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Ferreira R, Fernandes N, Bico C, Bonito A, Moura C, Sousa L, Baixinho CL, Fonseca C. The Perspective of Rehabilitation Nurses on Physical Exercise in the Rehabilitation of Older People in the Community: A Qualitative Study. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:163. [PMID: 38132718 PMCID: PMC10743497 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8040163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In the face of an increasingly aging population, nurses have to design and implement programs aimed at the elderly in order to keep them healthy and maintain their quality of life. Structured physical exercise and overall physical activity play a major role in maintaining an active lifestyle, improving health, preventing disease, and helping to maintain older people's quality of life. To investigate the importance of implementing physical exercise programs for the older person in the community, taking into account the perspective of the rehabilitation nurse specialist, this is a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study with nine rehabilitation nurses from various regions of Portugal who have experience of implementing physical exercise programs with the elderly. This study used semi-structured interviews, one of the most common data collection procedures in social and health research. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. The study received a positive opinion from the Ethics Committee. The participants' perspectives focused on the following subjects: "Physical exercise program for the elderly in the community", "Importance of physical exercise in the rehabilitation of the elderly in the community", "People's adherence to the programs", "Gains in health resulting from the implementation of these strategies" and "Gains from group activities". A set of indicators emerged from the analysis. Nurses recognize the importance of using structured physical exercise programs adjusted to the rehabilitation of the older person, with gains in promoting active and healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério Ferreira
- Polytechnic Institute of Beja, School of Health, 7800-111 Beja, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
| | - Nuno Fernandes
- Unidade Local de Saúde do Norte Alentejano (ULSNA), Portalegre Hospital, 7300-853 Portalegre, Portugal; (N.F.); (C.B.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Carina Bico
- Unidade Local de Saúde do Norte Alentejano (ULSNA), Portalegre Hospital, 7300-853 Portalegre, Portugal; (N.F.); (C.B.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Ana Bonito
- Unidade Local de Saúde do Norte Alentejano (ULSNA), Portalegre Hospital, 7300-853 Portalegre, Portugal; (N.F.); (C.B.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Cláudia Moura
- Setúbal Hospital Center, S. Bernardo Hospital, 2900-182 Setubal, Portugal;
| | - Luís Sousa
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
- School of Health, Atlantic University, 2730-036 Barcarena, Portugal
| | - Cristina Lavareda Baixinho
- Lisbon School of Nursing, 1900-160 Lisbon, Portugal
- Nursing Research, Innovation and Development Centre of Lisbon (CIDNUR), 1900-160 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - César Fonseca
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Enfermagem S. João de Deus, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
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Sex Differences in Falls: The Mediating Role of Gait Stability Ratio and Body Balance in Vulnerable Older Adults. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020450. [PMID: 36675379 PMCID: PMC9864613 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study, conducted on a large sample of older adults at elevated fall risk (1), aimed to verify statistical differences in gait stability ratio (GSR) and body balance (BB) according to sex, (2) to examine and compare GSR and BB performance between older adult fallers and non-fallers, (3) to determine an association between GSR and BB according to the history of falls, and (4) to explore whether GSR and BB mediate the association between sex and falls. We included 619 individuals (69.8 ± 5.6 years) living in the Autonomous Region of Madeira, Portugal. The frequency of falls was obtained by self-report. BB was determined by the Fullerton Advanced Balance scale, while GSR was established by dividing cadence by gait speed and data collected during the 50-foot walk test. Males indicated a lower prevalence of falls in the last 12 months (23.6%), while females had a higher score (48.7%), as well as a lower balance performance (p < 0.001) and higher GSR scores (p < 0.001). Lower BB control (p < 0.001), as well as higher GSR, were more expressive for fallers (p < 0.001). We found a large, negative and significant correlation between GSR and BB for historical falls (r = −0.560; p < 0.001), and between male and female cohorts (r = −0.507; p < 0.001). The total effect of sex on falls mediated by GSR and BB was 16.4%. Consequently, GSR and BB mediated this association by approximately 74.0% and 22.5%, respectively.
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Nascimento MDM, Gouveia ÉR, Gouveia BR, Marques A, Martins F, Przednowek K, França C, Peralta M, Ihle A. Associations of Gait Speed, Cadence, Gait Stability Ratio, and Body Balance with Falls in Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192113926. [PMID: 36360802 PMCID: PMC9655734 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the association between gait speed (GS), cadence (CAD), gait stability ratio (GSR), and body balance (BB) with falls in a large sample of older adults. The analysis included 619 individuals-305 men and 314 women (69.50 ± 5.62 years)-residing in the Autonomous Region of Madeira, Portugal. Mobility in GS, CAD, and GSR was assessed using the 50-foot walk test and BB by the Fullerton Advanced Balance scale. The frequency of falls was obtained by self-report. Linear regression analysis showed that higher performance in GS and BB was able to reduce the risk of falling by up to 0.34 and 0.44 times, respectively. An increase in the GSR value enhanced the risk of falling by up to 0.10 times. Multinomial analysis indicated that, in relation to the highest tertile (reference), older adults classified with GS and BB performance in the lowest tertile (lowest) had an increased chance (OR) of falling by up to 149.3% and 48.8%, respectively. Moreover, in relation to the highest tertile, the performance of the GSR classified in the lowest and medium tercile showed an increase in the chance of falling by up to 57.4% and 56.4%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo de Maio Nascimento
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, 56304-917 Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Élvio Rúbio Gouveia
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- LARSYS, Interactive Technologies Institute, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bruna R. Gouveia
- LARSYS, Interactive Technologies Institute, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Regional Directorate of Health, Secretary of Health of the Autonomous Region of Madeira, 9004-515 Funchal, Portugal
- Saint Joseph of Cluny Higher School of Nursing, 9050-535 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Adilson Marques
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon (CIPER), 1495-751 Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon (ISAMB), 1649-020 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Francisco Martins
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- LARSYS, Interactive Technologies Institute, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Krzysztof Przednowek
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Cíntia França
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- LARSYS, Interactive Technologies Institute, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Miguel Peralta
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon (CIPER), 1495-751 Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon (ISAMB), 1649-020 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreas Ihle
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES—Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Ojo EO, Thiamwong L. Effects of Nurse-Led Fall Prevention Programs for Older Adults: A Systematic Review. PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING RESEARCH 2022; 26:417-431. [PMID: 36051891 PMCID: PMC9432804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Falls among older adults are preventable events and fall prevention programs led by nursing staff are promising and viable programs for preventing falls. This systematic review aimed to gain insight into the effects of nurse-led fall prevention programs for older adults. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analysis was used as a guideline in reporting this literature search conducted through CINAHL, MEDLINE, Eric, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases. The Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice was used to determine the level of evidence and quality rating of the articles, while data extraction was done by a matrix review method. The review included six randomized controlled trials, two non-randomized controlled trials, and three quasi-experimental designs. Six studies directed their education component of the intervention on the nursing staff, while three focused on the older participants. Nurses' roles were patient assessment, patient education, administration of exercise programs, and follow-up post interventions. Fall rates and fall incidents were reduced in five studies, while three studies changed patients' behavior. Fall prevention programs with education components specific for older adults and nursing staff resulted in positive outcomes. Nursing staff make a significant contribution to improving patients' outcomes, and a fall prevention program that focuses on reducing injurious fall rates and enhancing participants' behavior could maximize its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Oladepe Ojo
- Correspondence to: Eunice Oladepe Ojo, DNP, RN, CV-BC, PCCN, DNP Graduate (Nurse Executive), College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA.
| | - Ladda Thiamwong
- Department of Nursing Systems, College of Nursing University of Central Florida Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
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Influence of 8-Week Horseback Riding Activity on Balance and Pelvic Movements in an Older Adult Population. J Aging Phys Act 2022; 30:906-915. [DOI: 10.1123/japa.2021-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The biomechanical relationship between horse and rider in equine-assisted activities and therapies has been largely unexplored. The three-dimensional stimulation of the horse’s gait has potential to improve rider musculature and coordination, especially in an older adult population. This study utilized dual-axis goniometers and video motion capture tracking to simultaneously track horse and rider hip flexion and extension. Ten older adult riders participated in 8 weeks of horseback riding lessons, where pelvis kinematics and balance assessments were compared between Weeks 1 and 8. Pelvic roll of the rider and horses’ hip flexion and extension were successfully tracked and summed improvements in balance assessments were also evident after 8 weeks of horseback riding lessons. Future research will assess deeper kinematic relationships between a horse’s gait and rider biomechanical responses.
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Cerilo PC, Siegmund LA. Pilot testing of nurse led multimodal intervention for falls prevention. Geriatr Nurs 2021; 43:242-248. [PMID: 34952307 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Patient fall-risk awareness, self-efficacy, and engagement in fall-prevention activities are important aspects of fall-prevention. The current pilot study examined the effect of a nurse-led multimodal intervention on hospitalized adults' levels of fall risk awareness, self-efficacy, and engagement in fall prevention. Sixty hospitalized older adults in an acute care setting in Florida participated in the study. There were significant differences [pre-test (M = 19.02, SD=1.152) and post-test (M = 21.71, SD=0.527); t (17.355) = 58, p≤.001] on level of fall risk awareness in fall prevention. There were no significant findings for fall self-efficacy and engagement. Study findings suggested that the higher the fall self-efficacy, the higher the engagement. Future research is needed to examine self-efficacy and engagement for fall prevention in larger diverse cohorts of hospitalized older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perlita C Cerilo
- Nursing Operations Manager, Cleveland Clinic, Weston, Florida 33331, USA.
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Cao S, Huang H, Xiao M, Yan L, Xu W, Tang X, Luo X, Zhao Q. Research on safety in home care for older adults: A bibliometric analysis. Nurs Open 2021; 8:1720-1730. [PMID: 33626246 PMCID: PMC8186682 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to describe and visualize the current research state and collaborative networks in home care safety for older adults over the past 11 years to analyse the gaps of research and future research trends. BACKGROUND The amount of research on safety in home care for older adults is increasing. It is necessary to understand the status of development and main research topics and identify the main contributors and their relationships. METHODS A total of 2,631 publications were retrieved from the Web of Science. The external characteristics of the publications were summarized with the Web of Science and Histcite. Collaborative networks and keywords were analysed and visually displayed using analysis tools. RESULTS The number of articles increased over the years. Articles were identified from 79 countries, 3,630 institutions, 647 journals and 11,691 authors, and complex cooperative relations among them and five research topics were identified. CONCLUSION Research on home care safety for older adults is developing steadily, and this field may be understood to a greater extent in the future. Countries, institutions and scholars need to cooperate more in this research field. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT This study contributes important information for understanding achievements in the research field of home care safety and provides insights into future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songmei Cao
- School of NursingChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- Department of NursingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Mingzhao Xiao
- Department of UrologyUrologistThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Lei Yan
- Department of NursingThe Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Wenxin Xu
- School of NursingChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xumeng Tang
- School of NursingChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiaoqin Luo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryHospital (T.C.M) affiliated to southwest medical universityLuzhouChina
| | - Qinghua Zhao
- Department of NursingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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The Efficacy of a Multicomponent Functional Fitness Program Based on Exergaming on Cognitive Functioning of Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Aging Phys Act 2020; 29:586-594. [PMID: 33361495 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2020-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Regular physical exercise can attenuate age-related cognitive decline. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a physical exercise multicomponent training based on exergames on cognitive functioning (CF) in older adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This randomized controlled trial included older adults aged 61-78. Participants were randomly allocated to an intervention group (IG; n = 15) or active control group (CG; n = 16). The IG was exposed to a combined training with traditional exercise and exergaming, twice a week over a period of 12 weeks. The CG performed only traditional sessions. CF was assessed by the Cognitive Telephone Screening Instrument. The time points for assessment were at zero (pretest), 12 (posttest), and 17 weeks (follow-up). RESULTS Active CG and IG increased from pretest to posttest in short-term memory (STM), long-term memory (LTM), and Cognitive Telephone Screening Instrument total score 1.98 > Z < 3.00, ps < .005, with moderately large positive effects (.36 > r < .54). A significant increase was seen from posttest to follow-up in STM, Z = 2.74, p = .006, and LTM, Z = 2.31, p < .021, only in IG. Across the two time periods posttest to follow-up, there were significant interaction effects between program type and time for STM (p = .022, ηp2=.17) and LTM (p = .004, ηp2=.25), demonstrating a more beneficial effect of the exergames intervention compared to the CG. Discussion and Implications: The integration of exergaming in a multicomponent functional fitness exercise might have the potential to maintain and improve CF (in particular, STM and LTM) in older adults.
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Relationship between fall risks and activities of daily living in older individuals. FRONTIERS OF NURSING 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/fon-2020-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
To investigate the relationship between fall risks and maintaining activities of daily living in individuals aged 65 and over.
Methods
This study is cross-sectional. It was conducted with 233 individuals who were aged 65 and over in Family Health Centers located in the eastern part of Turkey between February and June 2018.
Results
The mean older individuals’ DENN Fall Risks Assessment Scale score was 11.73 ± 7.13, and 62.2% of the participants were in the high-risk group. Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) mean score was 68.03 ± 25.36, and 45.1% of the participants were in the moderately dependent group. There was a statistically significant, negative correlationship between Barthel Index of ADL score and age and DENN Fall Risks Assessment Scale score. In addition, there was a statistically significant, positive relationship between the DENN Fall Risks Assessment Scale score and age (p < 0.01).
Conclusions
This study found that level of dependency and fall risks increased with the increase in age. Effective global and multidisciplinary interventions are needed to decrease older individuals’ dependency levels and fall risks today when the number of older individuals is increasing.
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Muscle Mass and Muscle Strength Relationships to Balance: The Role of Age and Physical Activity. J Aging Phys Act 2020; 28:262-268. [PMID: 31585435 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2018-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relations of balance to muscle mass (MM) and muscle strength (MS), depending on age and physical activity, which is of particular importance to functional independence in older people. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 802 volunteers (69.82 ± 5.60 years). The Fullerton Advanced Balance scale was used to assess balance and a composite score, including arm curl and chair stand tests for assessing MS. MM was estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and physical activity by questionnaire. RESULTS Greater MM (r = .26, p < .001) and MS (r = .53, p < .001) were positively correlated to balance. The old-old adults and less active individuals attained lower balance. Notably, moderation and subsequent simple slope analyses revealed that the relations of balance, MM, and MS were larger in less active and the old-old adults. CONCLUSIONS The old-old and less active adults were more prone to muscle weakness and balance impairments. Tailored interventions should particularly consider these vulnerable groups.
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Mercuris K, Lowry K, Espey S. Does Instructor Experience Impact Balance and Health-Related Quality of Life in Healthy Older Adult Participants following a Tai Chi for Arthritis Program? J Community Health Nurs 2020; 37:26-34. [PMID: 31905305 DOI: 10.1080/07370016.2019.1693136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Tai chi improves balance in older adults; however, the level of instructor expertise on balance outcomes is not known. Older adults (mean age 72.6 ± 4.2 yrs.) were taught for 6 months by experienced (n = 15) or novice (n = 11) instructors. Both groups had large standardized response means (SRM) for the Four-Square-Step-Test. Only the experienced group had moderate to large SRMs (range 0.439-0.741) in all sway measures under challenge (standing with eyes closed on foam). Participants taught by experienced instructors had greater balance gains; the experience of instructors should be considered in future studies and community referrals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Mercuris
- Department of Physical Therapy, Des Moines University, Des Moines, Iowa, USA
| | - Kristin Lowry
- Department of Physical Therapy, Des Moines University, Des Moines, Iowa, USA
| | - Samuel Espey
- Department of Physical Therapy, Des Moines University, Des Moines, Iowa, USA
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Gouveia ÉR, Gouveia BR, Ihle A, Kliegel M, Marques A, Freitas DL. Balance and mobility relationships in older adults: A representative population-based cross-sectional study in Madeira, Portugal. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2018; 80:65-69. [PMID: 30388458 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Balance and mobility impairments are important modifiable risk factors associated with falls in older people. PURPOSE To investigate how different functional fitness components relate to balance and mobility, after controlling for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and different physical activity (PA) domains. METHODS This representative cross-sectional study included 802 individuals, 401 males and 401 females (69.8 ± 5.6 years) from Madeira, Portugal. The Fullerton Advance Balance (FAB) scale was used to assess balance. Mobility in terms of gait velocity, cadence, stride length, and gait stability ratio (GSR) were assessed using the 50-foot Walk test. PA was assessed through a face-to-face interview using the Baecke questionnaire, and functional fitness was assessed with Senior Fitness tests (strength, flexibility, and aerobic endurance). RESULTS Balance and mobility were negatively associated with age and BMI, and positively related to PA and functional fitness. Moreover, male presented better performance in balance and mobility. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that functional fitness explained the highest amount of variance in balance and all mobility parameters (over and above age, sex, BMI, and PA). Specifically, entering functional fitness components significantly increased explained variance in FAB (+19%), gait velocity (+25%), cadence (+15%), stride length (+9%), and GSR (+ 31%). In these models, aerobic endurance consistently had the strongest contribution. CONCLUSION Strength, flexibility, and especially aerobic endurance, over and above non-modifiable variables like age and sex, are crucial for maintaining or improving balance and mobility and, thereby, prevent falls in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élvio R Gouveia
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal; Madeira Interactive Technologies Institute, Funchal, Portugal; Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Bruna R Gouveia
- Madeira Interactive Technologies Institute, Funchal, Portugal; Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Health Administration Institute, Secretary of Health of the Autonomous Region of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal; Saint Joseph of Cluny Higher School of Nursing, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Andreas Ihle
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Adilson Marques
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Duarte L Freitas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal; Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK; CIFI(2)D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Witt S, Englander E, Kumlien C, Axelsson M. Mismatch between risk factors and preventive interventions? A register study of fall prevention among older people in one Swedish county. Int J Older People Nurs 2018; 13:e12209. [PMID: 30187674 DOI: 10.1111/opn.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falls are a common and often a devastating health hazard for older people, causing suffering, morbidity and mortality. Falls are costly for society in terms of both resources and direct medical costs. Although knowledge about falls and fall prevention is well known, falls among older people are still a major problem. AIM AND OBJECTIVES The aim was to estimate the prevalence of the risk of falls among older people receiving municipal health care. A further aim was to investigate the consistency between fall risk factors and preventive nursing interventions. DESIGN A cross-sectional register study. METHODS Data containing risk assessments based on the Downton Fall Risk Index (DFRI) and planned interventions by the municipal health care were collected from the Swedish national quality registry, Senior Alert. Data were analysed using descriptive and analytic statistics. RESULTS In the sample of 5,427 older people, the prevalence of the risk of falling was 79%. There was a difference in prevalence between the different types of municipal health care, sex and age. The most common preventive intervention was environment adjustments, and the least planned intervention was information/education about falls. Physical activity as an intervention was planned among 13.2% of the participants. Approximately 27% of the older people did not have any planned interventions despite being at risk of falling. Planned interventions did not always correspond with the risk factors; for instance, only 35.4% of those at risk of falling due to medication obtained pharmaceutical reviews as a preventive measure to decrease the risk. CONCLUSION The risk of falling is common among older people, and the preventive interventions do not sufficiently follow current evidence. This implies that systematic implementation of fall-prevention guidelines is needed in municipal care. IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE A better match between identified risk factors and preventive interventions is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Witt
- Faculty of Health and Society, Department of Care Science, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.,Health Center Fågelbacken, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emma Englander
- Faculty of Health and Society, Department of Care Science, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christine Kumlien
- Faculty of Health and Society, Department of Care Science, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malin Axelsson
- Faculty of Health and Society, Department of Care Science, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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Cho YH, Mohamed O, White B, Singh-Carlson S, Krishnan V. The effects of a multicomponent intervention program on clinical outcomes associated with falls in healthy older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res 2018; 30:1101-1110. [PMID: 29372541 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-018-0895-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multicomponent intervention programs have been shown to be effective in reducing risk factors associated with falls, but the primary target population of these interventions is often low-functioning older adults. AIMS The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention program focusing on balance and muscle strength for independently functioning community-dwelling older adults. METHODS Fifty-three independently functioning older adults, aged 80.09 ± 6.62 years, participated in a group exercise class (conducted 2 times/week for 8 weeks) emphasizing balance. Outcome measures were balance performance using the Fullerton Advanced Balance (FAB) scale and muscle strength using the Senior Fitness Test (SFT). RESULTS The intervention improved balance (P < 0.001), and older adults who were classified as having high fall risks based on the FAB scores at pre-testing improved more than older adults who were classified as having low fall risks (P = 0.017). As a result, 22 participants transitioned from a high fall risk group at pre-testing to a low fall risk group at post-testing (P < 0.001). The intervention also enhanced both upper and lower muscle extremity strength based on SFT results (P < 0.001) regardless of participants' classification of fall risk status. CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION The multicomponent intervention conducted two times per week for 8 weeks was effective in improving balance and enhancing muscle strength of independently functioning older adults. The results underscore the importance of providing fall prevention interventions to healthy older adults, a population often not a target of balance interventions.
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Gouveia BR, Gouveia ÉR, Ihle A, Jardim HG, Martins MM, Freitas DL, Kliegel M. The effect of the ProBalance Programme on health-related quality of life of community-dwelling older adults: A randomised controlled trial. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2017; 74:26-31. [PMID: 28941936 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important health outcome in older adults. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of the ProBalance rehabilitation programme on HRQoL of community-dwelling older adults with balance impairments and to investigate whether effects differ between age groups and/or HRQoL components. METHODS A single-blind, randomised controlled trial included community-dwelling older adults, aged 65-85, with balance impairments. Participants (n=52) were randomly allocated to an intervention group (IG) or a control group (CG). A rehabilitation programme included gait, balance, functional training, strengthening, flexibility, and 3D training. A group-based intervention was administered over a period of 12 weeks (90-min sessions, 2days per week). A wait-list control group was instructed to maintain their usual activities during the same period. Participants' HRQoL was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire. The time points for assessment were at zero (pre-test), 12 (post-test), and 24 weeks (follow up). RESULTS A trend for higher HRQoL in the IG compared to the CG and a significant interaction of group with time were found, with significantly higher increases in HRQoL from the pre-test to the post-test (and to follow-up) in the IG, compared to the CG. RESULTS were independent of age group (young-old vs. old-old) and HRQoL component (physical vs. mental). CONCLUSIONS Present results suggest that the ProBalance programme had a beneficial effect on HRQoL of community-dwelling older adults, which held across young and old adults and not only comprised physical but also mental HRQoL. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12612000301864.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna R Gouveia
- Saint Joseph of Cluny Higher School of Nursing, Funchal, Portugal; Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Health and Social Affairs Administration Institute of the Autonomous Region of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal.
| | - Élvio R Gouveia
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal; Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Ihle
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss National Center of Competences in Research LIVES-Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Helena G Jardim
- Higher School of Health, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | | | - Duarte L Freitas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal; Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss National Center of Competences in Research LIVES-Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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