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Tinajero J, Rashid T. Urologic oncology considerations in transgender and gender diverse patients. Curr Opin Urol 2024; 34:314-322. [PMID: 38932479 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0000000000001207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review delves into the pressing issue of urologic oncology considerations within the transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) community. With estimates suggesting that TGD individuals constitute 0.3 to 0.5% of adults worldwide, and this number steadily rising, our review examines the barriers that impede the delivery of excellent quality care, particularly in the context of cancer diagnosis and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS Recent findings highlight disparities in cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment access for TGD individuals. These challenges are compounded by a dearth of research and the failure of healthcare systems to account for gender identity and its nuances in data collection. Main themes in the literature include the impact of gender-affirming hormone therapy and surgery on cancer risk, challenges in prostate cancer screening and management, and considerations pertinent to testicular and other urological cancers in TGD patients. SUMMARY The implications for clinical practice and research are profound and emphasize the need for multidisciplinary approaches that cater to the unique healthcare needs of TGD individuals. This includes comprehensive strategies for inclusive and accurate data collection, alongside the development of evidence-based guidelines for cancer screening and management tailored specifically to this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tinajero
- Chelsea Centre for Gender Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital
| | - Tina Rashid
- Chelsea Centre for Gender Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital
- Nuffield Health Parkside Hospital, London, UK
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Saab MM, McCarthy M, Davoren MP, Shiely F, Harrington JM, Shorter GW, Murphy D, O’Mahony B, Cooke E, Murphy A, Kirby A, Rovito MJ, Robertson S, FitzGerald S, O’Connor A, O’Riordan M, Hegarty J, Dahly D. Enhancing Men's Awareness of Testicular Diseases (E-MAT) using virtual reality: A randomised pilot feasibility study and mixed method process evaluation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307426. [PMID: 39037976 PMCID: PMC11262699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Testicular cancer is among the most common malignancies in men under the age of 50 years. Most testicular symptoms are linked to benign diseases. Men's awareness of testicular diseases and testicular self-examination behaviours are suboptimal. In this pilot feasibility study and process evaluation we examine the feasibility of conducting a future definitive randomised controlled trial (RCT) to test the effect of the Enhancing Men's Awareness of Testicular Diseases using Virtual Reality intervention (E-MATVR) compared to the Enhancing Men's Awareness of Testicular Diseases using Electric information control (E-MATE). The study protocol is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05146466). METHODS Male athletes, engaged in Gaelic games, and aged 18 to 50 years were included. Recruitment was via FacebookTM, XTM (formerly TwitterTM), and posters. Participants were individually randomised to either E-MATVR or E-MATE. Data were collected at baseline (T0), immediately post-test (T1), and three months post-test (T2) using surveys. Qualitative interviews were conducted with participants and researchers. RESULTS Data were collected from 74 participants. Of those, 66 were retained. All E-MATVR participants and most E-MATE participants (n = 33, 89.2%) agreed/strongly agreed that the device was easy to use and that they were engaged to learn by the device. Most E-MATVR participants (n = 34, 91.9%) and all E-MATE participants agreed/strongly agreed that the time it took them to complete the intervention was reasonable. All 74 participants were extremely satisfied/somewhat satisfied with their overall participation in the study. E-MATVR was described as interactive, easy, fun, and close to real life. Initial difficulty using VR equipment, nausea, and technical issues were identified as challenges to engaging with E-MATVR. Recommendations were made to make VR more accessible, shorten the survey, and incorporate more interactivity. Across all participants, mean testicular knowledge scores (range 0-1) increased from 0.4 (SD 0.2) at T0 to 0.8 (SD 0.2) at T1. At T2, overall mean scores for participants were 0.7 (SD 0.2). Mean knowledge scores did not differ by trial arm at any timepoint. At T2, all E-MATVR participants and 29/32 E-MATE participants (90.6%) reported purposefully examining their testes within the past three months. CONCLUSION Findings are promising, highlighting the feasibility of using VR to promote young athletes' awareness of testicular diseases. Considering the strengths, limitations, and lessons learned from this study, some modifications are required prior to conducing an RCT. These include but are not limited to shortening survey questions, incorporating more interactivity and visual content, and targeting more heterogenous male-dominated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad M. Saab
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Megan McCarthy
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Martin P. Davoren
- Sexual Health Centre, Cork, Ireland
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Frances Shiely
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Health Research Board Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Janas M. Harrington
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Centre for Health and Diet Research, School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gillian W. Shorter
- Drug and Alcohol Research Network, School of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - David Murphy
- School of Computer Science and Information Technology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Billy O’Mahony
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Computer Science and Information Technology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eoghan Cooke
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Health Research Board Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Health Research Board National Clinical Trials Office, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aileen Murphy
- Department of Economics, Cork University Business School, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ann Kirby
- Department of Economics, Cork University Business School, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael J. Rovito
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Steve Robertson
- School of Allied Health Professions, Nursing & Midwifery, Faculty of Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Serena FitzGerald
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alan O’Connor
- St. Finbarr’s National Hurling & Football Club, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Josephine Hegarty
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Darren Dahly
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Health Research Board Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Saab MM, Shetty VN, McCarthy M, Davoren MP, Flynn A, Kirby A, Robertson S, Shorter GW, Murphy D, Rovito MJ, Shiely F, Hegarty J. Promoting 'testicular awareness': Co-design of an inclusive campaign using the World Café Methodology. Health Expect 2024; 27:e13898. [PMID: 37877701 PMCID: PMC10726274 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Testicular cancer is the most common cancer in men aged 15-44 years in many countries. Most men with testicular cancer present with a lump. Testicular symptoms are more likely to occur secondary to benign diseases like epididymo-orchitis, a common sexually transmitted infection. Gender and sexual minorities are at an increased risk of testicular diseases and health disparities. The aim of this study was to co-design an inclusive community-based campaign to promote testicular awareness. METHODS This study uses the World Café methodology. Participation was sought from Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer+ friendly organisations, testicular cancer survivors, health policy makers, media and marketing experts and graphic designers. Participants engaged in three rounds of conversations to co-design the campaign. Data were collected using drawing sheets, artefact cards, sticky notes, coloured markers and a voice recorder. Deductive thematic analysis was conducted. RESULTS Seventeen individuals participated in the study. Six themes emerged from the analysis as follows: (i) online communication; (ii) offline communication; (iii) behavioural targeting and education; (iv) campaign frequency and reach; (v) demographic segmentation; and (vi) campaign identity. The use of social media for campaign delivery featured strongly in all conversations. Participants also recommended offline communication using posters and radio/television advertisements to scale up the campaign and achieve wider reach. Advertisements to overcome embarrassment surrounding testicular health were particularly recommended. Participants emphasised that campaign delivery must be dynamic whilst ensuring that the health-promoting messages are not diluted or lost. They stressed the importance of being inclusive and tailoring the campaign to different age groups, gender identities and sexual orientations. CONCLUSIONS Study recommendations will be used to design and deliver the campaign. Future research will be needed to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, cost and effect of the campaign on promoting testicular awareness and early detection of testicular diseases. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION A participatory research approach was used to co-design the campaign with members of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer+ (LGBTQ+) friendly organisations, LGBTQ+ student bodies, LGBTQ+ staff networks, LGBTQ+ sports clubs, men's health organisations, testicular cancer survivors, health policy makers, media and marketing experts and graphic designers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad M. Saab
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and MidwiferyUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Varsha N. Shetty
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and MidwiferyUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Megan McCarthy
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and MidwiferyUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Martin P. Davoren
- Sexual Health CentreCorkIreland
- School of Public HealthUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Angela Flynn
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and MidwiferyUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Ann Kirby
- Department of Economics, Cork University Business SchoolUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Steve Robertson
- School of Allied Health Professions, Nursing & Midwifery, Faculty of HealthUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | | | - David Murphy
- School of Computer Science & Information TechnologyUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Michael J. Rovito
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions and SciencesUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFloridaUSA
| | - Frances Shiely
- School of Public HealthUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- HRB Clinical Research FacilityUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Josephine Hegarty
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and MidwiferyUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
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Saab MM, Davoren MP, Murphy A, Murphy D, Cooke E, Landers M, Fitzgerald S, Richardson N, Rovito MJ, Von Wagner C, Murphy M, Dahly D, Hegarty J. Promoting men's awareness, self-examination, and help-seeking for testicular disorders: a systematic review of interventions. HRB Open Res 2023; 1:16. [PMID: 32002508 PMCID: PMC6973532 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.12837.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Testicular cancer (TC) is among the most commonly diagnosed cancers in men aged 15-40 years. The incidence of TC is on the rise. Benign testicular disorders, such as testicular torsion and epididymitis, can lead to testicular ischemia, sepsis, and infertility if left untreated. This updated systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of studies promoting men's knowledge and awareness of testicular disorders and/or self-examination, behaviours and/or intentions to examine their testes, and help-seeking behaviours and/or intentions for testicular disorder symptoms. Methods: Academic Search Complete, Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ERIC, the Cochrane Library, the World Health Organisation International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched for studies published between April 2018 and August 2023. Methodological quality was assessed and results were synthesised meta-narratively. Results: Five studies were included. The majority of the reviewed interventions were successful in increasing men's awareness of TC and self-examination, including a PowerPoint presentation, an online educational brochure, video-assisted teaching, a motivational video, and a virtual reality game. Only one study addressed help-seeking for testicular symptoms and promoted men's awareness of benign as well as malignant testicular diseases. Conclusions: This review highlights the importance of evaluating innovative educational interventions aimed at younger men, whilst raising their awareness of testicular disorders and increasing their help-seeking intentions for testicular disorder symptoms. Given the lack of consensus around scheduled testicular self-examination among younger men, clinicians are encouraged to instruct men to familiarise themselves with the look and feel of their own testes and to seek timely medical attention for abnormalities. Registration: The protocol of the previous version of this review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the registration number CRD42018093671.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad M. Saab
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Martin P. Davoren
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Sexual Health Centre, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aileen Murphy
- Department of Economics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - David Murphy
- School of Computer Science & Information Technology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eoghan Cooke
- Health Research Board Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Health Research Board National Clinical Trials Office, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Margaret Landers
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Serena Fitzgerald
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Noel Richardson
- Department of Science and Health, South East Technological University, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Michael J. Rovito
- College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Christian Von Wagner
- Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mike Murphy
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Darren Dahly
- Health Research Board Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Josephine Hegarty
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Hegarty J, McCarthy M, Davoren M, Shiely F, Harrington JM, Shorter G, Murphy D, Cooke E, O'Mahony B, M. Saab M. Enhancing men's awareness of testicular diseases (E-MAT) feasibility trial: Protocol for a mixed method process evaluation. HRB Open Res 2023; 5:25. [PMID: 37636246 PMCID: PMC10450256 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13515.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Testicular cancer (TC) is the most common malignancy in men under 50 years. Athletes are particularly at risk of testicular trauma and diseases. Experiencing negative testicular symptoms does not necessarily imply that men seek help. Men's awareness of testicular diseases is often lacking and their intention to seek help for testicular symptoms is sub-optimal. The use of virtual reality (VR) may be effective in promoting men's awareness of testicular diseases. The Enhancing Men's Awareness of Testicular diseases (E-MAT) feasibility trial aims to test the effect of E-MAT VR (intervention; interactive experience using virtual reality [VR]) compared to information delivered Electronically E-MAT E (control; same information as E-MAT VR delivered as plain text and images) on testicular knowledge, and testicular self-examination among male athletes affiliated with a national sports organisation. The overall aim of this mixed method process evaluation will be to describe (i) the experiences of participants and key stakeholders (e.g., researchers); (ii) the perceived effectiveness of intervention components; (iii) acceptability of the feasibility trial and intervention procedures; (iv) the relationship between implementation, mechanisms, and context; and (v) the barriers and facilitators to support effective conduct of a future definitive trial. Methods: This mixed method process evaluation will use a descriptive realist evaluation. Quantitative data will be gathered using a usability and satisfaction survey, in addition to fidelity checks during intervention delivery. Quantitative data will be analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative data will be gathered from semi-structured interviews and focus groups with participants and key stakeholders to investigate their experiences of E-MAT VR and E-MAT E, and explore areas for improvement. Thematic analysis of transcripts will be conducted. Conclusions: This process evaluation will provide an in-depth understanding of how the interventions worked within this cohort and lessons for a future definitive trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Hegarty
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Megan McCarthy
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Frances Shiely
- Trials Research and Methodologies Unit, Health Research Board Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Janas M. Harrington
- Health Research Board Centre for Health and Diet Research, School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gillian Shorter
- Centre for Improving Health Related Quality of Life, School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - David Murphy
- School of Computer Science and Information Technology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eoghan Cooke
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Billy O'Mahony
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mohamad M. Saab
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Mgawi O, Maree JE. An Inquiry into Cancer-Related Knowledge, Understanding, and Health-Seeking Behavior of Men Living in South Africa. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2022; 37:1855-1860. [PMID: 34120328 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-021-02052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In 2018, we conducted a survey among a convenience sample of men (n = 205) living in a resource-poor, semi-urban community in South Africa. We aimed to describe what they know about cancer by asking questions about cancer-related knowledge and understanding, and health-seeking behavior. We also investigated possible relationships between the variables. We used a researcher-administered questionnaire to collect the data and descriptive statistics and quantitative content analyses for the analysis. Chi-square was used to examine the relationships. The mean age of the sample was 35 years, and 49.8% (n = 102) attended 11 or 12 years of school. One-third (32.7%; n = 67) indicated they knew what cancer was, but only 28.8% (n = 59) gave an explanation: "very dangerous/a killer/worse than HIV" were the most common explanations. Only 24.9% (n = 51) were able to identify a possible warning sign, and "feeling very sick" was the most common. However, more than 60% considered six of the seven warning signs of cancer as serious. When suspecting they might have cancer, most (77%; n = 159) indicated they would tell the preferred person within 1 week, while 5.9% (n = 12) would tell "nobody." Although the majority (52.2%; n = 107) felt their partners and families motivated them to seek healthcare when sick, 28.3% (n = 58) needed permission to consult a professional. Educating the community about cancer in a culturally sensitive manner, irrespective of their educational level and perceived knowledge of cancer, could improve knowledge and understanding and lead to seeking healthcare timely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owens Mgawi
- Department of Nursing Education, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Johanna E Maree
- Department of Nursing Education, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.
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Saab MM, McCarthy M, O'Driscoll M, Sahm LJ, Leahy-Warren P, Noonan B, FitzGerald S, O'Malley M, Lyons N, Burns HE, Kennedy U, Lyng Á, Hegarty J. A systematic review of interventions to recognise, refer and diagnose patients with lung cancer symptoms. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med 2022; 32:42. [PMID: 36258020 PMCID: PMC9579201 DOI: 10.1038/s41533-022-00312-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with lung cancer (LC) often experience delay between symptom onset and treatment. Primary healthcare professionals (HCPs) can help facilitate early diagnosis of LC through recognising early signs and symptoms and making appropriate referrals. This systematic review describes the effect of interventions aimed at helping HCPs recognise and refer individuals with symptoms suggestive of LC. Seven studies were synthesised narratively. Outcomes were categorised into: Diagnostic intervals; referral and diagnosis patterns; stage distribution at diagnosis; and time interval from diagnosis to treatment. Rapid access pathways and continuing medical education for general practitioners can help reduce LC diagnostic and treatment delay. Awareness campaigns and HCP education can help inform primary HCPs about referral pathways. However, campaigns did not significantly impact LC referral rates or reduce diagnostic intervals. Disease outcomes, such as LC stage at diagnosis, recurrence, and survival were seldom measured. Review findings highlight the need for longitudinal, powered, and controlled studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad M Saab
- Catherine McCauley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Megan McCarthy
- Catherine McCauley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michelle O'Driscoll
- Catherine McCauley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Laura J Sahm
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Patricia Leahy-Warren
- Catherine McCauley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Brendan Noonan
- Catherine McCauley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Serena FitzGerald
- Catherine McCauley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Maria O'Malley
- Catherine McCauley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Noreen Lyons
- Rapid Access Lung Clinic, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Heather E Burns
- National Cancer Control Programme, Health Services Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Una Kennedy
- National Cancer Control Programme, Health Services Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Áine Lyng
- National Cancer Control Programme, Health Services Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Josephine Hegarty
- Catherine McCauley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Mursa R, Patterson C, Halcomb E. Men's help-seeking and engagement with general practice: An integrative review. J Adv Nurs 2022; 78:1938-1953. [PMID: 35384022 PMCID: PMC9322545 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aim To critically synthesize the literature that describes men's help‐seeking and engagement with general practice. Design Integrative literature review. Data sources CINAHL plus, Medline and APA PsycInfo were searched for papers published between 1999 and March 2021. Review methods After screening titles and abstracts, full‐text papers were screened against inclusion / exclusion criteria. All included papers were assessed for methodological quality. Findings were extracted, critically examined and synthesized into themes. Results Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis revealed four themes related to; (1) structural barriers, (2) internal barriers, (3) men's understanding of the role of general practice, and (4) self‐care and help‐seeking. The findings indicate that men can find general practice unwelcoming and unaccommodating. Men can also experience psychological barriers that impact engagement and help‐seeking. Men predominantly view general practice as a source of acute health care and do not appreciate the role of general practice in preventive health care and advice. Conclusion This review has provided insight into the issues around the barriers to health care engagement, men's understanding of the role of general practice and their associated help‐seeking. Seeking to further understand these issues could assist in the development of strategies to promote engagement of men with general practice health care. Impact This review highlights research about men's engagement with general practice and the missed opportunities in receiving preventive health care and education. Enhancing men's engagement with general practice has the potential to reduce the impact of their health on quality of life and improve health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Mursa
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher Patterson
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Halcomb
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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Fish JA, Prichard I, Ettridge K, Grunfeld EA, Wilson C. Predicting men’s intentions to seek help for cancer symptoms: a comparison of the Theory of Planned Behaviour and the Health Belief Model. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2022.2039042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Fish
- Flinders Health & Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Rosemary Bryant Ao Research Centre, Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ivanka Prichard
- College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kerry Ettridge
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Health Policy Centre, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Carlene Wilson
- Flinders Health & Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Olivia Newton John Cancer and Wellness Research Centre, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxia Gong
- School of Economics and Management, Southeast University, No.2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, China
| | | | - Qingxia Kong
- Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, Rotterdam 3062 PA, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfert Spijker
- Dutch Foundation of Population Screening Region South-West, Maasstadweg 124, Rotterdam 3079DZ, The Netherlands
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Iroegbu C, Lewis L, Matura LA. An integrative review: Chronic kidney disease awareness and the social determinants of health inequities. J Adv Nurs 2021; 78:918-928. [PMID: 34910316 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease is a common and prevalent condition in the United States. However, 90% of individuals with chronic kidney disease are unaware of their diagnosis. AIMS To summarize the empirical and theoretical literature to provide a comprehensive understanding of the social determinants of health inequities associated with CKD awareness. Social determinants of health inequities are underlying pathways that shape the health opportunities of individuals based on their social position. DESIGN Integrative review. DATA SOURCES (May 2020 through July 2020) Data sources included PubMed, sociological abstracts, ScienceDirect, CINAHL and Google Scholar. REVIEW METHODS Quantitative, qualitative and theoretical articles describing the association of social determinants of health inequities and chronic kidney disease awareness were included. RESULTS A total of 19 articles were reviewed: two qualitative, one theoretical and 16 quantitative. CONCLUSION Findings from this review revealed that socioeconomic status, education, race and gender are consistently associated with patient chronic kidney disease awareness. These findings should serve as a basis for further research on interventions to improve chronic kidney disease awareness as well as guide nurses and health care professionals in caring for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Iroegbu
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisa Lewis
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lea Ann Matura
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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12
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Karazeybek E, Özdemir C, Temür BN, Aksoy N. Beliefs and behaviours of students in
health‐related
faculties regarding testicular
self‐examination. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGICAL NURSING 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijun.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cafer Özdemir
- Faculty of Nursing Akdeniz University Antalya Turkey
| | | | - Nilgün Aksoy
- Faculty of Nursing Akdeniz University Antalya Turkey
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Dong X, Peng J, Li X, Zhao Q, Zhang X. Home Coping Strategies for Fatigue Used by Patients With Lung Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy in Rural China: A Qualitative Study. J Nurs Res 2021; 29:e178. [PMID: 34483303 DOI: 10.1097/jnr.0000000000000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-related fatigue, a distressing symptom, is frequently reported by patients with lung cancer as increasing in severity with the number of rounds of chemotherapy. Yet, patients and healthcare providers are challenged to control this fatigue. Thus, healthcare providers must have interventions to effectively enhance coping engagement in patients with lung cancer. PURPOSE The aims of this study were to explore how patients with lung cancer in a rural area of China undergoing chemotherapy cope with the fatigue at home and to summarize their strategies. METHODS A descriptive qualitative research approach was used, and data were collected using semistructured interviews. Sixteen patients with lung cancer with chemotherapy-related fatigue living in rural communities were recruited from a large, tertiary teaching hospital in Huzhou in eastern China. The transcripts of the interviews were analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS Coping strategies for cancer-related fatigue were delineated into the three themes of (a) psychological adjustment, (b) efforts to change lifestyles and act as a Chinese health practitioner, and (c) relying on social support. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The participants in this study provided information on a variety of approaches to reducing/alleviating cancer-related fatigue that were influenced by Chinese culture. Healthcare providers and patients may work together in clinical settings to identify appropriate, effective coping solutions and then to incorporate these into the regular care regimen to help patients transition between hospital and home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Dong
- MSN, RN, School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Jianying Peng
- MSN, RN, Head Nurse, Department of Nursing, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Xingxing Li
- MSN, RN, School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Qiyuan Zhao
- MSN, RN, School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Xiuwei Zhang
- PhD, RN, Associate Professor, School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
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Rovito MJ, Adams WB, Craycraft M, Gooljar C, Maresca M, Guelmes J, Gallelli A. The Association Between Testicular Self-Examination and Stages of Testicular Cancer Diagnosis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2021; 11:41-47. [PMID: 33877917 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2021.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Testicular cancer (TC) is the most prevalent tumor diagnosed in men 15-40 years of age. Survivorship and quality of life dramatically decrease with late-stage diagnosis. Testicular self-examination (TSE) is a diagnostic method used to discover early-stage tumor incidence. This study examines the relationship between practicing TSE and stage of diagnosis for TC survivors. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed, a 40-item survey among TC survivors (n = 619). Bivariate analyses consisted of Spearman Rho correlations of all primary variables with stage diagnosis of TC. Multivariate analysis employed an ordered logistic regression to determine stage diagnosis predictors. Results: "Regular" TSE practice significantly related with awareness (r = 0.4533) and knowledge of (r = 0.4866) TSE, confidence performing TSE (r = 0.4961), and feeling shape/feel differences of the testicle before diagnosis (r = 0.2115). Factors that had a statistically significant negative association with later-stage diagnosis included awareness (r = -0.1180) and knowledge of (r = -0.1586) TSE, confidence performing TSE (r = -0.1138), and feeling shape/feel differences of the testicle before diagnosis (r = -0.2938), among others. Regular TSE practice significantly predicted decreased odds of later-stage diagnosis within the sample subset reporting delay (odds ratio = 0.1628; p < 0.05); however, there was no significant relationship between regular TSE practice and stage diagnosis within the other model variations. Conclusion: This exploratory analysis aimed to provide baseline evidence of the possible association between the practice of TSE and the stage of TC diagnosis, and therefore making an indirect claim that TSE has the potential to improve quality of life and decrease TC mortality, particularly among adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Rovito
- Department of Health Sciences, Testicular Cancer Research Collaborative, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Wesley B Adams
- Department of Health Sciences, Testicular Cancer Research Collaborative, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | | | - Chayna Gooljar
- Department of Health Sciences, Testicular Cancer Research Collaborative, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Michael Maresca
- Department of Health Sciences, Testicular Cancer Research Collaborative, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Janet Guelmes
- Department of Health Sciences, Testicular Cancer Research Collaborative, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Alexa Gallelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Testicular Cancer Research Collaborative, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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Attitudes about Testicular Self-Examination among Polish Males. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10030239. [PMID: 33808756 PMCID: PMC8003475 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Testicular cancer (TC) affects men at a young age and has high survival rates. Most TCs are detected as palpable masses during self-examination (TSE) or physical examinations performed by General Practitioner (GP). The aim of the study was to discover the attitudes among Polish males regarding TSE and factors (environmental, social, educational) that affect intention to perform TSE. The mean age of the surveyed respondents was 32 years. Information about TC and how to perform TSE was obtained by 34.4% (n = 185) of the men. It was shown that the following factors increase men’s intention to perform TSE: TC in their family member (p < 0.05; HR = 5.9; 95% CI: 1.5–23.0), GP’s recommendations (p < 0.001; HR = 6.8; 95% CI: 3.2–14.3), concern expressed by their partner (p < 0.001; HR = 3.3; 95% CI: 2.1–5.3), and social campaigns (p < 0.001; HR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.5–4.6). Approximately half of young polish males do not perform TSE. Access to information on TC prevention is limited. Teaching TSE will result in these men taking increased responsibility for their own healthcare. Abstract Introduction: Epidemiological data indicate an increased incidence of testicular cancer (TC), making it the most common malignant tumor in men from aged 15–45. Oncological and urological associations recommend that men with specific TC risk factors should regularly perform a testicular self-exam (TSE). The aim of the study was to discover the attitudes among Polish males regarding TSE and factors (environmental, social, educational) that affect intention to perform TSE. Methods: An original survey containing 21 questions was used to conduct a study among the Polish branch of VW (Volkswagen Poland) employees. Results: A total of 522 fully completed questionnaires were collected. The mean age of the surveyed respondents was 32 years. Information about TC and how to perform TSE was obtained by 34.4% (n = 185) of the men. It was shown that the following factors increase men’s intention to perform TSE: TC in their family member (p < 0.05; HR = 5.9; 95% CI: 1.5–23.0), GP’s(General Practitioner) recommendations (p < 0.001; HR = 6.8; 95% CI: 3.2–14.3), concern expressed by their partner (p < 0.001; HR = 3.3; 95% CI: 2.1–5.3), and social campaigns (p < 0.001; HR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.5–4.6). Conclusions: Approximately half of young polish males do not perform TSE. Access to information on TC prevention is limited. Further action is needed to improve men’s awareness of TC and TSE.
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Saab MM, FitzGerald S, Noonan B, Kilty C, Collins A, Lyng Á, Kennedy U, O'Brien M, Hegarty J. Promoting lung cancer awareness, help-seeking and early detection: a systematic review of interventions. Health Promot Int 2021; 36:1656-1671. [PMID: 33647930 PMCID: PMC8699397 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer death. Barriers to the early presentation for LC include lack of symptom awareness, symptom misappraisal, poor relationship with doctors and lack of access to healthcare services. Addressing such barriers can help detect LC early. This systematic review describes the effect of recent interventions to improve LC awareness, help-seeking and early detection. This review was guided by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Electronic databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC, APA PsycARTICLES, APA PsycInfo and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection were searched. Sixteen studies were included. Knowledge of LC was successfully promoted in most studies using educational sessions and campaigns. LC screening uptake varied with most studies successfully reducing decision conflicts using decision aids. Large campaigns, including UK-based campaign 'Be Clear on Cancer', were instrumental in enhancing LC awareness, promoting help-seeking and yielding an increase in chest X-rays and a decrease in the number of individuals diagnosed with advanced LC. Multimodal public health interventions, such as educational campaigns are best suited to raise awareness, reduce barriers to help-seeking and help detect LC early. Future interventions ought to incorporate targeted information using educational resources, face-to-face counselling and video- and web-based decision aids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad M Saab
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Ireland T12 AK54
| | - Serena FitzGerald
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Ireland T12 AK54
| | - Brendan Noonan
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Ireland T12 AK54
| | - Caroline Kilty
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Ireland T12 AK54
| | - Abigail Collins
- National Cancer Control Programme, Health Service Executive, Ireland DO1 A3Y8
| | - Áine Lyng
- National Cancer Control Programme, Health Service Executive, Ireland DO1 A3Y8
| | - Una Kennedy
- National Cancer Control Programme, Health Service Executive, Ireland DO1 A3Y8
| | - Maidy O'Brien
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Ireland T12 AK54
| | - Josephine Hegarty
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Ireland T12 AK54
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Saab MM, Noonan B, Kilty C, FitzGerald S, Collins A, Lyng Á, Kennedy U, O'Brien M, Hegarty J. Awareness and help-seeking for early signs and symptoms of lung cancer: A qualitative study with high-risk individuals. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2020; 50:101880. [PMID: 33333451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2020.101880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lung cancer is the most common malignancy and the leading cause of cancer death globally. Lung cancer incidence and mortality are highest among socioeconomically deprived individuals. This study explored awareness and help-seeking for early signs and symptoms of lung cancer among high-risk individuals. METHODS Participation was sought from multiple community centres and organisations in high-incidence and socioeconomically deprived areas in Ireland. Semi-structured focus groups were conducted with individuals at risk for lung cancer. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Five focus groups were conducted with 46 participants. Two themes were identified: (i) lung cancer awareness, beliefs, and experiences and (ii) help-seeking for early signs and symptoms of lung cancer. Participants had fragmented knowledge of lung cancer and associated this malignancy with death. Symptom change, persistence, seriousness, and family history of lung cancer served as triggers to help-seeking. General practitioners were identified as the first point of contact for symptoms of concern, yet their presumed negative attitudes towards smokers served as barriers to help-seeking. Other barriers included symptom misappraisal, fear, denial, use of self-help measures, being inherently a non-help seeker, and machoism and stoicism among men. CONCLUSION Study findings offer guidance regarding lung cancer knowledge gaps and barriers to help-seeking that ought to be considered in public health interventions aimed to promote lung cancer awareness and early detection. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS This study highlights the need for healthcare professionals to adopt a non-judgmental approach during consults for symptoms indicative of lung cancer. This can potentially help detect lung cancer early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad M Saab
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Ireland.
| | - Brendan Noonan
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Caroline Kilty
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Serena FitzGerald
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Abigail Collins
- National Cancer Control Programme, Health Service Executive, Ireland
| | - Áine Lyng
- National Cancer Control Programme, Health Service Executive, Ireland
| | - Una Kennedy
- National Cancer Control Programme, Health Service Executive, Ireland
| | - Maidy O'Brien
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Josephine Hegarty
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Ireland
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Pietrzyk Ł, Denisow-Pietrzyk M, Czeczelewski M, Ślizień-Kuczapski K, Torres K. Cancer education matters: a report on testicular cancer knowledge, awareness, and self-examination practice among young Polish men. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20684. [PMID: 33244121 PMCID: PMC7693263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77734-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to assess the level of testicular cancer (TC) knowledge and awareness as well as the altitude and practice towards testicular self-examination (TSE) among Polish male high school and medical students. An original questionnaire survey was conducted in SE Poland with a representative sample of 1077 male students: 335 from high school and 742 medical students. The results indicate the knowledge about TC epidemiology and the awareness of risk factors responsible for the TC was low. The knowledge of the signs and symptoms of TC was significantly higher among the medical students, compared to the high school students. The level of education was associated with the awareness of methods for early detection and symptoms of TC. A satisfactory level of awareness of the TSE practice was exhibited only by the medical students. The main reason for not performing self-examination was the lack of knowledge and practical skills. The deficits of knowledge of TC in young men should motivate the education policy makers in Poland to implement education in the field of TC issues more widely in high schools. Moreover, cancer prevention modules and/or teaching methods should be improved in medical schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Pietrzyk
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland. .,Department of General, Oncological, and Minimally Invasive Surgery, 1st Military Clinical Hospital With the Outpatient Clinic in Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Marta Denisow-Pietrzyk
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Czeczelewski
- Students' Scientific Association of Medical Simulation, Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Konrad Ślizień-Kuczapski
- Students' Scientific Association of Medical Simulation, Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamil Torres
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Bresciani M, Boarin M, Facconi I, Manara DF, Villa G. Awareness of testicular cancer among young men: A literature review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGICAL NURSING 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijun.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bresciani
- Department of Abdominal‐Pelvic Surgery European Institute of Oncology Milan Italy
| | - Mattia Boarin
- Department of Urology San Raffaele Institute Milan Italy
| | - Ilaria Facconi
- Department of Orthopaedics San Raffaele Institute Milan Italy
| | - Duilio F. Manara
- School of Nursing Center for Nursing Research and Innovation, Università Vita‐Salute San Raffaele Milan Italy
| | - Giulia Villa
- Department of Urology San Raffaele Institute Milan Italy
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Momeni M, Rafii F. Help-seeking behaviour for cancer symptoms: an evolutionary concept analysis. Scand J Caring Sci 2019; 34:807-817. [PMID: 31749236 DOI: 10.1111/scs.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer survival largely depends on its early diagnosis. Therefore, assessing help-seeking behaviours among people with potential symptoms of cancer is essential. AIM This study aimed to analyse the concept of help-seeking behaviour for cancer symptoms. METHODS This concept analysis was conducted using Rodger's evolutionary method. An online literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases to find relevant articles published from 2000 to 2017 in English peer-reviewed journals. In total, ninety articles were included in the study. Through thematic analysis, the data were analysed for the definitions, attributes, antecedents and consequences of the concept of help-seeking behaviour for cancer symptoms. RESULTS The concept of help-seeking behaviour for cancer symptoms includes a chain of behaviours and is defined as the process of informed decision-making for seeking medical help and using healthcare services after the detection of the first potential cancer symptoms. The attributes of the concept of help-seeking behaviour for cancer symptoms include process, problem-centeredness, intentional action and interpersonal interaction. Antecedents of the concept of help-seeking behaviour for cancer symptoms were broadly categorised as its facilitators and barriers, among which old age, young age, marriage, low education level, positive family history of cancer, fear over cancer, low perceived threat, symptom disclosure to significant others are both facilitator and barrier. The consequences of the concept of help-seeking behaviour for cancer symptoms were also broadly categorised in the two main categories of positive consequences and adverse consequences. CONCLUSIONS Help-seeking behaviour is a multidimensional time-dependent and context-bound concept which is usually defined based on the concept of time in order to facilitate its measurement. It is generally used for assessing patients' delay in seeking medical help. The findings of this study provide better understanding about the concept of help-seeking behaviour for cancer symptoms and its implications for research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Momeni
- Nursing Care Research Center (NCRC), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Rafii
- Nursing Care Research Center (NCRC), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Saab MM, Landers M, Cooke E, Murphy D, Davoren M, Hegarty J. Enhancing Men's Awareness of Testicular Disorders Using a Virtual Reality Intervention: A Pre-Post Pilot Study. Nurs Res 2019; 67:349-358. [PMID: 30059354 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of benign and malignant testicular disorders is on the rise. Three literature reviews and one qualitative study found that men's awareness of testicular disorders was lacking, and their intentions to seek help for symptoms of testicular disease were low. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to enhance men's awareness of testicular disorders, help-seeking intentions for testicular symptoms, and intention and behavior to feel their testes. METHODS Men aged 18-50 years were recruited from a university and asked to engage in a three-level, educational, virtual reality experience. The Medical Research Council framework guided the development and pilot testing of the intervention. Knowledge, awareness, perceived risk, implementation intentions, help-seeking intentions, and behaviors were measured at pretest (T0), immediately posttest (T1), and 1 month posttest (T2). RESULTS Data were available from 49 participants. In comparison to T0, a significant increase in knowledge (mean difference [MD] = 3.5, 95% CI [2.8, 4.26]); testicular awareness (MD = 0.2, 95% CI [0.01, 0.41]); implementation intentions (MD = 0.6, 95% CI [0.33, 0.90]); and help-seeking intentions for testicular swelling (MD = 0.3, 95% CI [0.12, 0.51]), lumpiness (MD = 0.3, 95% CI [0.08, 0.46]), and pain (MD = 0.6, 95% CI [0.25, 1.01]) was noted at T1. This increase was maintained at T2. Participants who expressed an intention to feel their testes at T0 were more likely to report performing this behavior at T2. DISCUSSION The intervention succeeded in promoting knowledge, testicular awareness, implementation intentions, help-seeking intentions, and behaviors. A randomized controlled trial of the Enhancing Men's Awareness of Testicular Disorders intervention with a larger sample size is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad M Saab
- Mohamad M. Saab, PhD, MSc, BSc, RGN, is Lecturer, Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Ireland. Margaret Landers, PhD, MSc, BSc, RNT, RGN, is Lecturer, Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Ireland. Josephine Hegarty, PhD, MSc, BSc, RNT, RGN, is Professor, at Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Ireland. Eoghan Cooke, MSc, BA, is Interactive Media Professional, Department of Computer Science, University College Cork, Ireland. David Murphy, BMus, is Lecturer, Department of Computer Science, University College Cork, Ireland. Martin Davoren, PhD, MPH, BSc, is Adjunct Lecturer, School of Public Health, University College Cork, and Chief Executive Officer at The Sexual Health Centre, Cork, Ireland
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The Preconscious Awareness to Action Framework: An Application to Promote Testicular Awareness. Nurs Res 2019; 67:169-176. [PMID: 29489637 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health outcomes among men are markedly poorer than women. Testicular disorders can be life-threatening if left untreated. Few studies promoting awareness of testicular disorders have been underpinned by theory. Theory-based interventions are more likely to achieve positive health outcomes than interventions that lack a theoretical foundation. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study is to present a theory-focused analysis of the preconscious awareness to action framework (PAAF), developed to enhance testicular awareness and help-seeking intentions and behaviors among men. METHODS The following approach was used to develop the PAAF: The empirical literature on men's awareness of testicular disorders was reviewed. A qualitative study was conducted to explore men's awareness of testicular disorders, help-seeking intentions for testicular symptoms, and preferred learning strategies in relation to testicular disorders and symptoms. An iterative narrative review process of the theoretical literature on health promotion and symptom appraisal was undertaken. RESULTS The PAAF comprises seven steps: preconscious awareness, unconscious awareness, conscious awareness, unconscious appraisal, conscious appraisal, intention, and behavior. The concept of testicular awareness was developed to familiarize men with their own testes and promote timely help-seeking. DISCUSSION Researchers are encouraged to use the PAAF to design health-promoting interventions aimed at enhancing testicular awareness, symptom appraisal, and help-seeking.
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Jackman KB, Bosse JD, Eliason MJ, Hughes TL. Sexual and gender minority health research in nursing. Nurs Outlook 2019; 67:21-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Saab MM, Davoren MP, Murphy A, Murphy D, Cooke E, Landers M, Fitzgerald S, Richardson N, Rovito MJ, Von Wagner C, Murphy M, Dahly D, Hegarty J. Promoting men's awareness, self-examination, and help-seeking for testicular disorders: a systematic review of interventions. HRB Open Res 2018; 1:16. [PMID: 32002508 PMCID: PMC6973532 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.12837.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Testicular cancer (TC) is commonly diagnosed among men aged 15-40 years. The incidence of TC is on the rise. Benign testicular disorders such as testicular torsion and epididymitis can lead to testicular ischemia, sepsis, and infertility if left untreated. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of studies promoting men's knowledge and awareness of testicular disorders and/or self-examination, behaviours and/or intentions to examine their testes, and help-seeking behaviours and/or intentions for testicular symptoms. Methods: Academic Search Complete, Medline, CINAHL, PsychINFO, ERIC, the Cochrane Library, the World Health Organisation International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Clinicaltrials.gov, Grey Literature Report, and Open Grey were searched for studies published between November 2014 and April 2018. The methodological quality and level of evidence per outcome were assessed. Results: There were five papers included: two were experimental studies, two were systematic reviews, and one was an integrative review. The majority of the reviewed interventions were successful in increasing men's awareness of TC and self-examination. Examples include a television show featuring a celebrity with TC, a university campaign, and interactive educational sessions. The impact of the reviewed interventions on health beliefs (i.e. perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy) varied across the reviewed literature. Studies promoting help-seeking for testicular symptoms and awareness of benign testicular disorders were lacking. Conclusions: This review highlights the importance of evaluating educational interventions aimed at younger men, whilst raising their awareness of testicular disorders and increasing their help-seeking intentions for testicular symptoms. Given the lack of consensus around scheduled testicular self-examination among younger men, clinicians are encouraged to instruct men to familiarise themselves with the look and feel of their own testes and to seek timely medical attention for abnormalities. Registration: The review protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the registration number CRD42018093671.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad M. Saab
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Martin P. Davoren
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Sexual Health Centre, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aileen Murphy
- Department of Economics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - David Murphy
- School of Computer Science & Information Technology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eoghan Cooke
- Health Research Board Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Health Research Board National Clinical Trials Office, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Margaret Landers
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Serena Fitzgerald
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Noel Richardson
- Department of Science and Health, South East Technological University, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Michael J. Rovito
- College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Christian Von Wagner
- Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mike Murphy
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Darren Dahly
- Health Research Board Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Josephine Hegarty
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Saab MM, Davoren M, Murphy A, Murphy D, Cooke E, Landers M, Fitzgerald S, Richardson N, Rovito M, Von Wagner C, Murphy M, Dahly D, Hegarty J. Promoting men's awareness, self-examination, and help-seeking for testicular disorders: a systematic review of interventions. HRB Open Res 2018. [PMID: 32002508 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.12837.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Testicular cancer (TC) is commonly diagnosed among men aged 15-40 years. The incidence of TC is on the rise. Benign testicular disorders such as testicular torsion and epididymitis can lead to testicular ischemia, sepsis, and infertility if left untreated. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of studies promoting men's knowledge and awareness of testicular disorders and/or self-examination, behaviours and/or intentions to examine their testes, and help-seeking behaviours and/or intentions for testicular symptoms. Methods: Academic Search Complete, Medline, CINAHL, PsychINFO, ERIC, the Cochrane Library, the World Health Organisation International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Clinicaltrials.gov, Grey Literature Report, and Open Grey were searched for studies published between November 2014 and April 2018. The methodological quality and level of evidence per outcome were assessed. Results: There were five papers included: two were experimental studies, two were systematic reviews, and one was an integrative review. The majority of the reviewed interventions were successful in increasing men's awareness of TC and self-examination. Examples include a television show featuring a celebrity with TC, a university campaign, and interactive educational sessions. The impact of the reviewed interventions on health beliefs (i.e. perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy) varied across the reviewed literature. Studies promoting help-seeking for testicular symptoms and awareness of benign testicular disorders were lacking. Conclusions: This review highlights the importance of evaluating educational interventions aimed at younger men, whilst raising their awareness of testicular disorders and increasing their help-seeking intentions for testicular symptoms. Given the lack of consensus around scheduled testicular self-examination among younger men, clinicians are encouraged to instruct men to familiarise themselves with the look and feel of their own testes and to seek timely medical attention for abnormalities. Registration: The review protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the registration number CRD42018093671.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad M Saab
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Martin Davoren
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Sexual Health Centre, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aileen Murphy
- Department of Economics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - David Murphy
- Department of Computer Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eoghan Cooke
- Department of Computer Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Margaret Landers
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Serena Fitzgerald
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Noel Richardson
- Department of Science and Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Michael Rovito
- College of Health and Public Affairs, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Christian Von Wagner
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mike Murphy
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Darren Dahly
- Health Research Board Clinical Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Josephine Hegarty
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Harrell BR, Sasser JT. Sexual and gender minority health: Nursing’s overdue coming out. Int J Nurs Stud 2018; 79:A1-A4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Saab MM, Reidy M, Hegarty J, O'Mahony M, Murphy M, Von Wagner C, Drummond FJ. Men's information-seeking behavior regarding cancer risk and screening: A meta-narrative systematic review. Psychooncology 2017; 27:410-419. [PMID: 28728212 DOI: 10.1002/pon.4506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preventive strategies are known to reduce cancer risk and incidence and improve prognosis. Men seldom seek medical information about cancer prevention and risk reduction. The aim of this meta-narrative systematic review was to critically appraise evidence from qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies that explored men's information-seeking behaviors in relation to cancer prevention and risk reduction. METHODS MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Education Full Text, and ERIC were systematically searched for studies published in English between January 1, 2006 and May 30, 2016. A total of 4117 titles were identified; of which, 31 studies were included (21 qualitative studies, 9 quantitative studies, and 1 mixed-methods study). The methodological quality of the studies was appraised by using different tools. RESULTS Most studies focused on screening for prostate (n = 18) and colorectal cancer (n = 7). Most men were passive information-gatherers rather than active information-seekers. Key sources of information included the Internet for active information-seekers and health care professionals for passive information-gatherers. Barriers to information-seeking included information overload, embarrassment, and fear. Low literacy and health literacy levels were addressed in 3 studies and were identified as impediments to active information-seeking. Facilitators to information-seeking included family support, media, celebrity endorsements, and targeted information. CONCLUSIONS Men's information-seeking behavior regarding cancer risk reduction, prevention, and screening is influenced by several factors. This necessitates targeted interventions aimed at raising awareness of cancer prevention and screening, while accounting for men's informational needs, preferred learning strategies, and literacy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad M Saab
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mary Reidy
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Josephine Hegarty
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mairin O'Mahony
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mike Murphy
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Christian Von Wagner
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Frances J Drummond
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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