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Riga M, Koursoumi E, Kostopanagiotou GG, Matsota P. Unusual Presentation of Pneumocephalus With Late Onset During Labour Epidural Analgesia. Cureus 2023; 15:e39888. [PMID: 37404401 PMCID: PMC10315179 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A 36-year-old woman with no significant medical history was in active labour and requested labour analgesia. While the epidural technique was performed at the L4-L5 interspace, using the loss of resistance to air technique (LORA), inadvertent dural puncture occurred. Since the patient reported no headache or discomfort, the same procedure was repeated at the L3-L4 interspace successfully. Loss of resistance was reported at 3 cm and the epidural catheter was advanced uneventfully at 8 cm. Aspiration was negative for blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and a test dose of 2 ml lidocaine 2% was administered epidurally. Within five minutes the patient exhibited a mild hypotensive episode successfully treated with 2.5 mg ephedrine IV, a sensory blockade up to T6 level, and a motor blockade up to T10 level. Both the woman's and the baby's vital signs remained stable, no further drugs were administered epidurally and labour progressed painlessly and uncomplicated for 90 minutes with subsequent vaginal delivery of a healthy newborn. During the episiotomy incision repair, the patient complained of light dizziness and nausea. Her vital signs and the arterial blood gases (ABGs) ordered were within normal range, but the neurological examination revealed an isolated Babinski on the right foot. The head CT scan requested indicated a considerable quantity of air within the subarachnoid region. The patient was treated conservatively; symptoms showed steady improvement with total resolution on the sixth day, and the woman was discharged. This case reemphasizes the possibility of pneumocephalus, which may, in reality, occur more frequently than is commonly recognized without a CT confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Riga
- 2nd Department of Anesthesiology, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, GRC
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Evgenia Koursoumi
- 2nd Department of Anesthesiology, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, GRC
| | | | - Paraskevi Matsota
- 2nd Department of Anesthesiology, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, GRC
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC
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Salih HR, Jaafer H, Ismail M, Khallaf AK, Mohammed AJ, Al-Mosawy MSMJ, Naser HS, Maulood ZT, Hafedh AN, Hoz SS. Extensive tension pneumocephalus presented in the setting of a challenging etiology. Surg Neurol Int 2022; 13:570. [PMID: 36600732 PMCID: PMC9805630 DOI: 10.25259/sni_948_2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pneumocephalus (PNC) is a well-described consequence in postoperative settings and skull fractures that is usually self-limiting. It can get complicated into tension PNC on some rare occasions, leading to an intracranial mass effect. PNC was also reported after unintentional dural puncture throughout the epidural anesthesia process. However, tension PNC resulting from epidural anesthesia procedures is an extremely rare outcome that implies urgent intervention to relieve the tension within the brain. Here, we report a case of an extensive tension intraventricular PNC 2 days following an epidural anesthesia procedure for a femur fixation surgery. Case Description A 23-year-old male presented to the emergency department with basal skull fractures and a femur fracture due to a motorcycle accident. His skull base fracture was managed conservatively then he underwent a femur fixation procedure under epidural anesthesia. Two days after, he developed a severe headache with a disturbed level of consciousness. Computed tomography of the brain revealed an extensive PNC that involved all the subarachnoid spaces down to the cervical region and compressing the cerebellum, which was not found in the initial imaging. The patient's status improved after the twist-drill burr-hole evacuation of air under the water seal. Conclusion Extensive tension PNC can occur after traumatic brain injury, especially after epidural anesthesia. Such cases should gain high focus because they may differ from simple PNC regarding diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder R. Salih
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Huda Jaafer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Baghdad, College of Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mustafa Ismail
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Baghdad, College of Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali Kareem Khallaf
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | | | - Hawraa Sadiq Naser
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alameed, College of Medicine, Karbala, Iraq
| | | | - Anwar N. Hafedh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Samer S. Hoz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States.,Corresponding author: Samer S. Hoz, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States.
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Pneumocephalus in thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair after lumbar drain removal and blood patch. JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY CASES INNOVATIONS AND TECHNIQUES 2021; 7:478-480. [PMID: 34278087 PMCID: PMC8267490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvscit.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lumbar spinal drain use during thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair has reduced the incidence of ischemic spinal cord injury with relatively low risk. We report a case of pneumocephalus in a 55-year-old woman who had undergone open repair of a 6.7-cm type IV thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm. After lumbar spinal drain removal, she developed a postdural headache, which was subsequently treated with blood patch placement. After discharge, she had presented with transient headaches, perioral numbness, and left-hand weakness. Computed tomography revealed intraventricular gas within the lateral ventricles. Pneumocephalus is an exceedingly rare and potentially dangerous complication of lumbar spinal drains and blood patch placement.
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Koo J, Cho KT. Pneumocephalus and Chemical Meningitis after Inadvertent Dural Puncture during Lumbar Epidural Injection. Korean J Neurotrauma 2020; 16:67-72. [PMID: 32395453 PMCID: PMC7192798 DOI: 10.13004/kjnt.2020.16.e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inadvertent dural puncture (IDP) is one of the complications of lumbar epidural steroid injections (ESIs). We report a case in which pneumocephalus and chemical meningitis developed at the same time after an IDP during a lumbar interlaminar ESI. A 60-year-old woman presented to the emergency room with thunderclap headache and febrile sensation 3 hours after receiving a lumbar interlaminar ESI. Brain computed tomography (CT) scan showed multiple small foci of air within the subarachnoid space and ventricle. After the admission, the patient was afebrile and reported mild improvement of headache with analgesics. However, 2 days after the admission, headache worsened and fever recurred. Follow-up brain CT scan revealed resolution of the pneumocephalus. A diagnostic lumbar puncture for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination revealed the findings suggestive of aseptic (chemical) meningitis rather than bacterial meningitis. With symptomatic treatment, headache improved and there was no fever after 48 hours. No bacteria, Mycobacterium, or fungi grew in the CSF for 7 days. This case shows an IDP during a lumbar ESI can cause pneumocephalus and chemical meningitis at the same time and efforts should be made to reduce the risk of IDP during lumbar ESIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhwan Koo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Keun-Tae Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
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Pires AF, Mendes TM, Reis AA, Pacheco AF, Fagundes V, Mesquita M. Symptomatic Pneumocephalus as a Complication of Lumbar Epidural Anaesthesia. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2020; 7:001425. [PMID: 32133317 PMCID: PMC7050972 DOI: 10.12890/2020_001425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lumbar epidural anaesthesia is a commonly used technique for analgesia during labour. One of the rare complications of this technique is pneumocephalus. Case description We report the case of a 35-year-old female admitted to the Emergency Department with severe headache associated with fast head movements. Five days previously she had a eutocic delivery and lumbar epidural anaesthesia was performed. A brain computed tomography (CT) scan showed pneumocephalus and she was admitted to the hospital ward. A brain CT scan on the fourth day of hospitalization showed resolution of ventricular pneumocephalus. Discussion The most frequently occurring symptom with pneumocephalus is headache associated with fast brain motion resulting from air injection and meningeal irritation. When there is clinical suspicion of pneumocephalus, a brain CT scan should be performed for the diagnosis. LEARNING POINTS Pneumocephalus is the presence of air in the intracranial cavity and its development after spinal or epidural anaesthesia is extremely infrequent.Headache that occurs in the setting of lumbar epidural anaesthesia should not be labelled as post-dural puncture headache.The suspicion of pneumocephalus, based on the characteristics of the headache, should be maintained to obtain an emergent brain CT scan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Pires
- Serviço de Medicina Interna, Hospital Padre Américo, Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Teresa Martins Mendes
- Serviço de Medicina Interna, Hospital Padre Américo, Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Ana Areia Reis
- Serviço de Medicina Interna, Hospital Padre Américo, Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Ana Ferreira Pacheco
- Serviço de Medicina Interna, Hospital Padre Américo, Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Vítor Fagundes
- Serviço de Medicina Interna, Hospital Padre Américo, Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Mari Mesquita
- Serviço de Medicina Interna, Hospital Padre Américo, Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
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Shin H, Choi HJ, Kim C, Lee I, Oh J, Ko BS. Cardiac arrest associated with pneumorrhachis and pneumocephalus after epidural analgesia: two case reports. J Med Case Rep 2018; 12:387. [PMID: 30577855 PMCID: PMC6303906 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-018-1908-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidural analgesia has become a common procedure to provide excellent pain relief with few complications. Pneumorrhachis and pneumocephalus are rare complications of unintentional dural puncture and injection of air into the subarachnoid or subdural space. No cases of cardiac arrest associated with these complications have been reported in the literature previously. Case presentation We report cases of pneumorrhachis and pneumocephalus in two Korean women who previously visited a local pain clinic and underwent epidural analgesia. Thereafter, they were admitted to the emergency department with cardiac arrest. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed on these patients, and return of spontaneous circulation was achieved. The brain and spine computed tomographic scans showed pneumorrhachis and pneumocephalus, respectively. These cases demonstrate that pneumorrhachis and pneumocephalus may occur after epidural analgesia, which may be associated with cardiac arrest in patients. Conclusions If cardiac arrest occurs after epidural analgesia, pneumocephalus and pneumorrhachis should be considered as its cause. Although epidural analgesia is a common procedure, caution is warranted during this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungoo Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153 Gyeongchun-ro, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do, 11923, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Joong Choi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153 Gyeongchun-ro, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do, 11923, Republic of Korea.
| | - Changsun Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153 Gyeongchun-ro, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do, 11923, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhye Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153 Gyeongchun-ro, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do, 11923, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Oh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byuk Sung Ko
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Brogly N, Guasch E, Alsina E, García C, Puertas L, Dominguez A, Diez J, Gómez J, Gilsanz F. Epidural Space Identification With Loss of Resistance Technique for Epidural Analgesia During Labor. Anesth Analg 2018; 126:532-536. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000002593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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8
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Thunderclap headache secondary to pneumocephalus. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Reddi S, Honchar V, Robbins MS. Pneumocephalus associated with epidural and spinal anesthesia for labor. Neurol Clin Pract 2015; 5:376-382. [PMID: 29443169 DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000000178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Headache resulting from dural puncture in epidural and spinal anesthesia is usually secondary to a CSF leak. Pneumocephalus may also occur in this setting but has not been well-characterized. Although the risk factors for a CSF leak and pneumocephalus may overlap, their rates, clinical features, and treatments may be different. Our retrospective review of 182 patients with acute headache in the antepartum, peripartum, and postpartum settings yielded a 5:1 ratio of postdural puncture headache to pneumocephalus. The 3 patients with pneumocephalus had the defining characteristic of thunderclap headache during anesthesia. Early diagnosis is helpful as treatment with supplemental oxygen may hasten recovery. Pneumocephalus should be considered as a possible etiology of thunderclap headache in the setting of epidural and spinal anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudama Reddi
- Department of Neurology & Neurotherapeutics (SR), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurology (VH, MSR), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; and Montefiore Headache Center (MSR), Bronx, NY
| | - Valentyna Honchar
- Department of Neurology & Neurotherapeutics (SR), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurology (VH, MSR), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; and Montefiore Headache Center (MSR), Bronx, NY
| | - Matthew S Robbins
- Department of Neurology & Neurotherapeutics (SR), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurology (VH, MSR), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; and Montefiore Headache Center (MSR), Bronx, NY
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10
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Arenaza-Basterrechea N, Iglesias Díez F, López Sarnago P. Thunderclap headache secondary to pneumocephalus. Neurologia 2015; 32:132-133. [PMID: 26059808 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - F Iglesias Díez
- Sección de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, España
| | - P López Sarnago
- Sección de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, España
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11
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Hsieh XX, Hsieh SW, Lu CH, Wu ZF, Ju DT, Huh B, Wang JC, Kuo CY. A rare case of pneumocephalus and pneumorrhachis after epidural anesthesia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 53:47-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aat.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Abstract
Lumbar epidural anesthesia is commonly used for labor analgesia. The 'loss-of- resistance' to air technique (LORA) is generally employed for recognition of the epidural space. One of the rare complications of this technique is pneumocephalus (PC). Here we describe the case of a parturient who developed a frontal headache when locating the epidural space using LORA. On the second day after epidural injection, the patient exhibited occipital headaches with gradual worsening. Computed tomography scans of the brain indicated PC. Following symptomatic treatment, our patient was discharged on the 13th day. We concluded that the amount of air used to identify the epidural space in LORA should be minimized, LORA should not be used after dural puncture and the use of saline avoids PC complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Nistal-Nuño
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, 15006, Spain
| | - Manuel Ángel Gómez-Ríos
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, 15006, Spain
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Güzel M, Salt O, Erenler AK, Baydın A, Demir MT, Yalcin A, Doganay Z. Subarachnoid hemorrhage and pneumocephalus due to epidural anesthesia. Am J Emerg Med 2014; 32:945.e5-7. [PMID: 24581883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2014.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Güzel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Omer Salt
- Depatment of Emergency Medicine, Yozgat State Hospital, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Ali K Erenler
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Baydın
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mehmet T Demir
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Anil Yalcin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Zahide Doganay
- Department of Reanimation, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
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15
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Simmons J, Luks AM. Tension Pneumocephalus: An Uncommon Cause of Altered Mental Status. J Emerg Med 2013; 44:340-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Lim HY, Choi JW, Lee AR, Park HW, Choi DH. Pneumocephalus during labor analgesia using the combined spinal-epidural technique. Korean J Anesthesiol 2013; 65:S93-4. [PMID: 24478890 PMCID: PMC3903878 DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2013.65.6s.s93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Young Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Won Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Daejin Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ae Ryoung Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Won Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duck Hwan Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim YD, Lee JH, Cheong YK. Pneumocephalus in a patient with no cerebrospinal fluid leakage after lumbar epidural block - a case report -. Korean J Pain 2012; 25:262-6. [PMID: 23091688 PMCID: PMC3468804 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2012.25.4.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Several complications are possible after a lumbar epidural block. However pneumocephalus are rare. In this case, we report a case of pneumocephalus. A 68-year-old male patient received lumbar epidural block with the loss of resistance technique using air, and after 35 minutes, apnea, unconsciousness, hypotension, and bradycardia occurred. Immediately, brain CT was done, and we found pneumocephalus. The patient complained of severe occipital headache and itchiness due to pneumocehalus. After conservative treatment, the patient recovered without neurologic complications, and on the seventh day of his hospitalization, he was discharged from the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Dong Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
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18
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Gómez-Ríos MA, Nieto Serradilla L. [Comments on the letter "Pneumocephalus as a complication of accidental spinal puncture during epidural anesthesia"]. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ANESTESIOLOGIA Y REANIMACION 2010; 57:603-604. [PMID: 21155344 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-9356(10)70290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Lomax S, Qureshi A. Unusually early onset of post-dural puncture headache after spinal anaesthesia using a 27G Whittacre needle. Br J Anaesth 2008; 100:707-8. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aen039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Lee SS, Lee SG, Min BW, Ban JS, Lee JH, Kim EJ. Pneumocephalus after an autologous blood patch procedure to treat a postdural puncture headache - A case report -. Korean J Anesthesiol 2008. [DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2008.55.3.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Soo Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang Gon Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Byung Woo Min
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jong Suk Ban
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji Hyang Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
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Pneumocephalus and Headache After Epidural Analgesia: Should We Really Still Be Using Air? Anesth Analg 2007. [DOI: 10.1213/01.ane.0000291292.69696.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Nafiu OO, Bullough AS. Pneumocephalus and headache after epidural analgesia: should we really still be using air? Anesth Analg 2007; 105:1172-3; author reply 1173. [PMID: 17898416 DOI: 10.1213/01.ane.0000278619.58392.f3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Nafiu O, Urquhart J. In reply. Int J Obstet Anesth 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2006.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kuczkowski KM. Saline or air? Int J Obstet Anesth 2007; 16:188; author reply 188-9. [PMID: 17289374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2006.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2006] [Accepted: 10/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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