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Demir F, Varan C, Erdem S, Atmış A, Akbaş T, Subaşı B, Güzel Y, Özbarlas N. Infective endocarditis in childhood: a single-centre experience of 26 years. Cardiol Young 2023; 33:1950-1955. [PMID: 36419327 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951122003419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to present the clinical and microbiological characteristics of patients with infective endocarditis.A retrospective evaluation was made of patients diagnosed with infective endocarditis between 1995 and 2021. The clinical and laboratory characteristics of the patients were recorded together with conditions constituting a risk for the development of endocarditis, treatment, and surgical outcomes.Evaluation was made of 68 patients with a mean age of 7.3 years (3 months-17 years), diagnosed with infective endocarditis. An underlying cause of CHD was determined in 47 (69%) patients and rheumatic valve disease in 3 (4.4%). There was no structural heart disease in 18 (26%) patients of whom 13 of them had other risk factors. A causative organism was found in 41 (60%) cases, and the microorganism most often determined was viridans group streptococcus. No difference was determined between the patients diagnosed before and after 2007 in respect of the frequency of viridans streptococcus (p > 0.05). Septic emboli were seen in 18 (26%) patients, of which 17 required surgical treatments. In 5 of 11 (16.6%) patients with mortality, the agent was S. aureus. Of the total 28 (41%) patients were evaluated as hospital-acquired endocarditis. The most frequently determined agents in this group were staphylococcus epidermidis and S. aureus.Although CHDs continue to be the greatest risk factor for endocarditis, there is an increasing frequency of endocarditis in patients with no structural heart disease. Mortality rates are still high in infective endocarditis, especially in S. aureus endocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadli Demir
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Celal Varan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Sevcan Erdem
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Anıl Atmış
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Tolga Akbaş
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Berivan Subaşı
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Yasin Güzel
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Nazan Özbarlas
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Abdel-Haq N, Shawaqfeh A, Gupta S, Ang JY, Thomas R, Asmar BI. Infective Endocarditis at a Referral Children's Hospital During 19-Year Period: Trends and Outcomes. Pediatr Cardiol 2023:10.1007/s00246-023-03274-y. [PMID: 37610636 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-023-03274-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We noted a recent increase in cases of infective endocarditis (IE) at our institution. The purpose of the study is to examine the incidence, risk factors, microbiology and outcome of IE in our pediatric population. METHODS Retrospective review of IE cases during 2002-2020 at Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit. RESULTS 68 patients with IE were identified. There was a 2-fold increase in incidence during the 2012-2020 (late period) compared to the 2002-2011 (early period). The most common predisposing conditions were congenital heart disease (CHD) in 39 (57.4%) and central venous catheter (CVC) in 19 (27.9%). CHD was more frequent in the late period (29/43, 67.4%) compared to early period (10/25, 40.0%) (p = 0.042). In CHD patients, palliative or corrective cardiac surgery was performed prior to IE diagnosis in 4/25 (16%) in early period and 23/43 (53.5%) in the late period (p = 0.004). S. aureus was the most common causative organism (35.3%) followed by streptococci (22.1%). Valve replacement or valvuloplasty was performed in 22.1% of patients. Complications occurred in 20 (29.4%). Mortality occurred in 7 (10.3%): 3 had CHD, 3 had CVC and underlying conditions and 1 had fulminant MRSA infection. CONCLUSION(S) The higher incidence of IE during the late period is likely due to an increase in patients with CHD who had undergone prior cardiac surgery. S. aureus was the predominant pathogen in all patients including those with CHD, followed by streptococci. IE in children continues to be associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahed Abdel-Haq
- Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA.
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Blvd Detroit, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48201, USA.
| | | | | | - Jocelyn Y Ang
- Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
- Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ronald Thomas
- Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
- Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Basim I Asmar
- Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
- Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Kelesoglu Ş, Inci S, Gul M, Ozan R, Düzgün I, Tuncay A, Aktaş H, Elcik D, Kalay N. Value of increased CRP/albumin ratio in predicting embolic events in patients with infective endocarditis. Biomark Med 2023; 17:613-621. [PMID: 37812054 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2023-0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The CRP/albumin ratio (CAR), a new inflammatory marker, is associated with adverse outcomes in various cardiovascular diseases. We evaluated the effectiveness of CAR in predicting embolic events in patients diagnosed with infective endocarditis (IE). Methods: A total of 145 patients with IE were included in the study and categorized into two groups according to the presence of embolic events. We retrospectively analyzed the patients' clinical, laboratory and echocardiographic data. Results: CRP (94.2 vs 63.3; p < 0.001) and CAR (25.8 vs 15.1; p < 0.001) values were significantly higher in patients who experienced embolic events. Multivariate analysis showed that a high CAR value (odds ratio: 1.030; 95% CI: 1.000-1.060; p = 0.041) was an independent predictor of embolic events in patients with IE. Conclusion: The CAR is a cheap and easily accessible marker that can predict the development of embolic events in patients diagnosed with IE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şaban Kelesoglu
- Department of Cardiology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Sinan Inci
- Department of Cardiology, Aksaray University Faculty of Medicine, Aksaray, Türkiye
| | - Murat Gul
- Department of Cardiology, Aksaray University Faculty of Medicine, Aksaray, Türkiye
| | - Ramazan Ozan
- Department of Cardiology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Ismail Düzgün
- Department of Cardiology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Aydın Tuncay
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Halil Aktaş
- Department of Cardiology, Aksaray University Faculty of Medicine, Aksaray, Türkiye
| | - Deniz Elcik
- Department of Cardiology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Nihat Kalay
- Department of Cardiology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Türkiye
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Jacobwitz M, Favilla E, Patel A, Giglia TM, Taing K, Ravishankar C, Gaynor JW, Licht DJ, McGuire JL, Beslow LA. Neurologic complications of infective endocarditis in children. Cardiol Young 2023; 33:463-472. [PMID: 35546418 PMCID: PMC9652479 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951122001159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To define the frequency and characteristics of acute neurologic complications in children hospitalised with infective endocarditis and to identify risk factors for neurologic complications. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study of children aged 0-18 years hospitalised at a tertiary children's hospital from 1 January, 2008 to 31 December, 2017 with infective endocarditis. RESULTS Sixty-eight children met Duke criteria for infective endocarditis (43 definite and 25 possible). Twenty-three (34%) had identified neurologic complications, including intracranial haemorrhage (25%, 17/68) and ischaemic stroke (25%, 17/68). Neurologic symptoms began a median of 4.5 days after infective endocarditis symptom onset (interquartile range 1, 25 days), though five children were asymptomatic and diagnosed on screening neuroimaging only. Overall, only 56% (38/68) underwent neuroimaging during acute hospitalisation, so additional asymptomatic neurologic complications may have been missed. Children with identified neurologic complications compared to those without were older (48 versus 22% ≥ 13 years old, p = 0.031), more often had definite rather than possible infective endocarditis (96 versus 47%, p < 0.001), mobile vegetations >10mm (30 versus 11%, p = 0.048), and vegetations with the potential for systemic embolisation (65 versus 29%, p = 0.004). Six children died (9%), all of whom had neurologic complications. CONCLUSIONS Neurologic complications of infective endocarditis were common (34%) and associated with mortality. The true frequency of neurologic complications was likely higher because asymptomatic cases may have been missed without screening neuroimaging. Moving forward, we advocate that all children with infective endocarditis have neurologic consultation, examination, and screening neuroimaging. Additional prospective studies are needed to determine whether early identification of neurologic abnormalities may direct management and ultimately reduce neurologic morbidity and overall mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Jacobwitz
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Favilla
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amisha Patel
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Therese M Giglia
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly Taing
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chitra Ravishankar
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J William Gaynor
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Licht
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer L McGuire
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren A Beslow
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Epidemiology, burden, and attributable risks of infective endocarditis in Iran and its provinces: From 1990 to 2019. Int J Cardiol 2022; 363:202-209. [PMID: 35777487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocarditis is a potentially life-threatening infectious disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality and an escalating incidence in recent decades. In this study, as a part of the global burden of disease (GBD) 2019 study, we intend to report endocarditis burden in Iran at national and provincial levels from 1990 to 2019. METHOD This study was conducted using GBD 2019 study data on endocarditis from 1990 to 2019. We gathered incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality rates in Iran and its 31 provinces by sex and age groups as epidemiological indices for endocarditis burden. Further decomposition analysis was also performed to delineate the endocarditis new cases trend. RESULTS On the country scale, age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALYs rate were (16.5 (95% uncertainty interval 13.7 to 19.8), 3.4 (2.9 to 4.1), 0.6 (0.5 to 0.9), and 14.4 (12.0 to 21.1) in 2019, respectively. Decomposition analysis showed that only 59.2% of the overall new cases increase (114.1%) was caused by the incidence rate change. All estimated age-standardized rates were higher in men in 1990 and 2019 with a ratio of 1.1-1.5. CONCLUSION The ASIR and ASPR of endocarditis increased, and the ASMR and age-standardized DALYs rate declined over the past 30 years in Iran, nearly all the provinces followed the same pattern with North Khorasan having the Highest ASIR, ASPR, ASMR, and DALYs rates in both years. High systolic blood pressure (SBP) had the greatest attributed burden among risk factors.
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