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Huang H, Hu D, Chen Z, Xu J, Xu R, Gong Y, Fang Z, Wang T, Chen W. Immunotherapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus by adjuvant-free Schistosoma japonicum-egg tip-loaded asymmetric microneedle patch (STAMP). J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:377. [PMID: 35964125 PMCID: PMC9375265 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease mediated by autoreactive T cells and dominated by Th1 response polarization. Insulin replacement therapy faces great challenges to this autoimmune disease, requiring highly frequent daily administration. Intriguingly, the progression of T1DM has proven to be prevented or attenuated by helminth infection or worm antigens for a relatively long term. However, the inevitable problems of low safety and poor compliance arise from infection with live worms or direct injection of antigens. Microneedles would be a promising candidate for local delivery of intact antigens, thus providing an opportunity for the clinical immunotherapy of parasitic products. Methods We developed a Schistosoma japonicum-egg tip-loaded asymmetric microneedle patch (STAMP) system, which serves as a new strategy to combat TIDM. In order to improve retention time and reduce contamination risk, a specific imperfection was introduced on the STAMP (asymmetric structure), which allows the tip to quickly separate from the base layer, improving reaction time and patient’s comfort. After loading Schistosoma japonicum-egg as the immune regulator, the effects of STAMP on blood glucose control and pancreatic pathological progression improvement were evaluated in vivo. Meanwhile, the immunoregulatory mechanism and biosafety of STAMP were confirmed by histopathology, qRT-PCR, ELISA and Flow cytometric analysis. Results Here, the newly developed STAMP was able to significantly reduce blood glucose and attenuate the pancreatic injury in T1DM mice independent of the adjuvants. The isolated Schistosoma japonicum-eggs micron slowly degraded in the skin and continuously released egg antigen for at least 2 weeks, ensuring localization and safety of antigen stimulation. This phenomenon should be attributed to the shift of Th2 immune response to reduce Th1 polarization. Conclusion Our results exhibited that STAMP could significantly regulate the blood glucose level and attenuate pancreatic pathological injury in T1DM mice by balancing the Th1/Th2 immune responses, which is independent of adjuvants. This technology opens a new window for the application of parasite products in clinical immunotherapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01581-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Huang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Education, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Dian Hu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Education, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Education, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Jiarong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Rengui Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yusheng Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Zhengming Fang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Ting Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Education, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China. .,Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Education, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China. .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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2
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Ndolo SM, Zachariah M, Molefi L, Phaladze N, Sichilongo KF. Mass spectrometry based metabolomics for small molecule metabolites mining and confirmation as potential biomarkers for schistosomiasis - case of the Okavango Delta communities in Botswana. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 19:61-71. [PMID: 34846232 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.2012454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolomics for identifying schistosomiasis biomarkers in noninvasive samples at various infection stages is being actively explored. The literature on the traditional detection of schistosomiasis in human specimens is well documented. However, state-of-the-art technologies based on mass spectrometry have simplified the use of biomarkers for diagnostics. This review examines methods currently in use for the metabolomics of small molecules using separation science and mass spectrometry. AREA COVERED This article highlights the evolution of traditional diagnostic methods for schistosomiasis based on inter alia microscopy, immunology, and polymerase chain reaction. An exhaustive literature search of metabolite mining, focusing on separation science and mass spectrometry, is presented. A comparative analysis of mass spectrometry methods was undertaken, including a projection for the future. EXPERT COMMENTARY Mass spectrometry metabolomics for schistosomiasis will lead to biomarker discovery for noninvasive human samples. These biomarkers, together with those from other neglected tropical diseases, such as malaria and sleeping sickness, could be incorporated as arrays on a single biosensor chip and inserted into smartphones, in order to improve surveillance, monitoring, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedireng M Ndolo
- College of Open Schooling, Botswana Open University, Gaborone Regional Campus, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Matshediso Zachariah
- School of Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Lebotse Molefi
- School of Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Nthabiseng Phaladze
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Kwenga F Sichilongo
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
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Guo J, Jiang H, Teng Y, Xiong Y, Chen Z, You L, Xiao D. Recent advances in magnetic carbon nanotubes: synthesis, challenges and highlighted applications. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:9076-9099. [PMID: 34668920 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01242h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic carbon nanotubes (MCNTs), consisting of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), have enormous exploration and application potentials due to their superior physical and chemical properties, such as unique magnetism and high enrichment performance. This review concentrates on the rapid advances in the synthesis and application of magnetic carbon nanotubes. Great progress has been made in the preparation of MCNTs by developing methods including chemical vapor deposition, pyrolysis procedure, sol-gel process, template-based synthesis, filling process and hydrothermal/solvothermal method. Various applications of MCNTs as a mediator of the adsorbent in magnetic solid-phase extraction, sensors, antibacterial agents, and imaging system contrast agents, and in drug delivery and catalysis are discussed. In order to overcome the drawbacks of MCNTs, such as sidewall damage, lack of convincing quantitative characterization methods, toxicity and environmental impact, and deficiency of extraction performance, researchers proposed some solutions in recent years. We systematically review the latest advances in MCNTs and discuss the direction of future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabei Guo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yan Teng
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yue Xiong
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Zhuhui Chen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Linjun You
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Deli Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China. .,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
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4
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Soares FA, Benitez ADN, dos Santos BM, Loiola SHN, Rosa SL, Nagata WB, Inácio SV, Suzuki CTN, Bresciani KDS, Falcão AX, Gomes JF. A historical review of the techniques of recovery of parasites for their detection in human stools. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2020; 53:e20190535. [PMID: 32491097 PMCID: PMC7269538 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0535-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the early 20th century, the detection of intestinal parasites has improved with the development of several techniques for parasitic structures recovery and identification, which differ in sensitivity, specificity, practicality, cost, and infrastructure demand. This study aims to review, in chronological order, the stool examination techniques and discuss their advantages, limitations, and perspectives, and to provide professionals and specialists in this field with data that lays a foundation for critical analysis on the use of such procedures. The concentration procedures that constitute the main techniques applied in routine research and in parasitological kits are a) spontaneous sedimentation; b) centrifugation-sedimentation with formalin-ethyl acetate; and c) flotation with zinc sulfate solution. While selecting a technique, one should consider the purpose of its application and the technical-operational, biological, and physicochemical factors inherent in the procedures used in stool processing, which may restrict its use. These intrinsic limitations may have undergone procedural changes driven by scientific and technological development and by development of alternative methods, which now contribute to the improvement of diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Augusto Soares
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Stefany Laryssa Rosa
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Walter Bertequini Nagata
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Apoio, Produção e Saúde Animal, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
| | - Sandra Valéria Inácio
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Apoio, Produção e Saúde Animal, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Katia Denise Saraiva Bresciani
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Apoio, Produção e Saúde Animal, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Jancarlo Ferreira Gomes
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação, Campinas, SP, Brasil
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5
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Spatiotemporal pattern analysis of schistosomiasis based on village level in the transmission control stage in lake and marshland areas in China. Parasitology 2019; 147:199-212. [PMID: 31699184 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182019001537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hubei Province is one of the endemic regions with severe schistosomiasis in China. To eliminate schistosomiasis in lake and marshland regions, this study detected hotspots of schistosomiasis cases both spatially and spatiotemporally on the basis of spatial autocorrelation; clustering and outlier, purely spatial and spatiotemporal cluster analyses at the village level from 2013 to 2017 in Hubei Province. The number of cases confirmed positive by an immunodiagnostic test and etiological diagnosis and advanced schistosomiasis cases dramatically declined during the study period. Significant global spatial autocorrelation of schistosomiasis patients was found at the village level in the whole province in 5 years. Clustering and outlier analysis showed that most HH villages were mainly concentrated along the Yangtze River, especially in Jianghan Plain. Spatial and spatiotemporal cluster analyses showed that significant clusters of the schistosomiasis cases were detected at the village level. In general, space and spatiotemporal clustering of schistosomiasis cases at the village level demonstrated a downward trend from 2013 from 2017 in Hubei Province. High-risk regions included Jianghan Plain along the middle reach of Yangtze River and Yangxin County in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in Hubei Province. To eliminate schistosomiasis, precise control and management of schistosomiasis cases should be strictly implemented. Moreover, comprehensive prevention and control measures should be continuously strengthened in these regions.
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Cavalcanti MG, Cunha AFA, Peralta JM. The Advances in Molecular and New Point-of-Care (POC) Diagnosis of Schistosomiasis Pre- and Post-praziquantel Use: In the Pursuit of More Reliable Approaches for Low Endemic and Non-endemic Areas. Front Immunol 2019; 10:858. [PMID: 31191512 PMCID: PMC6546849 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Like soil-transmitted helminth infections, schistosomiasis is an important neglected tropical disease (NTD) related to poverty with a major impact on public health in developing countries. Diagnosis of active infection is crucial for surveillance of controlled or post-elimination schistosomiasis areas. In addition, the use of conventional diagnostic tools in non-exposed populations (such as travelers) results in misdiagnoses in the prepatent period of infection. Also, the accuracy of standard tests applied in low-endemicity areas (LEAs) decreases after several rounds of treatment. We aimed to determine whether it would be necessary to replace schistosomiasis conventional diagnostic tests such as parasitological methods in LEAs. Also, we evaluate the use of new tools in non-endemic areas. Reliable, cheap and easy-to-use diagnostic tools are needed to respond to the demands of a new era of elimination and eradication of schistosomiasis. To this end, molecular diagnosis-including nucleic acid-based assays (loop-mediated isothermal amplification, polymerase chain reaction) and circulating cathodic and anodic antigen detection tests have become promising strategies. In this review, we attempt to address the use of alternative diagnostic tests for active infection detection and drug-monitoring after specific schistosomiasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta G Cavalcanti
- Serviço de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departmento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Fernandes Araujo Cunha
- Departmento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Mauro Peralta
- Departmento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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7
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Markwalter C, Kantor AG, Moore CP, Richardson KA, Wright DW. Inorganic Complexes and Metal-Based Nanomaterials for Infectious Disease Diagnostics. Chem Rev 2019; 119:1456-1518. [PMID: 30511833 PMCID: PMC6348445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases claim millions of lives each year. Robust and accurate diagnostics are essential tools for identifying those who are at risk and in need of treatment in low-resource settings. Inorganic complexes and metal-based nanomaterials continue to drive the development of diagnostic platforms and strategies that enable infectious disease detection in low-resource settings. In this review, we highlight works from the past 20 years in which inorganic chemistry and nanotechnology were implemented in each of the core components that make up a diagnostic test. First, we present how inorganic biomarkers and their properties are leveraged for infectious disease detection. In the following section, we detail metal-based technologies that have been employed for sample preparation and biomarker isolation from sample matrices. We then describe how inorganic- and nanomaterial-based probes have been utilized in point-of-care diagnostics for signal generation. The following section discusses instrumentation for signal readout in resource-limited settings. Next, we highlight the detection of nucleic acids at the point of care as an emerging application of inorganic chemistry. Lastly, we consider the challenges that remain for translation of the aforementioned diagnostic platforms to low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - David W. Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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8
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Eggs and Magnetism: New Approaches for Schistosomiasis Diagnosis. Trends Parasitol 2018; 34:267-271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Lindholz CG, Favero V, Verissimo CDM, Candido RRF, de Souza RP, dos Santos RR, Morassutti AL, Bittencourt HR, Jones MK, St. Pierre TG, Graeff-Teixeira C. Study of diagnostic accuracy of Helmintex, Kato-Katz, and POC-CCA methods for diagnosing intestinal schistosomiasis in Candeal, a low intensity transmission area in northeastern Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006274. [PMID: 29518081 PMCID: PMC5843168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Control initiatives have successfully reduced the prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis transmission in several localities around the world. However, individuals that release low numbers of eggs in their feces may not be detected by classical methods that are limited by low sensitivity. Given that accurate estimates of prevalence are key to implementing planning control actions for the elimination of schistosomiasis, new diagnostic tools are needed to effectively monitor infections and confirm transmission interruption. The World Health Organization recommends the Kato-Katz (KK) thick smear as a parasitological test for epidemiological surveys, even though this method has been demonstrated to underestimate prevalence when egg burdens are low. The point-of-care immunodiagnostic for detecting schistosome cathodic circulating antigen (POC-CCA) method has been proposed as a more sensitive substitute for KK in prevalence estimations. An alternative diagnostic, the Helmintex (HTX) method, isolates eggs from fecal samples with the use of paramagnetic particles in a magnetic field. Here, a population-based study involving 461 individuals from Candeal, Sergipe State, Brazil, was conducted to evaluate these three methods comparatively by latent class analysis (LCA). The prevalence of schistosomiasis mansoni was determined to be 71% with POC-CCA, 40.% with HTX and 11% with KK. Most of the egg burdens of the individuals tested (70%) were < 1 epg, thereby revealing a dissociation between prevalence and intensity in this locality. Therefore, the present results confirm that the HTX method is a highly sensitive egg detection procedure and support its use as a reference method for diagnosing intestinal schistosomiasis and for comparative evaluation of other tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catieli Gobetti Lindholz
- Laboratório de Biologia Parasitária, School of Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vivian Favero
- Laboratório de Biologia Parasitária, School of Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carolina de Marco Verissimo
- Laboratório de Biologia Parasitária, School of Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | | | - Renata Perotto de Souza
- Laboratório de Biologia Parasitária, School of Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Renata Rosa dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Parasitária, School of Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Loureiro Morassutti
- Laboratório de Biologia Parasitária, School of Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Helio Radke Bittencourt
- Polytechnic School, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Malcolm K. Jones
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Timothy G. St. Pierre
- School of Physics, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Carlos Graeff-Teixeira
- Laboratório de Biologia Parasitária, School of Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Candido RRF, Morassutti AL, Graeff-Teixeira C, St Pierre TG, Jones MK. Exploring Structural and Physical Properties of Schistosome Eggs: Potential Pathways for Novel Diagnostics? ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2018; 100:209-237. [PMID: 29753339 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this era of increasing demand for sensitive techniques to diagnose schistosomiasis, there is a need for an increased focus on the properties of the parasite eggs. The eggs are not only directly linked to the morbidity of chronic infection but are also potential key targets for accurate diagnostics. Eggs were the primary target of diagnostic tools in the past and we argue they could be the target of highly sensitive tools in the future if we focus on characteristics of their structure and shell surface that could be exploited for enhanced detection. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge of the physical structures of schistosome eggs and eggshells with a view to identifying pathways to a comprehensive understanding of their role in the host-parasite relationship and pathogenesis of infection, and pathways to new strategies for development of diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata R F Candido
- School of Physics, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
| | - Alessandra L Morassutti
- School of Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Graeff-Teixeira
- School of Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Timothy G St Pierre
- School of Physics, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Malcolm K Jones
- School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Candido RRF, Pierre TGS, Jones MK, Graeff-Teixeira C. Evaluation of the immunogenicity of Schistosoma mansoni egg surface. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2017; 50:652-657. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0040-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carlos Graeff-Teixeira
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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12
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Chen L, Chen Q, Hou W, He L. High-throughput dynamic analysis of differentially expressed genes in splenic dendritic cells from mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum. Immunol Lett 2017; 184:15-22. [PMID: 28185924 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells are the initiation and key point of immune response and play a role in immune regulation. So we explored the mechanisms involved in immune regulation of dendritic cells (DCs) against schistosomiasis using mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum. Splenic DCs from normal mice and mice with acute and chronic S. japonicum infection were sorted by flow cytometry. The numbers and functions of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in DCs were determined by high-throughput analysis. All DEGs with transcription-level fold changes of ≥2 were selected and matched to corresponding genes in databases. Annotations and cluster analysis of DEGs were performed to compare differences between groups. Six important DEGs about immune regulation-CD86, TLR2, DC-SIGN, Capase3, PD-L2, and IL-7r were selected, and their transcription levels at different stages of schistosomisis were validated by qPCR. The Venn diagram of DEGs implied some genes are functional at all stages during S. japonicum infection, while others are only involved at certain stages. GO and KEGG pathway annotations indicated that these DEGs mainly belong to biological regulation, regulation of biological process, regulation of cellular process, antigen processing and presentation, cell adhesion molecules, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and Toll-like receptor signaling. Cluster analysis revealed immune regulation existed in splenic DCs. The results above indicated that the mechanisms underlying immune regulation to S. japonicum infection in mice are very complex. The present high-throughput dynamic analysis of DEGs in splenic DCs provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying immune regulation in S. japonicum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qingzhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Li He
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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13
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Preparation and highlighted applications of magnetic microparticles and nanoparticles: a review on recent advances. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-1928-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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El-Moslemany RM, Eissa MM, Ramadan AA, El-Khordagui LK, El-Azzouni MZ. Miltefosine lipid nanocapsules: Intersection of drug repurposing and nanotechnology for single dose oral treatment of pre-patent schistosomiasis mansoni. Acta Trop 2016; 159:142-8. [PMID: 27039667 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A dual drug repurposing/nanotechnological approach was used to develop an alternative oral treatment for schistosomiasis mansoni using miltefosine (MFS), an anticancer alkylphosphocholine, and lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) as oral nanovectors. We demonstrated earlier that MFS possesses significant activity against different developmental stages of Schistosoma mansoni in the mouse model using 5 successive 20mg/kg/day oral doses. Moreover, an effective single dose (20mg/kg) oral treatment against the adult stage of S. mansoni in mice was developed using LNCs, particularly modified with CTAB, a positive charge imparting agent (MFS-LNC-CTAB(+)), or oleic acid as membrane permeabilizer (MFS-LNC-OA). Efficacy enhancement involved, at least in part, targeting of the worm tegument with MFS-LNCs as a new therapeutic entity. As the tegument surface charge and composition may differ in pre-patent stages of the parasite, it was of importance in the present study to assess the efficacy of a single oral dose of the two MFS-LNC formulations against invasive and immature stages for potential advantage relative to praziquantel. Results indicated potent schistosomicidal effects against both invasive and immature stages of S. mansoni in infected mice, efficacy being both formulation and developmental stage dependent. This was indicated by the significant reduction in the total worm burden of the invasive stage by 91.6% and 76.8% and the immature stage by 82.7% and 96.7% for MFS-LNC-CTAB+ and MFS-LNC-OA, respectively. Histopathological findings indicated amelioration of hepatic pathology with regression of the granulomatous inflammatory reaction and reduction in granulomas number and size, verifying marked improvement in architecture of hepatic lobules. From a clinical perspective, MFS-LNCs offer potential as an alternative single oral dose nanomedicine with a wide therapeutic profile for the mass chemotherapy of schistosomiasis mansoni.
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Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a major neglected tropical disease that afflicts more than 240 million people, including many children and young adults, in the tropics and subtropics. The disease is characterized by chronic infections with significant residual morbidity and is of considerable public health importance, with substantial socioeconomic impacts on impoverished communities. Morbidity reduction and eventual elimination through integrated intervention measures are the focuses of current schistosomiasis control programs. Precise diagnosis of schistosome infections, in both mammalian and snail intermediate hosts, will play a pivotal role in achieving these goals. Nevertheless, despite extensive efforts over several decades, the search for sensitive and specific diagnostics for schistosomiasis is ongoing. Here we review the area, paying attention to earlier approaches but emphasizing recent developments in the search for new diagnostics for schistosomiasis with practical applications in the research laboratory, the clinic, and the field. Careful and rigorous validation of these assays and their cost-effectiveness will be needed, however, prior to their adoption in support of policy decisions for national public health programs aimed at the control and elimination of schistosomiasis.
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