Effects of the placement of endosseous implants in vascularized bone grafts on bone union in beagle dogs

Effects of biomechanical properties of the bone-implant interface on dental implant stability: from in silico approaches to the patient's mouth

Dental implants have become a routinely used technique in dentistry for replacing teeth. However, risks of failure are still experienced and remain difficult to anticipate. Multiscale phenomena occurring around the implant interface determine the implant outcome. The aim of this review is to provide an understanding of the biomechanical behavior of the interface between a dental implant and the region of bone adjacent to it (the bone-implant interface) as a function of the interface's environment. First, we describe the determinants of implant stability in relation to the different multiscale simulation approaches used to model the evolution of the bone-implant interface. Then, we review the various aspects of osseointegration in relation to implant stability. Next, we describe the different approaches used in the literature to measure implant stability in vitro and in vivo. Last, we review various factors affecting the evolution of the bone-implant interface properties.

Systematic review of pre-clinical models assessing implant integration in locally compromised sites and/or systemically compromised animals

OBJECTIVE

The aim was to systematically search the dental literature for pre-clinical models assessing implant integration in locally compromised sites (part 1) and systemically compromised animals (part 2), and to evaluate the quality of reporting of included publications.

METHODS

A Medline search (1966-2011) was performed, complimented by additional hand searching. The quality of reporting of the included publications was evaluated using the 20 items of the ARRIVE (Animals in Research In Vivo Experiments) guidelines.

RESULTS

One-hundred and seventy-six (part 1; mean ARRIVE score = 15.6 ± 2.4) and 104 (part 2; 16.2 ± 1.9) studies met the inclusion criteria. The overall mean score for all included studies amounted to 15.8 ± 2.2. Housing (38.3%), allocation of animals (37.9%), numbers analysed (50%) and adverse events (51.4%) of the ARRIVE guidelines were the least reported. Statistically significant differences in mean ARRIVE scores were found depending on the publication date (p < 0.05), with the highest score of 16.7 ± 1.6 for studies published within the last 2 years.

CONCLUSIONS

A large number of studies met the inclusion criteria. The ARRIVE scores revealed heterogeneity and missing information for selected items in more than 50% of the publications. The quality of reporting shifted towards better-reported pre-clinical trials within recent years.

High Age at the Time of Implant Installation is Correlated with Increased Loss of Osseointegrated Implants in the Temporal Bone

BACKGROUND

The implant failure rate in temporal bone has been reported to be about 5 to 10% over a 10-year period. A number of our elderly patients have shown increased failure rates over a long time period, which is the reason for the present study.

PURPOSE

The aim of the present study was to find out if age is correlated with implant failure and to measure blood flow in implant sites.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The long-time survival of 131 osseointegrated implants installed in the temporal bones of 81 patients was correlated with the age of the patient at the time of installation. The blood flow in 37 fixture installation sites in 22 patients was recorded by means of laser Doppler flowmetry.

RESULTS

The mean implant failure rate in the study group was 9.8% after a mean follow-up time of 7.6 years. There was a significant increase of implant failure in patients above 60 years of age. There was further a trend that implants used for the bone-anchored hearing aid were lost to a higher proportion than implants used for bone-anchored episthesis. There was also a trend that female patients lost fewer implants than males. Blood flow in the temporal bone correlated well with the age of the patient in that the highest values were recorded from the youngest patients.

CONCLUSIONS

Increasing age affects failures of osseointegrated implants in the temporal bone. Blood flow is higher in the child's temporal bone, a factor that can be of importance to understand why age influences implant survival.