing a Clean Environment for Adolescents: Evaluation of the Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act in Taiwan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E634. [PMID: 28608829 PMCID: PMC5486320 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14060634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking not only damages the health of adolescents, but also contributes to air pollution. The Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act in Taiwan stipulates that cigarettes should not be sold to persons younger than 18 years. Therefore, schools should actively educate students and raise awareness of the Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act to reduce the level of damage to the health of adolescents and maintain good air quality. This study had two main goals: (1) to evaluate the stipulation that no person shall provide tobacco products to persons under the age of 18 and the effects of counseling strategies on store managers confirming customer ages before tobacco sale in southern Taiwan; and (2) to evaluate the situation of tobacco hazard prevention education conducted by school in southern Taiwan. A cross-sectional design was adopted for this study. Study I: The investigation involved an analysis of 234 retailers including convenience stores (n = 70), grocery stores (n = 83), and betel nut stalls (n = 81). The results indicated that among the 234 retailers, 171 (73.1%) of them routinely failed to confirm the buyers' ages before allowing them to purchase tobacco. The number of retailers who exhibited failure to confirm customer ages before selling tobacco products had decreased from 171 (73.1%) to 59 (25.2%) and that of those who confirmed customer ages before selling tobacco products had increased from 63 (26.9%) to 175 (74.8%) after counseling strategies had been provided, thereby revealing statistical significance (χ² = 11.26, p < 0.001). Study II: A total of 476 (89.1%) participants had received tobacco hazards prevention education and 58 (10.9%) had not. Among the various residential areas, the highest percentage of participants that did not received tobacco hazards prevention education located in the plane regions (8.4%). The government organizations should continue to adopt counseling strategies to reduce the rate of disobedience of the Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act by selling tobacco products to minors. Schools should pay close attention to tobacco hazard prevention education for junior high school students to ensure that such students are adequately educated about tobacco hazard prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Li Chen
- Department of Respiratory Care and Graduate Institute of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Puzi City 61363, Chiayi, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Na Chou
- Nursing Department, National Tainan Junior College of Nursing, Tainan 700, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Cheng Zheng
- Graduate Institute of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus and Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City 61363, Chiayi, Taiwan.
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Kim HHS, Chun J. Examining the Effects of Parental Influence on Adolescent Smoking Behaviors: A Multilevel Analysis of the Global School-Based Student Health Survey (2003-2011). Nicotine Tob Res 2015; 18:934-42. [PMID: 26272211 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntv172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Based on a large cross-national dataset, we investigated the role of parental smoking (a risk factor) and parental supervision (a protective factor) on the frequency of smoking by youths in resource-poor countries. In addition, we tested for cross-level interactions between these two predictors and national wealth on the outcome variable. METHODS Pooled cross-sectional data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey (2003-2011) were analyzed, which consists of 58956 students in 31 countries. Hierarchical linear models were estimated to examine the associations between the two parental influence variables and adolescent smoking. RESULTS Among the control variables, age, gender (male), the experience of being bullied, frequency of getting into physical fights, truancy, and anxiety were significantly related to higher frequency of smoking. With respect to the main predictors, both at the individual level, parental supervision was negatively associated with adolescent smoking, while parental smoking was positively related to it. Two cross-level interaction terms were also observed. National wealth (GDP per capita) significantly moderated, that is, increased, these effects of parental influence on how often the adolescents smoked. CONCLUSIONS We provided new evidence on the factors related to adolescent smoking in low-income countries, a topic that has received very little attention. We showed that the associations between parental influences and adolescent smoking behaviors are not constant but vary according to the level of economic development. Future research should incorporate this comparative dimension in elaborating and specifying the conditions under which parental influences and other predictors differentially affect adolescent smoking. IMPLICATIONS Prior research on adolescent smoking focused on developed countries. Based on the secondary analysis of the Global School-based Student Health Survey (2003-2011), this study examines the associations between parental influence (parental smoking and parental supervision) on the frequency of youth smoking behaviors in resource-poor countries. We show that parental smoking is positively related to adolescent smoking, while parental supervision is negatively related to it. We also find that these two associations vary according to national wealth: both effects are stronger in a country with higher per capita GDP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - JongSerl Chun
- Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Chen YT, Liao YM, Chen PL. Development and Psychometric Testing of Four Scales to Measure Perceptions and Family Influences on Parental Smoking in Taiwan. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2013.865185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lee H, Hsu CC, Chen FL, Yen YY, Lin PL, Chiu YW, Lee CH, Peng WD, Chen T, Lu DL, Huang HL. Area disparity in children's perceptions of access to tobacco and cigarette purchasing experiences in Taiwan. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2014; 84:507-515. [PMID: 25040119 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents who perceive easy access to tobacco are more likely to acquire cigarettes and experience smoking. This study assesses area disparities in perceptions of access to tobacco and cigarette purchasing experiences among schoolchildren. METHODS Data on children's tobacco-related variables were obtained from the Control of School-Aged Children Smoking Study Survey in Taiwan. A stratified random sample of 65 primary schools was included. Polytomous logistic regression analyzed factors associated with tobacco accessibility and purchasing experiences. RESULTS More than half of the children reported that tobacco retailers often or always sold cigarettes to them. Rural and mountainous children were more likely to have access to cigarettes (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.01 and 3.01, respectively) and have cigarette purchasing experiences (AOR = 3.06 and 13.76, respectively). Cigarette purchasing from retailers (AOR = 1.84) was significantly associated with children's perceptions of access to tobacco. The factors associated with cigarette purchasing experiences were families smoking (AOR = 8.90), peers smoking (AOR = 2.22), frequent exposure to entertainer smoking on TV and in films (AOR = 2.15), and perceived access to tobacco (AOR = 1.51). CONCLUSIONS The health department should strictly enforce laws regarding retailers selling tobacco to underage, particularly in remote areas. Schools can reinforce tobacco-use prevention messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Lee
- Doctoral Student, , School of Dentistry & Department of Oral Hygiene, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
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Chen YT, Chen PL. Perceptions of Parental Smoking and Sociodemographic Factors Associated With the Adoption of Home Smoking Bans Among Parents of School-Aged Children. Nicotine Tob Res 2014; 16:1112-20. [DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntu043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Lipperman-Kreda S, Juliet PL, Morrison C, Bridget F. Availability of tobacco products associated with use of marijuana cigars (blunts). Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 134:337-342. [PMID: 24290366 PMCID: PMC3883305 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examines factors associated with availability of tobacco products for marijuana cigars (i.e., blunts) in 50 non-contiguous mid-sized California communities. METHODS The study is based on data collected in 943 tobacco outlets. Neighborhood demographics, community adult marijuana prevalence, medical marijuana policy and access to medical marijuana dispensaries and delivery services were included. RESULTS Multilevel logistic regression analyses indicated that compared with small markets, availability of tobacco products associated with use of blunts was significantly higher in convenience stores, smoke/tobacco shops and liquor stores. None of the neighborhood demographics were associated with availability of blunt wrappers and only a small percent of Whites was positively associated with availability of blunt cigars, small cigars or cigarillos at the store. Controlling for outlet type and neighborhood demographics, higher city prevalence of adult marijuana use was associated with greater availability of blunt wrappers. Also, policy that permits medical marijuana dispensaries or private cultivation was positively associated with availability of tobacco products for blunts. Density of medical marijuana dispensaries and delivery services, however, was negatively associated with greater availability of these products at tobacco outlets. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that availability of tobacco products associated with blunts is similar in neighborhoods with different socioeconomic status and racial and ethnic composition. Results also suggest the important role that community norms that support marijuana use or legalization of medical marijuana and medical marijuana policy may play in increasing availability of tobacco products associated with blunts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Lipperman-Kreda
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 180 Grand Avenue, Suite 1200, Oakland, CA 94612, United States.
| | - P. Lee Juliet
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 180 Grand Avenue, Suite 1200, Oakland, CA 94612, Fax: (510) 644-0594, Phone: (510) 883-5750
| | - Chris Morrison
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 180 Grand Avenue, Suite 1200, Oakland, CA 94612, Fax: (510) 644-0594, Phone: (510) 883-5750,Monash University, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Freisthler Bridget
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 180 Grand Avenue, Suite 1200, Oakland, CA 94612, Fax: (510) 644-0594, Phone: (510) 883-5750,UCLA School of Public Affairs, Department of Social Welfare, Los Angeles, CA
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Community-level adult daily smoking prevalence moderates the association between adolescents' cigarette smoking and perceived smoking by friends. J Youth Adolesc 2013; 43:1527-35. [PMID: 24241785 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-013-0058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the complex interactions among the individual- and community-level social risk factors that underlie adolescents' smoking behaviors. This study investigated whether community-level adult daily smoking prevalence is associated with adolescents' smoking and whether it moderates the associations between perceived friends' smoking approval and smoking behavior and adolescents' own smoking. Self-reported data from 1,190 youths (50.3% female; 13-18 years old) in 50 midsized Californian cities were obtained through telephone interviews. Community characteristics were obtained from 2010 GeoLytics data. Community adult daily smoking prevalence was ascertained from telephone interviews with 8,918 adults conducted in the same 50 cities. Multilevel analyses, controlling for individual and city characteristics, were used to predict adolescents' past 12-month smoking from perceived friends' smoking approval and smoking behavior and from community adult daily smoking prevalence. Results showed that perceived friends' smoking approval and behavior were associated positively with adolescents' smoking, as was the community-level prevalence of adult daily smoking. Furthermore, the association between perceived friends' smoking behavior and adolescents' own smoking was moderated by the prevalence of adult daily smokers in the community. Specifically, the association was stronger in cities with higher prevalence of adult smokers. These results suggest that adult community norms that are more supportive of smoking may enhance the influence of friends' smoking behavior. Therefore, interventions designed to prevent or reduce youths' smoking should also focus on reducing smoking by adults.
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Samuel LJ, Commodore-Mensah Y, Himmelfarb CRD. Developing Behavioral Theory With the Systematic Integration of Community Social Capital Concepts. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2013; 41:359-75. [PMID: 24092886 DOI: 10.1177/1090198113504412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Health behavior theories state that social environments influence health behaviors, but theories of how this occurs are relatively underdeveloped. This article systematically surveys community social capital concepts in health behavior literature and proposes a conceptual framework that integrates these concepts into existing behavioral theory. Fifty-three studies tested associations between community social capital concepts and physical activity (38 studies), smoking (19 studies), and diet (2 studies). Trustworthiness of community members was consistently associated with more health-promoting and less disease-promoting behaviors in 19 studies. Neighborly reciprocity showed mixed results in 10 studies. Reporting a good sense of community was associated with more physical activity in only 5 of 16 studies. Neighborhood collective efficacy, which includes social cohesion and informal social control, was inconsistently associated with behaviors in 22 studies. Behavioral social norms were associated with smoking and physical activity in 2 of 6 studies, and neighborhood modeling of physical activity was associated with increased activity in 12 of 17 studies, with 1 opposing result. This review identifies several community social capital-related concepts that are, at times, associated with both health-promoting and disease-promoting behaviors and often have no associations. Theory explains these findings by describing the relationships and interactions among these concepts. Using these findings, this article proposes a conceptual framework that integrates community social capital concepts into existing behavioral theory. Iterative empirically based theory development is needed to address these concepts, which affect behaviors. These results can also inform theoretically based community-based and socially tailored interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Samuel
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Liao YM, Chen YT, Kuo LC, Chen PL. Factors associated with parental smoking in the presence of school-aged children: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:819. [PMID: 24015810 PMCID: PMC3846903 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In 2009, the Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act (Taiwan) was amended to more effectively restrict smoking in indoor public places and workplaces in Taiwan. However, the lack of prohibitions for smoking in private homes may place family members at increased risk for exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). The aim of our study was to determine the factors associated with parental smoking in the presence of children at home. Methods In 2010, we performed a cross-sectional study of factors associated with parental smoking in the presence of children at home in Taiwan using self-administered questionnaires. Quota sampling was used to select five primary schools from four different regions of Taiwan. Parents were surveyed to identify parental smokers and 307 parental smokers were selected for participation in our study. Questionnaire data regarding parental smoking in the presence of children at home and related interactions among family members were analyzed. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to determine the best-fit model for examining the relationships among the variables related to parental smoking in the presence of children at home. Results Two-thirds of parents who smoked reported smoking in the presence of their children. The results of the hierarchical logistic regression analysis identified the smokers’ compliance with their family’s antismoking responses, mutual agreement with smoking bans, daily smoking, smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day, the education level of the parental smoker, and the annual family income as determinants of smoking in the presence of children at home. Conclusions Households with smoking parents should be targeted for interventions to encourage the adoption and enforcement of home smoking bans. Educational interventions that promote smoke-free homes for children and provide support to help parents stop smoking are critical factors in reducing the frequency of children’s ETS exposure in the home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Mei Liao
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, No, 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei City 110, Taiwan.
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Chen CY, Lin IF, Huang SL, Tsai TI, Chen YY. Disposable income with tobacco smoking among young adolescents: a multilevel analysis. J Adolesc Health 2013; 52:724-30. [PMID: 23523310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prior studies examining the connection between disposable income and adolescent smoking often yielded mixed results, partly due to the lack of consideration for contextual variables. In the present study, we sought to broaden understanding of disposable income on adolescent smoking behaviors via both absolute and relative perspectives in the school context. METHODS We obtained data from the 2010 Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) in Taiwan. Information concerning sociodemographics, disposable income, smoking history, and contextual smoking exposure (e.g., school) were assessed via self-report. Recent-onset smokers were defined as those who had their first cigarette within two years of the survey. Complex survey and multilevel analyses were carried out to estimate association. RESULTS Adolescents with higher monthly disposable income were 2∼5 times more likely to start smoking and become regular smokers. Having the least disposable income in a class appeared linked with increased risk of tobacco initiation by 40% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2%-91%). Pupils' odds to start smoking were lowered to .70 when the majority of schoolmates had low disposable income (95% CI: .51-.99). CONCLUSIONS Adolescent risk of smoking initiation may be differentially affected by individual- and contextual-level absolute and relative disposable income. Future research is needed to delineate possible mechanisms underlying unfavorable health behaviors associated with disposable incomes in early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chen YT, Hsiao FH, Miao NF, Chen PL. Factors associated with parents’ perceptions of parental smoking in the presence of children and its consequences on children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:192-209. [PMID: 23296207 PMCID: PMC3564137 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10010192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Parental smoking is the major source of children’s secondhand smoke exposure and is influenced by parents’ perception of children’s exposure. However, the factors associated with these perceptions remain unclear. The objective of this study was to examine factors associated with parents’ perceptions about parental smoking in the presence of children and its consequences. We conducted a cross-sectional study on parents’ perceptions of parental smoking and measured their evaluations of its consequences using a self-report questionnaire. Other variables include socio-demographic characteristics and smoking-related experience. Results show that parents’ gender, education level, occupational type, smoking status, and agreement on a home smoking ban independently predict parents’ evaluation of the consequences of parental smoking in the presence of children. Parents’ gender, education level, annual family income, smoking status, agreement on a home smoking ban, and evaluation of the consequences of parental smoking independently predicted parents’ perceptions. Findings indicated that a specific group expressed greater acceptance of parental smoking and was less aware of its risks. Motivating parents to create a smoke-free home and increasing awareness of the adverse consequences of parental smoking is beneficial in reinforcing attitudes opposed to parental smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Chen
- Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei City 110, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, No. 259, Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Fei-Hsiu Hsiao
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Nae-Fang Miao
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei City 110, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Ping-Ling Chen
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-223-771-379; Fax: +886-223-772-842
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Huang HL, Hsu CC, Peng WD, Yen YY, Chen T, Hu CY, Shi HY, Lee CH, Chen FL, Lin PL. Analysis of influential factors associated with the smoking behavior of aboriginal schoolchildren in remote Taiwanese mountainous areas. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2012; 82:318-327. [PMID: 22671948 DOI: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2012.00705.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A disparity in smoking behavior exists between the general and minority populations residing in Taiwan's mountainous areas. This study analyzed individual and environmental factors associated with children's smoking behavior in these areas of Taiwan. METHODS In this school-based study, data on smoking behavior and related factors for mountain-dwelling students were obtained from the 2008 and 2009 Control of School-aged Children Smoking Study surveys. A representative sample (N = 1239) from 26 primary schools was included. The association among 3 groups (never-, former-, and current-smokers) and the potential variables were simultaneously examined using unordered polytomous logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Between 13% and 34% of ever-smokers reported that their first smoking experience was in third grade. More than 70% were found to have bought cigarettes and 87% reported that the tobacco retailers had sold them cigarettes. The significant factors for current-smokers were predisposing factors, ie, attitude toward smoking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.21); reinforcing factors, ie, family smoked in front of me (AOR = 2.44), friends smoked in front of me (AOR = 16.24), and school staff smoked in front of me (AOR = 2.98); and enabling factors, ie, cigarette availability and accessibility (AOR = 2.16 and 2.42, respectively). A student's perceived punishment for smoking at school had a positive significant effect on the risk of being former-smokers (AOR = 1.57). CONCLUSION The findings provide a basis for school and community to design and implement effective anti-smoking programs for remote mountain-based students to further reduce youth smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ling Huang
- Department of Oral Hygiene, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
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Huang HL, Yen YY, Lin PL, Chiu CH, Hsu CC, Chen T, Hu CY, Lin YY, Lee CH, Chen FL. Household secondhand smoke exposure of elementary schoolchildren in Southern Taiwan and factors associated with their confidence in avoiding exposure: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:40. [PMID: 22251625 PMCID: PMC3316143 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to household Secondhand Smoke (SHS) poses a major health threat to children after an indoor smoking ban was imposed in Taiwan. This study aimed to assess the household SHS exposure in elementary school children in southern Taiwan and the factors associated with their avoidance of SHS exposure before and after the implementation of Taiwan's new Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act in 2009. Methods In this cross-sectional school-based study, data on household SHS exposure, avoidance of SHS and related variables was obtained from the 2008 and 2009 Control of School-aged Children Smoking Study Survey. A random sample of 52 elementary schools was included. A total of 4450 3-6 graders (aged 8-13) completed the questionnaire. Regression models analyzed factors of children's self-confidence to avoid household SHS exposure. Results Over 50% of children were found to have lived with a family member who smoked in front of them after the new law enacted, and 35% of them were exposed to household SHS more than 4 days a week. Having a positive attitude toward smoking (β = -0.05 to -0.06) and high household SHS exposure (β = -0.34 to -0.47) were significantly associated with a lower avoidance of SHS exposure. Comparing to girls, boys had lower scores in their knowledge of tobacco hazards; and this factor was significantly related to their SHS avoidance (β = 0.13-0.14). Conclusions The intervention program should enhance school children do actively avoid exposure to SHS in home settings, and more importantly, provide tobacco hazard knowledge to male students to avoid exposure to household SHS for themselves. The results also provide further evidence that Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act should perhaps be extended to the family environment in order to protect children from the hazards of household SHS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ling Huang
- Department of Public Health, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Sinjhuang District, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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