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Luo Y, Zhao M, Lu J. Accuracy of Smartphone-Based Three-Dimensional Facial Scanning System: A Systematic Review. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024:10.1007/s00266-024-04121-y. [PMID: 38831068 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-024-04121-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the integration of 3D face scanning into smartphones has raised vast interest in plastic surgery. With the release of smartphones featuring 3D face scanning technology, users now can capture detailed 3D models of their faces using their smartphones. However, trueness and precision of this system is less well established. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for studies evaluating 3D scanning of smartphone devices and conventional 3D imaging systems from January 1, 2017, to June 1, 2023. A qualitative systematic review was conducted by two review authors after independently selecting studies, extracting data, and assessing the risk of bias of included studies. RESULTS A total of 11 studies were included, all focusing on the accuracy of smartphone 3D facial scanning. The results show that although smartphones perform poorly on deep and irregular surfaces, they are accurate enough for clinical applications and have the advantage of being economical and portable. CONCLUSIONS Smartphone-based 3D facial scanning has been basically validated for clinical application, showing broad clinical application prospects in plastic surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Luo
- Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery Department, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No. 33 Ba-Da-Chu Road, Shi-Jing-Shan District, Beijing, 100144, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Minghao Zhao
- Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery Department, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No. 33 Ba-Da-Chu Road, Shi-Jing-Shan District, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Jianjian Lu
- Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery Department, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No. 33 Ba-Da-Chu Road, Shi-Jing-Shan District, Beijing, 100144, China.
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Singh P, Hsung RTC, Ajmera DH, Leung YY, McGrath C, Gu M. Can smartphones be used for routine dental clinical application? A validation study for using smartphone-generated 3D facial images. J Dent 2023; 139:104775. [PMID: 37944629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the accuracy of smartphone-generated three-dimensional (3D) facial images to that of direct anthropometry (DA) and 3dMD with the aim of assessing the validity and reliability of smartphone-generated 3D facial images for routine clinical applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five anthropometric soft-tissue facial landmarks were labelled manually on 22 orthognathic surgery patients (11 males and 11 females; mean age 26.2 ± 5.3 years). For each labelled face, two imaging operations were performed using two different surface imaging systems: 3dMDface and Bellus3D FaceApp. Next, 42 inter-landmark facial measurements amongst the identified facial landmarks were measured directly on each labelled face and also digitally on 3D facial images. The measurements obtained from smartphone-generated 3D facial images (SGI) were statistically compared with those from DA and 3dMD. RESULTS SGI had slightly higher measurement values than DA and 3dMD, but there was no statistically significant difference between the mean values of inter-landmark measures across the three methods. Clinically acceptable differences (≤3 mm or ≤5°) were observed for 67 % and 74 % of measurements with good agreement between DA and SGI, and 3dMD and SGI, respectively. An overall small systematic bias of ± 0.2 mm was observed between the three methods. Furthermore, the mean absolute difference between DA and SGI methods was highest for linear (1.41 ± 0.33 mm) as well as angular measurements (3.07 ± 0.73°). CONCLUSIONS SGI demonstrated fair trueness compared to DA and 3dMD. The central region and flat areas of the face in SGI are more accurate. Despite this, SGI have limited clinical application, and the panfacial accuracy of the SGI would be more desirable from a clinical application standpoint. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The usage of SGI in clinical practice for region-specific macro-proportional facial assessment involving central and flat regions of the face or for patient education purposes, which does not require accuracy within 3 mm and 5° can be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Singh
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Richard Tai-Chiu Hsung
- Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Chu Hai College, Hong Kong SAR, China; Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Deepal Haresh Ajmera
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yiu Yan Leung
- Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Colman McGrath
- Discipline of Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Min Gu
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Bertazzo TL, D'Ornellas MC. Protocol for capturing 3D facial meshes for rhinoseptoplasty planning. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 89:101289. [PMID: 37467657 PMCID: PMC10372377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2023.101289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To present and execute a protocol for the capture of 3D facial images using photogrammetry through the open access software Blender and its add-on OrtogOnBlender (OOB) and to evaluate the compatibility of the 3D meshes generated with Computed tomography (CT) of the sinuses. METHODS Individuals >18 years old, candidates for Rhinoseptoplasty in a tertiary hospital, were submitted to a photographic session to perform the standardized protocol. In the session, divided into 3 phases, sequential photos were taken for processing the photogrammetry in the OOB and producing 3D meshes of the face. The photogrammetry reconstructions were compared with the reference mesh of the soft tissue surface of the Sinus CT scan to assess compatibility between them. RESULTS 21 patients were included, 67% female. 3 photogrammetry meshes and 1 CT reference mesh were generated, which demonstrated matching compatibility, as most of the mean distances between cloud points were <1.48 mm. Phase 3 of the session with the highest number of photos (54.36 ± 15.05) generated the most satisfactory mesh with the best resolution. CONCLUSIONS The proposed protocol is reproducible and feasible in clinical practice, generated satisfactory 3D meshes of the face, being a potential tool for surgical planning and comparison of results. For the implementation of photogrammetry for use in 3D anthropometry, it is necessary to validate this method. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 OCEBM Levels of Evidence Working Group.1 "The Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence". Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. http://www.cebm.net/index.aspx?o=5653.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taíse Leitemperger Bertazzo
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Programa de Pós-Graduação Mestrado Profissional em Ciências da Saúde, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Cordeiro D'Ornellas
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Departamento de Computação Aplicada, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Application of 3D Imaging-Assisted Precise Aesthetic Evaluation in Midfacial Depression Treatment. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2022; 46:2799-2806. [PMID: 35475937 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-022-02867-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Most Chinese have unpleasant facial profile of midfacial depression, which could be caused by multiple reasons. In the past, LeFort osteotomy and orthodontic methods were applied for surgical treatment of midfacial concavity. As the development of plastic surgery filling techniques, nasal base filling or concurrent comprehensive rhinoplasty has been widely used to improve midfacial depression. However, most of the related studies focus on surgical techniques or filling materials, yet lack accurate and objective aesthetic evaluation. In the current study, we used 3D imaging to collect 3D facial profile of 66 patients suffering from midfacial depression. Related linear distance and angles were measured accurately using 3D software. Patient satisfaction and physician evaluation were also collected in the follow-up period. The results showed that patients' midfacial depression were significantly improved after the surgery and the overall patient satisfaction was 100%. Our study demonstrated the positive role of nasal base filling in improving the midfacial depression, and illustrated the advantages of 3D imaging technology in personalized preoperative communication, surgical simulation and postoperative effect evaluation.Level of evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Facial Scanners in Dentistry: An Overview. PROSTHESIS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/prosthesis4040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: This narrative review aims to explore the current status of facial scanning technology in the dental field; outlining the history, mechanisms, and current evidence regarding its use and limitations within digital dentistry. Methods: Subtopics within facial scanner technology in dentistry were identified and divided among four reviewers. Electronic searches of the Medline (PubMed) database were performed with the following search terms: facial scanner, dentistry, prosthodontics, virtual patient, sleep apnea, maxillofacial prosthetics, accuracy. For this review only studies or review papers evaluating facial scanning technology for dental or medical applications were included. A total of 44 articles were included. Due to the narrative nature of this review, no formal evidence-based quality assessment was performed and the search was limited to the English language. No further restrictions were applied. Results: The significance, applications, limitations, and future directions of facial scanning technology were reviewed. Specific subtopics include significant history of facial scanner use and development for dentistry, different types and mechanisms used in facial scanning technology, accuracy of scanning technology, use as a diagnostic tool, use in creating a virtual patient, virtual articulation, smile design, diagnosing and treating obstructive sleep apnea, limitations of scanning technology, and future directions with artificial intelligence. Conclusions: Despite limitations in scan quality and software operation, 3D facial scanners are rapid and non-invasive tools that can be utilized in multiple facets of dental care. Facial scanners can serve an invaluable role in the digital workflow by capturing facial records to facilitate interdisciplinary communication, virtual articulation, smile design, and obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis and treatment. Looking into the future, facial scanning technology has promising applications in the fields of craniofacial research, and prosthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.
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Salazar-Gamarra R, Binasco S, Seelaus R, Dib LL. Present and future of extraoral maxillofacial prosthodontics: Cancer rehabilitation. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:1003430. [PMID: 36338571 PMCID: PMC9627490 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.1003430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, facial prosthetics have successfully rehabilitated individuals with acquired or congenital anatomical deficiencies of the face. This history includes extensive efforts in research and development to explore best practices in materials, methods, and artisanal techniques. Presently, extraoral maxillofacial rehabilitation is managed by a multiprofessional team that has evolved with a broadened scope of knowledge, skills, and responsibility. This includes the mandatory integration of different professional specialists to cover the bio-psycho-social needs of the patient, systemic health and pathology surveillance, and advanced restorative techniques, which may include 3D technologies. In addition, recent digital workflows allow us to optimize this multidisciplinary integration and reduce the active time of both patients and clinicians, as well as improve the cost-efficiency of the care system, promoting its access to both patients and health systems. This paper discusses factors that affect extraoral maxillofacial rehabilitation's present and future opportunities from teamwork consolidation, techniques utilizing technology, and health systems opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Salazar-Gamarra
- Department of Research, Plus Identity Institute, São Paulo, Brazil,Centro de Investigación en Transformación Digital, Universidad Norbert Wiener (UNW), Lima, Perú,Correspondence: Rodrigo Salazar-Gamarra
| | - Salvatore Binasco
- Department of Research, Plus Identity Institute, São Paulo, Brazil,Postgraduation Program in Engineering, Universidade Paulista (UNIP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosemary Seelaus
- Department of Research, Plus Identity Institute, São Paulo, Brazil,The Craniofacial Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Luciando Lauria Dib
- Department of Research, Plus Identity Institute, São Paulo, Brazil,Postgraduation Program in Dentistry, Universidade Paulista (UNIP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Gallardo YNR, Salazar-Gamarra R, Bohner L, De Oliveira JI, Dib LL, Sesma N. Evaluation of the 3D error of 2 face-scanning systems: An in vitro analysis. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 129:630-636. [PMID: 34362565 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Facial scanning systems have been developed as auxiliary tools for diagnosis and planning in dentistry. However, little is known about the trueness of these free software programs and apps for facial scanning. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the trueness of 3D facial scanning by using Bellus3D and +ID ReCap Photo. MATERIAL AND METHODS A mannequin head was used as the master model. The control group was created by scanning the mannequin head with a noncontact structured blue light 3D scanner (ATOS Core). Two facial scanning methods were used for the experimental groups: a facial scanning app (FaceApp) and the Plus identity photogrammetry methodology (ReCap Photo). In both methods, image capturing was performed under the same natural lighting conditions with a smartphone (iPhone X) calibrated with an app. Trueness was assessed from the 3D measurement error, which was calculated with a 3D mesh analysis software program (GOM Inspect). Two comparison groups were created: ATOS versus Bellus3D (B3D) and ATOS versus +ID with ReCap Photo (+IDRP). The results were statistically evaluated by using the Shapiro-Wilk and paired t tests (α=.05). RESULTS B3D had a greater error than +IDRP in measuring the regions of the upper and lower lips, nose, and mentum (P<.01). This error was statistically higher for +IDRP (P<.01) in the right face area, but the left face area showed no statistically significant difference between the evaluated scanning methods (P=.93). The 3D global trueness of B3D was 0.34 ±0.14 mm, and that of +IDRP was 0.28 ±0.06 mm. CONCLUSIONS Both methods evaluated in this study provided a 3D model of the face with clinically acceptable trueness and should be reliable tools for planning esthetic restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda N R Gallardo
- PhD student, Department of Prosthodontics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Salazar-Gamarra
- Professor, Department, Paulista University, Paulista University (UNIP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lauren Bohner
- Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Luciano L Dib
- Professor, Post-graduation Department, Paulista University (UNIP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Newton Sesma
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Jiang J, Guo H. One-shot dual-projection topography enhanced by phase-shifting logical moiré. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:5507-5516. [PMID: 34263837 DOI: 10.1364/ao.430544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In conventional dual-projection moiré topography, the additive-type moiré pattern has an amplitude modulated form, and therefore poor visibility, unable to be improved through low-pass filtering. To overcome this difficulty, this paper presents an enhanced dual-projection moiré topography by means of logical moiré. In its implementation, a couple of projectors project two fringe patterns of different colors onto the object simultaneously and then a color camera captures the deformed fringe pattern. Instead of directly processing the additive-type moiré fringes, we separate the deformed fringes of two chromatic channels, binarize them, and then calculate their exclusive OR (XOR) moiré pattern. By differentiating one of the two deformed fringe patterns, a second XOR moiré pattern having exactly a π/2-rad phase shift can also be generated, so that the phases are simply calculated by using an arctangent function after low-pass filtering to the XOR moiré patterns. By doing so, we can measure the three-dimensional shape of an object in an efficient way requiring a single-shot implementation. The validity of this method has been demonstrated through simulation and experimental results.
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The Effect of Perioral Scan and Artificial Skin Markers on the Accuracy of Virtual Dentofacial Integration: Stereophotogrammetry Versus Smartphone Three-Dimensional Face-Scanning. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:ijerph18010229. [PMID: 33396780 PMCID: PMC7795468 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of different matching methods on the accuracy of dentofacial integration in stereophotogrammetry and smartphone face-scanning systems. The integration was done (N = 30) with different matching areas (n = 10), including teeth image only (TO), perioral area without markers (PN) and with markers (PM). The positional accuracy of the integrated models was assessed by measuring the midline linear deviations and incisal line canting between the experimental groups and laser scanner-based reference standards. Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests were used for statistical analyses (α = 0.05). The PM method exhibited the smallest linear deviations in both systems; while the highest deviations were found in the TO in stereophotogrammetry; and in PN in smartphone. For the incisal line canting; the canting degree was the lowest in the PM method; followed by that in the TO and the PN in both systems. Although stereophotogrammetry generally exhibited higher accuracy than the smartphone; the two systems demonstrated no significant difference when the perioral areas were used for matching. The use of perioral scans with markers enables accurate dentofacial image integration; however; cautions should be given on the accuracy of the perioral image obtained without the use of markers.
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国 丹, 潘 韶, 衡 墨, 屈 健, 魏 秀, 周 永. [Comparison of the registration methods for the three-dimensional facial scans applied to the design of full-arch implant supported restoration]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2020; 53:83-87. [PMID: 33550340 PMCID: PMC7867969 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the registration accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) facial scans for the design of full-arch implant supported restoration by five methods and to explore the suitable registration method. METHODS According to the criteria, ten patients with maxillary edentulous jaw or end-stage dentition requiring implant supported restorations were enrolled in this study. A special rim with individual feature marks reflected appropriate occlusal relationship and esthetic characteristics was made for each patient. Both 3D facial scan data of natural laughter and with opener traction to expose the teeth or occlusal rim of each patient were acquired by facial scan and input to the digital analysis software Geomagic Qualify 2012. The dataset was superimposed by five different methods: seven facial anatomical landmark points alignment, facial immobile area alignment (forehead and nasal area), facial anatomical landmark points and immobile area combining alignment, facial feature points alignment, facial and intraoral feature points alignment with the same local coordinate system. The three-dimensional deviation of the same selected area was calculated, the smaller the deviation, the higher the registration accuracy. The 3D deviation was compared among the three registration methods of facial anatomical landmark points, facial immobile area alignment and the combination of the above two methods. Friedman test was performed to analyze the difference among the three methods (α=0.05). The effect of the aid of the facial and intraoral feature points were evaluated. Paired t test were performed to analyze the difference (P<0.05). RESULTS The average three-dimensional deviation of the selected area after alignment with the facial anatomical landmarks was (1.501 2±0.406 1) mm, significantly larger than that of the facial immobile area best-fit alignment [(0.629 1±0.150 6) mm] and the combination of the two methods[(0.629 1±0.150 6) mm] (P < 0.001). The aid of the facial feature points could significantly reduce the deviation (t=1.001 3, P < 0.001). There was no significant statistical difference in the remaining groups. CONCLUSION The forehead area of the 3D facial scan can be exposed as much as possible. The establishment of facial characteristic landmark points and the use of the invariant area alignment can improve the accuracy of registration. It should be clinically feasible to apply three-dimensional facial scan to the design of full-arch implant supported restoration with the registration of the immobile area on the face especially the forehead area.
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Affiliation(s)
- 丹妮 国
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,修复科 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 韶霞 潘
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,修复科 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 墨笛 衡
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,义齿加工中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Dental Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 健 屈
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,义齿加工中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Dental Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 秀霞 魏
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,义齿加工中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Dental Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 永胜 周
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,修复科 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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Vairavan R, Abdullah O, Retnasamy PB, Sauli Z, Shahimin MM, Retnasamy V. A Brief Review on Breast Carcinoma and Deliberation on Current Non Invasive Imaging Techniques for Detection. Curr Med Imaging 2020; 15:85-121. [PMID: 31975658 DOI: 10.2174/1573405613666170912115617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast carcinoma is a life threatening disease that accounts for 25.1% of all carcinoma among women worldwide. Early detection of the disease enhances the chance for survival. DISCUSSION This paper presents comprehensive report on breast carcinoma disease and its modalities available for detection and diagnosis, as it delves into the screening and detection modalities with special focus placed on the non-invasive techniques and its recent advancement work done, as well as a proposal on a novel method for the application of early breast carcinoma detection. CONCLUSION This paper aims to serve as a foundation guidance for the reader to attain bird's eye understanding on breast carcinoma disease and its current non-invasive modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendaran Vairavan
- School of Microelectronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pauh Putra Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Othman Abdullah
- Hospital Sultan Abdul Halim, 08000 Sg. Petani, Kedah, Malaysia
| | | | - Zaliman Sauli
- School of Microelectronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pauh Putra Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Mukhzeer Mohamad Shahimin
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia (UPNM), Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vithyacharan Retnasamy
- School of Microelectronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pauh Putra Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
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Awuti S, I Sumita Y, Elbashti M, Kelimu S, Aswehlee A, Hattori M. The role of non-contact digitizer in geometrical evaluation of mandibular prostheses effect on facial asymmetry of mandibulectomy patients. J Prosthodont Res 2020; 65:86-90. [PMID: 32938856 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpor_2019_326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study sought to geometrically evaluate the effect of a mandibular prosthesis on facial asymmetry in patients with one of two different types of mandibulectomy defect. METHODS Facial data from 20 participants (9 men and 11 women; mean age 68 years) with either a reconstructed segmental defect (segmental group,n = 10) or a marginal mandibulectomy defect (marginal group, n =10) were acquired with a non-contact three-dimensional (3D) digitizer. Facial asymmetry was evaluated by superimposing a facial scan onto its mirror scan using 3D evaluation software. Facial scans with and without the mandibular prosthesis in place were also superimposed to evaluate the effect of the mandibular prosthesis. RESULTS Facial asymmetry differed significantly between subjects with and without the prosthesis in the segmental group (P = 0.005) but not in the marginal group (P = 0.16). There was no significant difference in the effect of the prosthesis on facial appearance between the two groups (P = 0.052). The ratio of 3D deviation of facial asymmetry without the prosthesis and in the mirror scan with the prosthesis differed significantly between the two groups (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Placement of a mandibular prosthesis has a notable effect on facial asymmetry in patients with segmental mandibulectomy defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shataer Awuti
- Department of Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo
| | - Yuka I Sumita
- Department of Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo
| | - Mahmoud Elbashti
- Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues, INSERM U1026, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux
| | - Shajidan Kelimu
- Department of Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo
| | - Amel Aswehlee
- Department of Dental Technology, University of Tripoli, Tripoli
| | - Mariko Hattori
- Department of Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo
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Matsuo M, Mine Y, Kawahara K, Murayama T. Accuracy Evaluation of a Three-Dimensional Model Generated from Patient-Specific Monocular Video Data for Maxillofacial Prosthetic Rehabilitation: A Pilot Study. J Prosthodont 2020; 29:712-717. [PMID: 32583571 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate if the combination of a monoscopic photogrammetry technique and smartphone-recorded monocular video data could be appropriately applied to maxillofacial prosthesis fabrication. MATERIALS AND METHODS Smartphone video and laser scanning data were recorded for five healthy volunteers (24.1 ± 0.7 years). Three-dimensional (3D) facial models were generated using photogrammetry software and a laser scanner. Smartphone-recorded video data were used to generate a photogrammetric 3D model. The videos were recorded at two resolutions: 1080 × 1920 (high resolution) and 720 × 1280 pixels (low resolution). The lengths of five nasal component parts (nose height, nasal dorsum length, nasal column length, nasal ala length, and nose breadth) were compared in the photogrammetric 3D models (as the test model) and the laser scanned 3D models (as the validation model) using reverse engineering software. RESULTS There was a significant difference in the nasal dorsum length between the test model and the validation model (high resolution; 95% confidence interval, 2.05-5.07, Low resolution; confidence interval, 2.19-5.69). In contrast to the nasal dorsum length, there were no significant differences in nose height, nose breadth, nasal ala length, and nasal column length. CONCLUSION Using smartphone-recorded video data and a photogrammetry technique may be a promising technique to apply in the maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Matsuo
- Department of Medical System Engineering, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuichi Mine
- Department of Medical System Engineering, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Translational Research Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kawahara
- Department of Oral Biology & Engineering, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Murayama
- Department of Medical System Engineering, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Gibelli D, Dolci C, Cappella A, Sforza C. Reliability of optical devices for three-dimensional facial anatomy description: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 49:1092-1106. [PMID: 31786104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2019.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of three-dimensional (3D) optical instruments to measure soft tissue facial characteristics is increasing, but systematic assessments of their reliability, practical use in research and clinics, outcome measurements, and advantages and limitations are not fully established. Therefore, a review of the current literature was performed on the reliability of facial anthropometric measurements obtained by 3D optical facial reproductions as compared to conventional anthropometry or other optical devices. The systematic literature search was conducted in electronic databases following the PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO registration: CRD42018085473). Overall, 815 studies were identified, with 27 final papers included. Two meta-analyses were conducted. Tested devices included conventional cameras, laser scanning, stereophotogrammetry, and structured light. Studies measured living people or inanimate objects. Overall, the optical devices were considered reliable for the measurement of linear distances. Some caution is needed for surface assessments. All instruments are suitable for the analysis of inanimate objects, but fast scan devices should be preferred for living subjects to avoid motion artefacts in the orbital and nasolabial areas. Prior facial landmarking is suggested to improve measurement accuracy. Practical needs and economic means should direct the choice of the most appropriate instrument. Considering the increasing interest in surface-to-surface measurements, fast scan devices should be preferred, and dedicated protocols devised.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gibelli
- Functional Anatomy Research Centre (FARC), Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell'Apparato Stomatognatico (LAFAS), Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - C Dolci
- Functional Anatomy Research Centre (FARC), Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell'Apparato Stomatognatico (LAFAS), Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - A Cappella
- Functional Anatomy Research Centre (FARC), Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell'Apparato Stomatognatico (LAFAS), Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - C Sforza
- Functional Anatomy Research Centre (FARC), Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell'Apparato Stomatognatico (LAFAS), Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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15
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Accuracy of digital technologies for the scanning of facial, skeletal, and intraoral tissues: A systematic review. J Prosthet Dent 2019; 121:246-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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JUNQUEIRA-JÚNIOR AA, MAGRI LV, CAZAL MS, MORI AA, RODRIGUES DA SILVA AMB, RODRIGUES DA SILVA MAM. Accuracy evaluation of tridimensional images performed by portable stereophotogrammetric system. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.08919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Human facial characteristics vary according to individual dental occlusion, facial harmony, orofacial musculature and the format and configuration of craniofacial structures. Traditionally, anthropometric measurements have been acquired through direct evaluation of subjects in a clinical environment using calipers and metric tapes to measure distances between arches and landmarks. Scientific breakthroughs have enabled the digitization of data and introduced the possibility of quick, precise, radiation-free acquisitions; details can be archived for future analysis and easily shared with patients and colleagues. Among new facial analysis methods, the stereophotogrammetry technique has emerged, which uses a group of cameras to take many photographs of a subject in rapid succession from multiple angles. Nowadays, portable stereophotogrammetric systems are being proposed, as they are more practical and easier to use. Objective The aim of this work was to analyze the accuracy and reproducibility of a portable 3D stereophotogrammetric system (Vectra H1, Canfield, Fairfield, NJ, USA) in measuring soft facial tissues of 30 participants, defining measures of a cube and comparing these measurements with those obtained by a set 3D stereophotogrammetric system (Vectra M3, Canfield, Fairfield, NJ, USA) with previously validated accuracy and reproducibility through quantitative analysis of possible errors. Material and method Thirty temporary landmarks were used to measure (in mm) 34 distances in 30 participants (n = 30). Regarding the cube, 12 angles and 9 linear distances were evaluated. Result The results obtained by the established methodology indicated that the Vectra H1 portable system has shown accuracy and reproducibility equal to that of the Vectra M3 set system. Conclusion Data analysis and correlation to literature findings show Vectra H1's capability to reliably capture tridimensional images, which makes it practical for use in diverse clinical applications.
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Diniz CDAF, Andrade MVFD, Silva BPAD, Duarte MLM, Donadon LV, Guimarães R, Guimarães M. A low cost stereophotogrammetric system for the evaluation of tridimensional head translations during visual tasks. J Med Eng Technol 2018; 42:411-419. [PMID: 30465695 DOI: 10.1080/03091902.2018.1529203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A simple, low cost and easy-to-operate 3D stereophotogrammetry system was developed to measure the kinematic pattern of head stabilisation during visual tasks. The system differs from commercially available ones since it: (a) takes into account the gaze motor coordination characteristics and measures the head translations quantified at the point that best represents the translations caused by the eyes' movement during visual tasks, that is, the midpoint between the eyes; (b) offers minimum restriction to the head movement and minimum interference with it; (c) innovates when using the position coordinates produced by a free-online tracker software. The system was effective in recording the head movements and its RMS total error was 0.705 mm with ±0.808 mm standard deviation. This represents an RMS total error of 3.5%, considered satisfactory because it provided results with a confidence level higher than 95%. The system was effective to record differences in head movements of 11 individuals in open and closed eyes conditions and revealed the direction-specific feature of the head displacements size. The results showed that the system is a cost-effective and accurate alternative for studies needing to accurately measure head movements during visual tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia de Almeida Ferreira Diniz
- a LABBIO, DEMEC/UFMG: Bioengineering Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil.,b LAPAN, DEMEC/UFMG: Laboratory for the Research Applied to Neurovision, Mechanical Engineering Department , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Faleiro de Andrade
- a LABBIO, DEMEC/UFMG: Bioengineering Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Bruno Philip Alves da Silva
- c DEMEC/UFMG: Mechanical Engineering Department , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Machado Duarte
- d GRAVIHB/UFMG: Group of Acoustics and Vibration on Human Beings, Mechanical Engineering Department , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Lázaro Valentin Donadon
- d GRAVIHB/UFMG: Group of Acoustics and Vibration on Human Beings, Mechanical Engineering Department , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Ricardo Guimarães
- b LAPAN, DEMEC/UFMG: Laboratory for the Research Applied to Neurovision, Mechanical Engineering Department , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Márcia Guimarães
- b LAPAN, DEMEC/UFMG: Laboratory for the Research Applied to Neurovision, Mechanical Engineering Department , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
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18
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Unkovskiy A, Spintzyk S, Axmann D, Engel EM, Weber H, Huettig F. Additive Manufacturing: A Comparative Analysis of Dimensional Accuracy and Skin Texture Reproduction of Auricular Prostheses Replicas. J Prosthodont 2017; 28:e460-e468. [PMID: 29125215 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The use of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and additive manufacturing in maxillofacial prosthetics has been widely acknowledged. Rapid prototyping can be considered for manufacturing of auricular prostheses. Therefore, so-called prostheses replicas can be fabricated by digital means. The objective of this study was to identify a superior additive manufacturing method to fabricate auricular prosthesis replicas (APRs) within a digital workflow. MATERIALS AND METHODS Auricles of 23 healthy subjects (mean age of 37.8 years) were measured in vivo with respect to an anthropometrical protocol. Landmarks were volumized with fiducial balls for 3D scanning using a handheld structured light scanner. The 3D CAD dataset was postprocessed, and the same anthropometrical measurements were made in the CAD software with the digital lineal. Each CAD dataset was materialized using fused deposition modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), and stereolithography (SL), constituting 53 APR samples. All distances between the landmarks were measured on the APRs. After the determination of the measurement error within the five data groups (in vivo, CAD, FDM, SLS, and SL), the mean values were compared using matched pairs method. To this, the in vivo and CAD dataset were set as references. Finally, the surface structure of the APRs was qualitatively evaluated with stereomicroscopy and profilometry to ascertain the level of skin detail reproduction. RESULTS The anthropometrical approach showed drawbacks in measuring the protrusion of the ear's helix. The measurement error within all groups of measurements was calculated between 0.20 and 0.28 mm, implying a high reproducibility. The lowest mean differences of 53 produced APRs were found in FDM (0.43%) followed by SLS (0.54%) and SL (0.59%)--compared to in vivo, and again in FDM (0.20%) followed by SL (0.36%) and SLS (0.39%)--compared to CAD. None of these values exceed the threshold of clinical relevance (1.5%); however, the qualitative evaluation revealed slight shortcomings in skin reproduction for all methods: reproduction of skin details exceeding 0.192 mm in depth was feasible. CONCLUSION FDM showed the superior dimensional accuracy and best skin surface reproduction. Moreover, digital acquisition and CAD postprocessing seem to play a more important role in the outcome than the additive manufacturing method used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Unkovskiy
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tüebingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Spintzyk
- Medical Material Science and Technology, Tüebingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Detlef Axmann
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tüebingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Engel
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tüebingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Heiner Weber
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tüebingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Huettig
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tüebingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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19
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Zhao YJ, Xiong YX, Wang Y. Three-Dimensional Accuracy of Facial Scan for Facial Deformities in Clinics: A New Evaluation Method for Facial Scanner Accuracy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169402. [PMID: 28056044 PMCID: PMC5215889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the practical accuracy (PA) of optical facial scanners for facial deformity patients in oral clinic was evaluated. Ten patients with a variety of facial deformities from oral clinical were included in the study. For each patient, a three-dimensional (3D) face model was acquired, via a high-accuracy industrial “line-laser” scanner (Faro), as the reference model and two test models were obtained, via a “stereophotography” (3dMD) and a “structured light” facial scanner (FaceScan) separately. Registration based on the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm was executed to overlap the test models to reference models, and “3D error” as a new measurement indicator calculated by reverse engineering software (Geomagic Studio) was used to evaluate the 3D global and partial (upper, middle, and lower parts of face) PA of each facial scanner. The respective 3D accuracy of stereophotography and structured light facial scanners obtained for facial deformities was 0.58±0.11 mm and 0.57±0.07 mm. The 3D accuracy of different facial partitions was inconsistent; the middle face had the best performance. Although the PA of two facial scanners was lower than their nominal accuracy (NA), they all met the requirement for oral clinic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-jiao Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
- Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Digital Dentistry, Ministry of Health, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yu-xue Xiong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
- Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Digital Dentistry, Ministry of Health, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
- Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Digital Dentistry, Ministry of Health, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
- * E-mail:
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Modabber A, Peters F, Brokmeier A, Goloborodko E, Ghassemi A, Lethaus B, Hölzle F, Möhlhenrich SC. Influence of Connecting Two Standalone Mobile Three-Dimensional Scanners on Accuracy Comparing with a Standard Device in Facial Scanning. EJOURNAL OF ORAL MAXILLOFACIAL RESEARCH 2016; 7:e4. [PMID: 28154748 PMCID: PMC5279770 DOI: 10.5037/jomr.2016.7404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives In this study is investigated if bundling of two scanners leads to better accuracy in recording faces than a standard face-scanning device. Material and Methods In a group of 28 volunteers, two test specimens were attached to their faces: one on their forehead and one turned 90° on their cheek. Each volunteer was scanned by FaceScan3D® and two bundled Artec EVA® scanners. The scans were aligned to a three-dimensional model of the test specimen, and the mean error was recorded. Length, width and angles between the test specimen’s planes were compared. Results The mean deviation is significantly lower for the cheek test specimen in alignment (P < 0.001), length and width (P < 0.001) but not for the forehead test specimen in alignment and length and width (P > 0.05) using FaceScan3D®. The aberration from the original angle between two sides of the test specimen is significantly lower measured with Artec EVA® for the angle between the front and the bottom plane of both test specimens (P < 0.01). Besides the angle between the right plane and the bottom plane as well as the top plane of the test specimen mounted to the cheek, the deviation of the angle between the other side planes to each other is significantly lower (P > 0.05) scanned with Artec EVA®. Conclusions Compared to FaceScan3D®, two bundled Artec EVA® scanners provide different accuracies depending on the location of the measured parameters. The accuracy measured for both scanners is inside the range found in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Modabber
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Facial Surgery, School of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, AachenGermany.; Both first authors contributed equally
| | - Florian Peters
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Facial Surgery, School of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, AachenGermany.; Both first authors contributed equally
| | - Anna Brokmeier
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Facial Surgery, School of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen Germany
| | - Evgeny Goloborodko
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Facial Surgery, School of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen Germany
| | - Alireza Ghassemi
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Facial Surgery, School of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen Germany
| | - Bernd Lethaus
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Facial Surgery, School of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen Germany
| | - Frank Hölzle
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Facial Surgery, School of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen Germany
| | - Stephan Christian Möhlhenrich
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Facial Surgery, School of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen Germany
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21
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Modabber A, Peters F, Kniha K, Goloborodko E, Ghassemi A, Lethaus B, Hölzle F, Möhlhenrich SC. Evaluation of the accuracy of a mobile and a stationary system for three-dimensional facial scanning. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2016; 44:1719-1724. [PMID: 27614543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Numerous three-dimensional (3D) facial scanners have emerged on the market; however, publications evaluating their accuracies are sparse. In this study, the accuracy of two 3D scanners used in facial scanning was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS A test specimen was attached at the right cheek and the forehead of 41 volunteers. These volunteers were scanned with Artec EVA® and FaceScan3D®. The acquired data were aligned to a 3D model of the test specimen for comparing the mean error, original length and width and angles to the measured values. RESULTS The mean error in Best Fit alignment is significantly lower using Artec EVA (p < 0.001) for both test specimens. The deviation from the original length and width is significantly lower for the test specimens (p < 0.01) when measured with Artec EVA. The aberration of the angles measured between the front plane and the side plane is significantly lower when measured with Artec EVA (p < 0.001). Captured with Artec EVA the discrepancy between the original angle and the angle measured between the side planes to each other is significantly lower (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Scanning with Artec EVA leads to more accurate 3D models as compared to scanning with FaceScan3D. The exactness achieved by both scanners is comparable to other scanners mentioned in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Modabber
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Facial Surgery, School of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Florian Peters
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Facial Surgery, School of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kristian Kniha
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Facial Surgery, School of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Evgeny Goloborodko
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Facial Surgery, School of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alireza Ghassemi
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Facial Surgery, School of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bernd Lethaus
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Facial Surgery, School of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Hölzle
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Facial Surgery, School of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephan Christian Möhlhenrich
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Facial Surgery, School of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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22
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Salazar-Gamarra R, Seelaus R, da Silva JVL, da Silva AM, Dib LL. Monoscopic photogrammetry to obtain 3D models by a mobile device: a method for making facial prostheses. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 45:33. [PMID: 27225795 PMCID: PMC4881215 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-016-0145-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study is to present the development of a new technique to obtain 3D models using photogrammetry by a mobile device and free software, as a method for making digital facial impressions of patients with maxillofacial defects for the final purpose of 3D printing of facial prostheses. Methods With the use of a mobile device, free software and a photo capture protocol, 2D captures of the anatomy of a patient with a facial defect were transformed into a 3D model. The resultant digital models were evaluated for visual and technical integrity. The technical process and resultant models were described and analyzed for technical and clinical usability. Results Generating 3D models to make digital face impressions was possible by the use of photogrammetry with photos taken by a mobile device. The facial anatomy of the patient was reproduced by a *.3dp and a *.stl file with no major irregularities. 3D printing was possible. Conclusions An alternative method for capturing facial anatomy is possible using a mobile device for the purpose of obtaining and designing 3D models for facial rehabilitation. Further studies must be realized to compare 3D modeling among different techniques and systems. Clinical implication Free software and low cost equipment could be a feasible solution to obtain 3D models for making digital face impressions for maxillofacial prostheses, improving access for clinical centers that do not have high cost technology considered as a prior acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Salazar-Gamarra
- UNIP Postgraduate Dental School, Universidade Paulista, Rua Afonso Braz, 525 - Cj. 81 Vila Nova Conceição, São Paulo, CEP 04511-011, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rosemary Seelaus
- The Craniofacial Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, 811 S Paulina St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jorge Vicente Lopes da Silva
- Division of the Centro Tecnológico da Informação Renato Archer, Rodovia Dom Pedro I, Km 143, 6 - Amarais, Campinas, SP, 13069-901, Brazil
| | - Airton Moreira da Silva
- Centro Tecnológico da Informação Renato Archer Campinas, Rodovia Dom Pedro I, Km 143, 6 - Amarais, Campinas, SP, 13069-901, Brazil
| | - Luciano Lauria Dib
- UNIP Postgraduate Dental School, Universidade Paulista, Rua Afonso Braz, 525 - Cj. 81 Vila Nova Conceição, São Paulo, CEP 04511-011, SP, Brazil.,Oncology Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Afonso Braz, 525 - Cj. 81 Vila Nova Conceição, São Paulo, CEP 04511-011, SP, Brazil
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