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Wu Y, Xin B, Wan Q, Ren Y, Jiang W. Risk factors and prediction models for cardiovascular complications of hypertension in older adults with machine learning: A cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27941. [PMID: 38509942 PMCID: PMC10950703 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension has emerged as a chronic disease prevalent worldwide that may cause severe cardiovascular complications, particularly in older patients. However, there is a paucity of studies that use risk factors and prediction models for cardiovascular complications associated with hypertension in older adults. Objectives To identify the risk factors and develop prediction models for cardiovascular complications among older patients with hypertension. Methods A convenience sample of 476 older patients with hypertension was recruited from a university-affiliated hospital in China. Demographic data, clinical physiological indicators, regulatory emotional self-efficacy, medication adherence, and lifestyle information were collected from participants. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to screen for preliminary risk factors associated with cardiovascular complications. Two machine learning methods, Back-Propagation neural network, and random forest were applied to develop prediction models for cardiovascular complications among the study cohort. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, receiver operating characteristic curve, and area under the curve (AUC) values were used to assess the performance of the prediction models. Results Binary logistic regression identified nine risk factors for cardiovascular complications among older patients with hypertension. The machine learning models displayed excellent performance in predicting cardiovascular complications, with the random forest model (AUC 0.954) outperforming the Back-Propagation neural network model (AUC 0.811), as confirmed by model comparison analysis. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the Back-Propagation neural network model compared to the random forest model were 74.2% vs. 86.5%, 75.2% vs. 94.3%, and 74.7% vs. 90.4%, respectively. Conclusion The machine learning methods employed in this study demonstrated feasibility in predicting cardiovascular complications among older patients with hypertension, with the random forest model based on nine risk factors exhibiting excellent prediction performance. These models could be used to identify high-risk populations and suggest early interventions aimed at preventing cardiovascular complications in such cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Wu
- School of Nursing, Health Science Center, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Bo Xin
- School of Nursing, Health Science Center, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Qiuyuan Wan
- School of Nursing, Health Science Center, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, China
| | - Yanping Ren
- Department of Geriatrics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Wenhui Jiang
- School of Nursing, Health Science Center, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
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Fenta ET, Ayal BG, Kidie AA, Anagaw TF, Mekonnen TS, Ketema Bogale E, Berihun S, Tsega TD, Mengistie Munie C, Talie Fenta T, Kassie Worku N, Shiferaw Gelaw S, Tiruneh MG. Barriers to Medication Adherence Among Patients with Non-Communicable Disease in North Wollo Zone Public Hospitals: Socio-Ecologic Perspective, 2023. Patient Prefer Adherence 2024; 18:733-744. [PMID: 38533490 PMCID: PMC10964781 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s452196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The practice of taking medication as directed by a healthcare provider is known as medication adherence. Therefore, the application of a socio-ecological model to this study identifies multilevel factors on barriers of medication adherence on chronic non-communicable disease and provides information to develop scientific health communication interventional strategies to improve medication adherence. Objective This study aimed to explore barriers of medication adherence on non-communicable disease prevention and care among patients in North Wollo Zone public hospitals, northeast Ethiopia. Methods A phenomenological study design was carried out between February 5 and February 30, 2023. The study participants were chosen using a heterogeneous purposive sampling technique. In-depth interviews and targeted focus groups were used to gather data. The focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were captured on audio, accurately transcribed, and translated into English. Atlas TI-7 was utilized to do the thematic analysis. Results Four main themes, intrapersonal, interpersonal, community level, and health care related, as well as seven subthemes, financial problems, lack of family support, poor communication with healthcare providers, effects of social ceremonies, remote healthcare facility, and drug scarcity, were identified by this study. In this study participants reported that lack of knowledge about the disease and drugs were the main barrier for medication adherence. The study revealed that financial problems for medication and transportation cost were the main factor for medication adherence for non-communicable disease patients. Conclusion This study explored that lack of knowledge, financial problem, lack of family support, poor communication with healthcare providers, social ceremony effects, remote healthcare facility, and scarcity of drugs were barriers of medication adherence among non-communicable disease patients. In order to reduce morbidity and mortality from non-communicable diseases, it is advised that all relevant bodies look for ways to reduce medication adherence barriers for patients at every level of influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eneyew Talie Fenta
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Birtukan Gizachew Ayal
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Atitegeb Abera Kidie
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Tadele Fentabil Anagaw
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Shumet Mekonnen
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Eyob Ketema Bogale
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Sileshi Berihun
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Degu Tsega
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | | | - Tizazu Talie Fenta
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Gamby Medical and Business College, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Nigus Kassie Worku
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Sintayehu Shiferaw Gelaw
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Misganaw Guadie Tiruneh
- Department of Health System and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Wang A, Wan J, Zhu L, Chang W, Wen L, Tao X, Jin Y. Frailty and medication adherence among older adult patients with hypertension: a moderated mediation model. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1283416. [PMID: 38115848 PMCID: PMC10728772 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1283416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Medication adherence has a critical impact on the well-being of older adult patients with hypertension. As such, the current study aimed to investigate the mediating role of health literacy between frailty and medication adherence and the moderating role of educational level. Methods This cross-sectional study included patients admitted to the geriatric unit of a hospital. Participants were interviewed using the four-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, the Frailty Phenotype Scale, and the Health Literacy Management Scale. Spearman's correlation coefficients were used to assess the association between variables. Mediation and moderated mediation analyses were performed using Process version 4.1 via Model 4 and 14, respectively. Results Data from 388 participants were analyzed. The median (IQR [P25-P75]) score for medication adherence was 4.00 (2.00-4.00). Results revealed that after controlling for age, sex, hypertension complication(s) and body mass index, frailty significantly contributed to medication adherence (βtotal -0.236 [95% confidence interval (CI) -0.333 to -0.140]). Medication adherence was influenced by frailty (βdirect -0.192 [95% CI -0.284 to -0.099]) both directly and indirectly through health literacy (βindirect -0.044 [95% CI -0.077 to -0.014]). Educational level moderated the pathway mediated by health literacy; more specifically, the conditional indirect effect between frailty and medication adherence was significant among older adult hypertensive patients with low, intermediate, and high educational levels (effect -0.052 [95% CI -0.092 to -0.106]; effect -0.041 [95% CI -0.071 to -0.012]; effect -0.026 [95% CI -0.051 to -0.006]). The relationship between frailty and medication adherence in older adult patients with hypertension was found to have mediating and moderating effects. Conclusion A moderated mediation model was proposed to investigate the effect of frailty on medication adherence. It was effective in strengthening medication adherence by improving health literacy and reducing frailty. More attention needs to be devoted to older adult patients with hypertension and low educational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshi Wang
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
- Institutes of Brain Science, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jingjing Wan
- Department of Nursing, Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu, China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Weiwei Chang
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Liying Wen
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xiubin Tao
- Nursing Department, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yuelong Jin
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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Zhang S, Du Y, Cai L, Chen M, Song Y, He L, Gong N, Lin Q. Obstacles to home-based dietary management for caregivers of children with citrin deficiency: a qualitative study. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:256. [PMID: 35804387 PMCID: PMC9264664 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary management is the most important and effective treatment for citrin deficiency, as well as a decisive factor in the clinical outcome of patients. However, the dietary management ability of caregivers of children with citrin deficiency is generally poor, especially in East Asia where carbohydrate-based diets are predominant. The aim of this study was to identify the difficulties that caregivers encounter in the process of home-based dietary management, and the reasons responsible for these challenges. Results A total of 26 caregivers of children with citrin deficiency were recruited, including 24 mothers, one father, and one grandmother. Grounded theory was employed to identify three themes (covering 12 sub-themes) related to the dilemma of dietary management: dietary management that is difficult to implement; conflicts with traditional concepts; and the notion that children are only a part of family life. The first theme describes the objective difficulties that caregivers encounter in the process of dietary management; the second theme describes the underlying reasons responsible for the non-adherent behavior of caregivers; the third theme further reveals the self-compromise by caregivers in the face of multiple difficulties. Conclusions This study reflects the adverse effects of multi-dimensional contradictions on the adherence of caregivers to dietary management. These findings reveal that the dietary management of citrin deficiency is not only a rational process, rather it is deeply embedded in family, social, and dietary traditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Zhang
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, 510632, Guangdong Prov., China
| | - Yun Du
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou City, 510630, Guangdong Prov., China
| | - Lingli Cai
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, 510632, Guangdong Prov., China
| | - Meixue Chen
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, 510632, Guangdong Prov., China
| | - Yuanzong Song
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou City, 510630, Guangdong Prov., China
| | - Lilan He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou City, 510630, Guangdong Prov., China
| | - Ni Gong
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, 510632, Guangdong Prov., China.
| | - Qingran Lin
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, 510632, Guangdong Prov., China. .,The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou City, 510630, Guangdong Prov., China.
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Majumdar U, Nanyonga Clarke R, Moran AE, Doupe P, Gadikota-Klumpers DD, Gidio A, Ssentamu D, Heller DJ. Hypertension screening, prevalence, treatment, and control at a large private hospital in Kampala, Uganda: A retrospective analysis. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000386. [PMID: 36962239 PMCID: PMC10021338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adult hypertension prevalence in Uganda is 27%, but only 8% are aware of their diagnosis, accordingly treatment and control levels are limited. The private sector provides at least half of care nationwide, but little is known about its effectiveness in hypertension control. We analyzed clinical data from 39 235 outpatient visits among 17 777 adult patients from July 2017 to August 2018 at Uganda's largest private hospital. We calculated blood pressure screening rate at every visit, and hypertension prevalence, medication treatment, and control rates among the 5 090 patients with two or more blood pressure checks who received any medications from the hospital's pharmacy. We defined hypertension in this group as 1) an average of two blood pressure measurements at separate consecutive visits, higher than 140 mm Hg systolic or 90 mm Hg diastolic, 2) receipt of any antihypertensive medication, or 3) the use of a hypertension electronic medical record code. We deemed hypertension control as normotensive at the most recent check. 12 821 (72.1%) of patients received at least 1 blood pressure check. Among the 5 090 patients above, 2 121 (41.6%) had hypertension (33.4% age-standardized to a world population standard): 1 915 (37.6%) with elevated blood pressure, and 170 (3.3%) were normotensive but receiving medication. 838 (39.4%) of patients with hypertension received medication at least once. Overall, 18.3% of patients achieved control (27% of treated patients, and 15% of untreated patients). Hypertension is common and incompletely controlled in this Ugandan private-sector population, suggesting several avenues for novel interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usnish Majumdar
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Arnhold Institute for Global Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Andrew E Moran
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Darinka D Gadikota-Klumpers
- Department of Medical Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Agaba Gidio
- Clarke International University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - David J Heller
- Arnhold Institute for Global Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
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