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Thomas CL, Montes M, Malik T, Sandeep Ram B, Smith CL, Scavone BM, Cole NM. A Case Report of Fluoroscopically Guided Epidural Catheter Placement in a Parturient with History of Tethered Cord, Super-Morbid Obesity, and Risk for Difficult Airway. A A Pract 2024; 18:e01777. [PMID: 38587314 DOI: 10.1213/xaa.0000000000001777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Tethered cord syndrome results from adherence of the conus medullaris to the sacrum and may be associated with high complication rates from neuraxial anesthesia. We present the case of a 32-year-old gravida 2 para 0 patient with a history of lipomyelomeningocele (one of several types of spina bifida) and tethered cord status post repair, residual low-lying conus medullaris, supermorbid obesity (body mass index of 58), and Mallampati IV airway, who underwent successful fluoroscopically guided epidural catheter placement for vaginal delivery. Risks and benefits of epidural catheter utilization and methods of placement are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline L Thomas
- From the Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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2
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Doi M, Sakurai Y, Sakamaki D, Tanaka S, Katori N, Uezono S. Ultrasonographic images of spina bifida before obstetric anesthesia: a case series. BMC Anesthesiol 2023; 23:134. [PMID: 37095440 PMCID: PMC10123987 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-023-02101-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spina bifida is a relatively common congenital malformation. As the functional prognosis of patients with spina bifida has improved over time, the number of cases resulting in pregnancy and delivery has increased. Lumbar ultrasonography has become a standard and helpful technique before neuraxial anesthesia. We believe that it might be valuable if we use lumbar ultrasonography to evaluate pregnant women with spina bifida before obstetric anesthesia. CASE PRESENTATION We performed lumbar ultrasonography to evaluate four pregnant women with spina bifida. Patient 1 had no history of surgery. Lumbar radiography before pregnancy showed a bone defect from L5 to the sacrum as a result of incomplete fusion. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a spinal lipoma and a bone defect of the sacrum. Lumbar ultrasonography showed similar findings. We performed general anesthesia for emergency cesarean delivery. Patient 2 underwent surgical repair immediately after birth. Lumbar ultrasonography showed the same bone defect as well as a lipoma beyond the bone defect. We performed general anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Patient 3 had vesicorectal disorders but no prior surgery. Lumbar radiography before pregnancy showed congenital abnormalities such as incomplete fusion, scoliosis, rotation, and a notably small sacrum. Lumbar ultrasonography showed the same bone defect. We performed general anesthesia for cesarean section with no complications. Patient 4 complained of lumbago a few years after her first delivery and received a diagnosis of spina bifida occulta by lumbar radiography, with the incomplete fusion of only the 5th vertebra. Lumbar ultrasonography indicated the same abnormalities. We placed an epidural catheter to avoid the bone abnormality and achieved epidural labor analgesia with no complications. CONCLUSIONS Lumbar ultrasonography shows anatomic structures easily, safely, and consistently, without X-ray exposure or the need for more expensive modalities. It is a helpful technique to explore anatomic structures potentially complicated by spina bifida before anesthetic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Doi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Sakurai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Sakamaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Soichiro Tanaka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Katori
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Shoichi Uezono
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
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Sciscent BY, Bhanja D, Daggubati LC, Ryan C, Hallan DR, Rizk EB. Pregnancy in spina bifida patients: a comparative analysis of peripartum procedures and complications. Childs Nerv Syst 2023; 39:625-632. [PMID: 36278978 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-022-05705-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Spina bifida (SB) is caused by a failure in neural tube closure that can present with lower extremity sensory deficits, paralysis, and hydrocephalus. Medical advances have allowed increased pregnancies among SB patients, but management and pregnancy-associated complications have not been thoroughly investigated. The objective is to delineate peripartum procedures and complications in patients with SB. METHODS A national de-identified database, TriNetX, was retrospectively queried to evaluate pregnant SB patients and the general population. Procedures and complications were investigated using corresponding ICD-10 and CPT codes within 1 year of pregnancy diagnosis. RESULTS 11,405 SB patients were identified and compared to 9,269,084 non-SB patients. SB patients were significantly more likely to undergo cesarean delivery (1.200; 95% CI [1.133-1.271]) and less likely to receive neuraxial analgesia (0.406; 95% CI [0.383-0.431]). Additionally, patients with SB had an increased risk of seizures (3.922; 95% CI [3.529-4.360]) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) (3.490; 95% CI [3.070-3.969]). Risks of preeclampsia and hemorrhage were comparable. SB patients with hydrocephalus and Chiari malformation type 1 (CM-1) or type 2 (CM-2) were compared to patients without these comorbid conditions. This sub-group analysis showed a significantly increased risk of having cesarean deliveries (SB with hydrocephalus: 12.55%, S.B. with CM-1 or CM-2: 12.81% vs. SB without hydrocephalus or CM, 6.16%) and VTE (3.74%, 2.43% vs. 0.81%). There were also increased risks of hemorrhage and seizures and decreased use of neuraxial analgesia, but the sample size was insufficient. CONCLUSION SB patients were more likely to undergo cesarean section and exhibit peripartum complications compared to those without SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Y Sciscent
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Health, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
- Penn State College of Medicine, 700 HMC Crescent Rd, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Debarati Bhanja
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Health, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
- Penn State College of Medicine, 700 HMC Crescent Rd, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | | | - Casey Ryan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Health, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - David R Hallan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Health, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Elias B Rizk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Health, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
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Scher EA, Ayad S. Complicated Neuraxial Anesthesia in a Patient With Tethered Spinal Cord. Cureus 2021; 13:e18705. [PMID: 34790461 PMCID: PMC8584202 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal anesthesia is a common anesthetic used in many surgical procedures. Anatomical variations and diseases make this procedure require extra considerations. Extra care should be taken into consideration in the pre-anesthesia evaluation when neuraxial anesthesia is planned. We present the case of a patient undergoing cesarean section for the arrest of labor, who had a complicated labor course due to unrecognized history of a tethered spinal cord leading to inadequate analgesia, requiring replacement of epidural analgesia and spinal anesthesia. Ultimately, the decision was made to proceed with general anesthesia due to the patient’s discomfort. Exhaustive chart review after surgery showed a past MRI with evidence of a tethered spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabry Ayad
- Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA.,Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA.,Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic Fairview Hospital, Cleveland, USA
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Pak A, Abrahams E. Epidural Placement in a Patient With a Type 2 Split Cord Malformation in the Interventional Pain Management Setting: A Case Report. A A Pract 2021; 15:e01513. [PMID: 34428774 DOI: 10.1213/xaa.0000000000001513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Split cord malformations are rare spinal dysraphisms in which 2 separate spinal cords are present. Despite its diagnosis in all age groups, split cord malformations are not well described. The clinical presentation and symptom severity are highly variable. Anesthesiologists may encounter patients with known or unknown split cord malformations without much information to guide clinical decision-making and procedural risks of neuraxial anesthesia. This is the first case to the authors' knowledge of utilizing a caudal epidural injection for pain management in a patient with a diagnosed split cord malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Pak
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Metodiev Y, Braveman F. Anaesthesia and neurological disorders in pregnancy. BJA Educ 2021; 21:210-217. [PMID: 34026274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjae.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y Metodiev
- Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - F Braveman
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Berndl A, Ladhani N, Wilson RD, Basso M, Jung E, Tarasoff LA, Angle P, Soliman N. Directive clinique no 416 : Soins pendant l'accouchement et la période post-partum chez les personnes ayant un handicap physique. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2021; 43:781-794.e1. [PMID: 33621681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2021.02.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Berndl A, Ladhani N, Wilson RD, Basso M, Jung E, Tarasoff LA, Angle P, Soliman N. Guideline No. 416: Labour, Delivery, and Postpartum Care for People with Physical Disabilities. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2021; 43:769-780.e1. [PMID: 33631321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2021.02.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe evidence-based practice for managing the labour, delivery, and postpartum care of people with physical disabilities in Canada. TARGET POPULATION This guideline addresses the needs of people with physical disabilities, with a focus on conditions that affect strength and mobility, as well as those that affect neurological or musculoskeletal function or structure. Although aspects of this guideline may apply to people with solely intellectual, developmental, or sensory disabilities (e.g., hearing and vision loss), the needs of this population are beyond the scope of this guideline. OUTCOMES Safe and compassionate care for people with physical disabilities who are giving birth. BENEFITS, HARMS, AND COSTS Implementation of this guideline will improve health care provider awareness of specific complications people with physical disabilities may experience during labour, delivery, and the postpartum period and therefore increase the likelihood of a safe birth. EVIDENCE A literature review was conducted using MEDLINE (474), Embase (36), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 28) databases. The results have been filtered for English language, publication date of 2013 to present, observational studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and guidelines and references in these publications were also reviewed. VALIDATION METHODS The authors rated the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. See online Appendix A (Tables A1 for definitions and A2 for interpretations of strong and weak recommendations). INTENDED AUDIENCE Maternal-fetal medicine specialists, obstetricians, family physicians, nurses, midwives, neurologists, physiatrists, and those who care for people with physical disabilities. RECOMMENDATIONS
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D′souza N, Karachiwala T, Kulkarni P. Ultrasonography in aid of spinal anaesthesia in lumbar lipomas not infallible. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC ANAESTHESIA AND CRITICAL CARE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/joacc.joacc_40_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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10
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Walsh E, Zhang Y, Madden H, Lehrich J, Leffert L. Pragmatic approach to neuraxial anesthesia in obstetric patients with disorders of the vertebral column, spinal cord and neuromuscular system. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2020; 46:258-267. [PMID: 33115718 DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2020-101792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Neuraxial anesthesia provides optimal labor analgesia and cesarean delivery anesthesia. Obstetric patients with disorders of the vertebral column, spinal cord and neuromuscular system present unique challenges to the anesthesiologist. Potential concerns include mechanical interference, patient injury and the need for imaging. Unfortunately, the existing literature regarding neuraxial anesthesia in these patients is largely limited to case series and rare retrospective studies. The lack of practice guidance may lead to unwarranted fear of patient harm and subsequent avoidance of neuraxial anesthesia for cesarean delivery or neuraxial analgesia for labor, with additional risks of exposure to general anesthesia. In this narrative review, we use available evidence to recommend a framework when considering neuraxial anesthesia for an obstetrical patient with neuraxial pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Walsh
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hannah Madden
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James Lehrich
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa Leffert
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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11
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Guideline for the management of pre-, intra-, and postpartum care of women with a spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2019; 58:449-458. [PMID: 31811245 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-019-0389-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The German Association of the Scientific Medical Societies guideline for pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium in women with a spinal cord injury (SCI) addresses a range of topics from the desire to have a child to different stages of pregnancy and birth. Given that a generally accessible and evidence-based presentation of this complex issue does not yet exist, this new guideline contributes to the standardization of gynecological, obstetric, and maternal care of women with SCI. This guideline aims to provide practice-oriented support for the care and counseling of women in the pre-, intra-, and postpartum periods; to close identified gaps in medical care; foster collaboration among clinicians of relevant disciplines; and inspire research.
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Katz R, McCaul CL. Anaesthetic management for caesarean section of a parturient with a known difficult airway and closed spinal dysraphism. Int J Obstet Anesth 2018; 38:137-142. [PMID: 30415798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Many anaesthetists consider patients with existing neurological deficits, untreated spinal pathology or those having undergone major spinal intervention to be precluded from undergoing neuraxial anaesthesia. While this is partly rooted in fears of litigation there is also a lack of consensus of the best practice in the anaesthetic management of these patients. We present our management of a parturient who attended our institution, having a number of anaesthetic complexities including a known difficult airway, spinal fusion and persistent spinal cord tethering. She successfully underwent delivery under neuraxial blockade for the delivery of her fourth child. We believe that by undergoing a thorough multidisciplinary clinical evaluation, including the extensive use of neuroimaging and ultrasound, it may be possible to plan and perform safe neuraxial anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Katz
- Department of Anaesthesia, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - C L McCaul
- Department of Anaesthesia, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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13
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O’Neal MA. A Pregnant Woman with Spina Bifida: Need for a Multidisciplinary Labor Plan. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:172. [PMID: 29082228 PMCID: PMC5645511 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with spina bifida present both obstetrical and anesthesia challenges. They are more likely to require a caesarian delivery and traditionally neuraxial anesthesia has been avoided due to concerns of worsening neurologic disability. The case of a pregnant woman with a history of a surgically corrected lipomeningocele and tethered cord is presented to illustrate the need for a comprehensive labor plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Angela O’Neal
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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14
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Greenaway S, George M, Thompson D. Should children with repaired open spinal dysraphisms have central neuraxial block? Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2017; 78:478. [PMID: 28783404 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2017.78.8.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Greenaway
- Anaesthetic Registrar, Department of Anaesthetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital For Children NHS Trust, London WC1N 3JH
| | - Marina George
- Consultant Anaesthetist, Great Ormond Street Hospital For Children NHS Trust, London
| | - Dominic Thompson
- Consultant Neurosurgeon, Great Ormond Street Hospital For Children NHS Trust, London
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Long-Bellil L, Mitra M, Iezzoni LI, Smeltzer SC, Smith LD. Experiences and unmet needs of women with physical disabilities for pain relief during labor and delivery. Disabil Health J 2017; 10:440-444. [PMID: 28428112 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childbirth is widely acknowledged as one of the most painful experiences most women will undergo in their lifetimes. Alleviating labor and delivery pain for women with physical disabilities can involve an additional level of complexity beyond that experienced by most women, but little research has explored their experiences. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of women with physical disabilities with respect to pain relief during labor and delivery with the goal of informing their care. METHODS Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with twenty-five women with physical disabilities from across the United States. RESULTS Women expressed specific preferences for the method of pain relief. Some confronted systemic barriers in exploring their options for pain relief, while others were given a choice. At times, anesthesiologists lacked knowledge and experience in caring for women with disabilities. Conversely, some women described how the administration of anesthesia was meticulously planned and attributed their positive labor and delivery experiences to this careful planning. CONCLUSIONS Advanced, individualized planning and evaluation of their options for pain relief was most satisfying to women and enabled them to make an informed choice. This approach is consistent with the recommendations of clinicians who have successfully provided pain relief during labor to women with complex physical disabilities. Clinicians who have successfully delivered babies of women with these and similar disabilities emphasize the importance of a team approach where the anesthesiologist and other specialists are involved early on in a woman's care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Long-Bellil
- Center for Health Policy and Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 333 South Street, Shrewsbury, MA, 01545, United States.
| | - Monika Mitra
- Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA, 02453, United States.
| | - Lisa I Iezzoni
- Harvard Medical School, The Mongan Institute for Health Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford Street, Room 901B, Boston, MA, 02114, United States.
| | - Suzanne C Smeltzer
- Center for Nursing Research, Villanova University College of Nursing, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA, 190895, United States.
| | - Lauren D Smith
- The Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA, 02453, United States.
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