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Doolan R, Putananickal N, Tritten L, Bouchery T. How to train your myeloid cells: a way forward for helminth vaccines? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1163364. [PMID: 37325618 PMCID: PMC10266106 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1163364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil-transmitted helminths affect approximately 1.5 billion people worldwide. However, as no vaccine is currently available for humans, the current strategy for elimination as a public health problem relies on preventive chemotherapy. Despite more than 20 years of intense research effort, the development of human helminth vaccines (HHVs) has not yet come to fruition. Current vaccine development focuses on peptide antigens that trigger strong humoral immunity, with the goal of generating neutralizing antibodies against key parasite molecules. Notably, this approach aims to reduce the pathology of infection, not worm burden, with only partial protection observed in laboratory models. In addition to the typical translational hurdles that vaccines struggle to overcome, HHVs face several challenges (1): helminth infections have been associated with poor vaccine responses in endemic countries, probably due to the strong immunomodulation caused by these parasites, and (2) the target population displays pre-existing type 2 immune responses to helminth products, increasing the likelihood of adverse events such as allergy or anaphylaxis. We argue that such traditional vaccines are unlikely to be successful on their own and that, based on laboratory models, mucosal and cellular-based vaccines could be a way to move forward in the fight against helminth infection. Here, we review the evidence for the role of innate immune cells, specifically the myeloid compartment, in controlling helminth infections. We explore how the parasite may reprogram myeloid cells to avoid killing, notably using excretory/secretory (ES) proteins and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Finally, learning from the field of tuberculosis, we will discuss how anti-helminth innate memory could be harnessed in a mucosal-trained immunity-based vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory Doolan
- Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Namitha Putananickal
- Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lucienne Tritten
- Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tiffany Bouchery
- Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Pakharukova MY, Mordvinov VA. Similarities and differences among the Opisthorchiidae liver flukes: insights from Opisthorchis felineus. Parasitology 2022; 149:1306-1318. [PMID: 35570685 PMCID: PMC11010525 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182022000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The foodborne liver trematode Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1884) is a member of the triad of phylogenetically related epidemiologically important Opisthorchiidae trematodes, which also includes O. viverrini (Poirier, 1886) and Clonorchis sinensis (Loos, 1907). Despite similarity in the life cycle, Opisthorchiidae liver flukes also have marked differences. Two species (O. viverrini and C. sinensis) are recognized as Group 1A biological carcinogens, whereas O. felineus belongs to Group 3A. In this review, we focus on these questions: Are there actual differences in carcinogenicity among these 3 liver fluke species? Is there an explanation for these differences? We provide a recent update of our knowledge on the liver fluke O. felineus and highlight its differences from O. viverrini and C. sinensis. In particular, we concentrate on differences in the climate of endemic areas, characteristics of the life cycle, the range of intermediate hosts, genomic and transcriptomic features of the pathogens, and clinical symptoms and morbidity of the infections in humans. The discussion of these questions can stimulate new developments in comparative studies on the pathogenicity of liver flukes and should help to identify species-specific features of opisthorchiasis and clonorchiasis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Y. Pakharukova
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics (ICG), Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 10 Akad. Lavrentieva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Viatcheslav A. Mordvinov
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics (ICG), Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 10 Akad. Lavrentieva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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3
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Avgustinovich DF, Tenditnik MV, Bondar NP, Marenina MK, Zhanaeva SY, Lvova MN, Katokhin AV, Pavlov KS, Evseenko VI, Tolstikova TG. Behavioral effects and inflammatory markers in the brain and periphery after repeated social defeat stress burdened by Opisthorchis felineus infection in mice. Physiol Behav 2022; 252:113846. [PMID: 35594930 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The combination of 4-week repeated social defeat stress (RSDS) and Opisthorchis felineus infection was modeled in C57BL/6 mice. Various parameters were compared between three experimental groups of male mice (SS: mice subjected to RSDS, OF: mice infected with O. felineus, and OF + SS: mice subjected to both adverse factors) and behavior-tested and intact (INT) controls. The combination caused liver hypertrophy and increased the blood level of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 and proteolytic activity of cathepsin B in the hippocampus. Meanwhile, hypertrophy of the spleen and of adrenal glands was noticeable. Anxious behavior in the elevated plus-maze test was predominantly due to the infection, with synergistic effects of an interaction of the two adverse factors on multiple parameters in OF + SS mice. Depression-like behavior in the forced swimming test was caused only by RSDS and was equally pronounced in SS mice and OF + SS mice. Helminths attenuated the activities of cathepsin B in the liver and hypothalamus (which were high in SS mice) and increased cathepsin L activity in the liver. The highest blood level of corticosterone was seen in SS mice but was decreased to control levels by the trematode infection. OF mice had the lowest level of corticosterone, comparable to that in INT mice. Thus, the first data were obtained on the ability of O. felineus helminths-even at the immature stage-to modulate the effects of RSDS, thereby affecting functional connections of the host, namely "helminths → liver↔brain axis."
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Affiliation(s)
- Damira F Avgustinovich
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Prospekt Lavrentyeva, 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Group of Mechanochemistry of Organic Substances, Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Mikhail V Tenditnik
- Laboratory of Experimental Models of Neurodegenerative Processes, Scientific-Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalia P Bondar
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Prospekt Lavrentyeva, 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mariya K Marenina
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Laboratory of Pharmacological Research, N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana Ya Zhanaeva
- Department of Psychoneuroimmunology, Scientific-Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maria N Lvova
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Prospekt Lavrentyeva, 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alexey V Katokhin
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Prospekt Lavrentyeva, 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Konstantin S Pavlov
- Laboratory of Experimental Models of Neurodegenerative Processes, Scientific-Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Veronica I Evseenko
- Group of Mechanochemistry of Organic Substances, Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana G Tolstikova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Laboratory of Pharmacological Research, N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Bennett APS, Robinson MW. Trematode Proteomics: Recent Advances and Future Directions. Pathogens 2021; 10:348. [PMID: 33809501 PMCID: PMC7998542 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Trematodes cause disease in millions of people worldwide, but the absence of commercial vaccines has led to an over-reliance on a handful of monotherapies to control infections. Since drug-resistant fluke populations are emerging, a deeper understanding of parasite biology and host interactions is required to identify new drug targets and immunogenic vaccine candidates. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics represents a key tool to that end. Recent studies have capitalised on the wider availability of annotated helminth genomes to achieve greater coverage of trematode proteomes and discover new aspects of the host-parasite relationship. This review focusses on these latest advances. These include how the protein components of fluke extracellular vesicles have given insight into their biogenesis and cellular interactions. In addition, how the integration of transcriptome/proteome datasets has revealed that the expression and secretion of selected families of liver fluke virulence factors and immunomodulators are regulated in accordance with parasite development and migration within the mammalian host. Furthermore, we discuss the use of immunoproteomics as a tool to identify vaccine candidates associated with protective antibody responses. Finally, we highlight how established and emerging technologies, such as laser microdissection and single-cell proteomics, could be exploited to resolve the protein profiles of discrete trematode tissues or cell types which, in combination with functional tools, could pinpoint optimal targets for fluke control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark W. Robinson
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK;
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Mladineo I, Hrabar J, Vidjak O, Bočina I, Čolak S, Katharios P, Cascarano MC, Keklikoglou K, Volpatti D, Beraldo P. Host-Parasite Interaction between Parasitic Cymothoid Ceratothoa oestroides and Its Host, Farmed European Sea Bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax). Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9030230. [PMID: 32244948 PMCID: PMC7157214 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic isopod Ceratothoa oestroides (Cymothoidea, Isopoda) is a common and generalist buccal cavity-dweller in marine fish, recognised for its detrimental effect in fingerling and juvenile farmed European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Although distributed throughout the Mediterranean, the isopod provokes acute outbreaks mainly limited to particular endemic areas in Croatia (Adriatic Sea) and Greece (Aegean Sea). While numerous studies have previously evidenced its gross effect on farmed fish (i.e. decreased condition index, slower growth rate, lethargy and mortality), details on the host-parasite interaction are still lacking. Therefore, using a multimethodological approach, we closely examined the structure and appearance of isopod body parts acting in the attachment and feeding (stereomicroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy), and the extent of host tissues damage (histology, immunohistochemistry, micro-computational tomography) induced by parasitation. Interestingly, while hematophagous nature of the parasite has been previously postulated we found no unambiguous data to support this; we observed host tissues fragmentation and extensive hyperplasia at the parasitation site, and no structures indicative of heme detoxifying mechanisms in the parasite gut, or other traces of a blood meal. The bacterial biofilm covering C. oestroides mouthparts and pereopods suggests that the isopod may play a role in conveying secondary pathogens to the infected host, or alternatively, it serves the parasite in normal interaction with its environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivona Mladineo
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, 21000 Split, Croatia; (J.H.); (O.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-21-408-047
| | - Jerko Hrabar
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, 21000 Split, Croatia; (J.H.); (O.V.)
| | - Olja Vidjak
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, 21000 Split, Croatia; (J.H.); (O.V.)
| | - Ivana Bočina
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | | | - Pantelis Katharios
- Hellenic Center for Marine Research, Heraklion, 712 01 Crete, Greece; (P.K.); (M.C.C.); (K.K.)
| | - Maria Chiara Cascarano
- Hellenic Center for Marine Research, Heraklion, 712 01 Crete, Greece; (P.K.); (M.C.C.); (K.K.)
| | - Kleoniki Keklikoglou
- Hellenic Center for Marine Research, Heraklion, 712 01 Crete, Greece; (P.K.); (M.C.C.); (K.K.)
| | - Donatella Volpatti
- Section of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (D.V.); (P.B.)
| | - Paola Beraldo
- Section of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (D.V.); (P.B.)
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Saposin-like proteins in Opisthorchis felineus and related opisthorchids. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 78:104132. [PMID: 31805380 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Saposin B domain-containing or saposin-like proteins (SAPs, SAPLIPs) have been described as lipid/membrane-binding and often show antibacterial and cytolytic activity. Members of this protein family are present in phylogenetically distant organisms, pointing to their functional importance. Several SAPs are found in trematodes and some of them apparently are related to host-parasite interaction as they show cytolytic activity or immunogenicity. In the present study, we search for SAP genes of Opisthorchis felineus, Clonorchis sinensis and O. viverrini, compare and analyze their structure and expression patterns. We define three orthologous groups of SAPs in opisthorchids and suggest a unique protein motif with unknown function in one group of orthologs.
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Saltykova IV, Ittiprasert W, Nevskaya KV, Dorofeeva YB, Kirillova NA, Kulikov ES, Ivanov VV, Mann VH, Pershina AG, Brindley PJ. Hemozoin From the Liver Fluke, Opisthorchis felineus, Modulates Dendritic Cell Responses in Bronchial Asthma Patients. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:332. [PMID: 31750318 PMCID: PMC6843058 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: There is a general, inverse relationship between helminth infection and allergic diseases including bronchial asthma (BA). Proteins and other mediators released from parasitic worms exert cogent downmodulation of atopic and other allergic reactivity. We investigated the immune activities of an immortalized murine dendritic cell (mDC) line (JAWSII) and of primary human dendritic cells (hDCs) collected from study participants with and without BA after Opisthorchis felineus hemozoin (OfHz) treatment. Methods and Results:in vitro, expression of lymphocyte-activating factors—T helper 1 (Th1) induction and anti-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), IL-10, and IL-12β–increased significantly in mDCs pulsed with OfHz. In parallel, primary dendritic cells (hDC) from cases clinically diagnosed with BA along with healthy controls were exposed ex vivo to OfHz in combination with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Whereas no significant change in the cellular maturation markers, CD83, CD86, and CD40, was apparent in BA vs. healthy hDC, pulsing hDC from BA with OfHz with LPS induced significant increases in expression of IL-10 and IL-12β, although not of TNF-α or tumor growth factor-beta (TGF-β). Conclusions: Liver fluke hemozoin OfHz stimulated production of Th1 inducer and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-12β from BA-hDC pulsed with OfHz, an outcome that enhances our understanding of the mechanisms whereby opisthorchiasis contributes to protection against the atopic disease in liver fluke infection-endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Saltykova
- Central Research Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia.,Department of General Practice and Polyclinic Therapy, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Wannaporn Ittiprasert
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Kseniya V Nevskaya
- Central Research Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Yulia B Dorofeeva
- Central Research Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Natalia A Kirillova
- Department of General Practice and Polyclinic Therapy, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniy S Kulikov
- Central Research Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Ivanov
- Central Research Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Victoria H Mann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Paul J Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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Avgustinovich D, Tsyganov M, Vishnivetskaya G, Kovner A, Sorokina I, Orlovskaya I, Toporkova L, Goiman E, Tolstikova T, Dushkin A, Lyakhov N, Mordvinov V. Effects of supramolecular complexation of praziquantel with disodium glycyrrhizinate on the liver fluke Opisthorchis felineus: An in vitro and in vivo study. Acta Trop 2019; 194:1-12. [PMID: 30871990 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide have a chronic infection with the liver fluke Opisthorchis felineus, which causes opisthorchiasis in humans and animals. The only known effective drug for this disease is praziquantel (PrzQ); however, its efficacy is below 100%, and it has some adverse effects. In this study, a water-soluble complex of PrzQ with a disodium salt of glycyrrhizic acid (disodium glycyrrhizinate; Na2GA) in a 1:10 ratio (PrzQ:GA) allowed the PrzQ dose to be decreased 11-fold for effective killing of O. felineus. An in vitro experiment showed a sufficient anthelmintic efficiency of PrzQ:GA against both adult and juvenile O. felineus individuals. A Syrian golden hamster model of opisthorchiasis revealed a considerable anthelmintic effect at all tested PrzQ:GA doses (50, 100, 200, 400, and 1100 mg/kg) with the best performance at 400 and 1100 mg/kg. Further comparison of the effects of PrzQ (400 mg/kg) and PrzQ:GA (400 mg/kg) regarding the state of the host indicated significant advantages of the latter. Histological examination showed that PrzQ:GA was better at decreasing the O. felineus-induced inflammatory infiltration (as compared with PrzQ alone) as well as interfered with the development of epithelial dysplasia and metaplasia in large bile ducts and cholangiofibrosis. Both PrzQ and PrzQ:GA decreased the number of myeloid (CFU-GM) and erythroid (BFU-E + CFU-E) colonies induced by O. felineus infection. The drugs had no negative effect on the animal behavior in an open field test 2-4 h after administration. Thus, PrzQ:GA proved to be a good anthelmintic agent having no evident adverse effects on the host, thereby suggesting that further preclinical and clinical trials would be warranted.
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Christner M, Frickmann H, Klupp E, Rohde H, Kono M, Tannich E, Poppert S. Insufficient sensitivity of laser desorption-time of flight mass spectrometry-based detection of hemozoin for malaria screening. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 160:104-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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10
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What is pure hemozoin? A close look at the surface of the malaria pigment. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 194:214-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Social defeat stress exacerbates the blood abnormalities in Opisthorchis felineus-infected mice. Exp Parasitol 2018; 193:33-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Vallochi AL, Teixeira L, Oliveira KDS, Maya-Monteiro CM, Bozza PT. Lipid Droplet, a Key Player in Host-Parasite Interactions. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1022. [PMID: 29875768 PMCID: PMC5974170 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (lipid bodies, LDs) are dynamic organelles that have important roles in regulating lipid metabolism, energy homeostasis, cell signaling, membrane trafficking, and inflammation. LD biogenesis, composition, and functions are highly regulated and may vary according to the stimuli, cell type, activation state, and inflammatory environment. Increased cytoplasmic LDs are frequently observed in leukocytes and other cells in a number of infectious diseases. Accumulating evidence reveals LDs participation in fundamental mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions, including cell signaling and immunity. LDs are sources of eicosanoid production, and may participate in different aspects of innate signaling and antigen presentation. In addition, intracellular pathogens evolved mechanisms to subvert host metabolism and may use host LDs, as ways of immune evasion and nutrients source. Here, we review mechanisms of LDs biogenesis and their contributions to the infection progress, and discuss the latest discoveries on mechanisms and pathways involving LDs roles as regulators of the immune response to protozoan infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Lima Vallochi
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Patricia T. Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Pershina AG, Ivanov VV, Efimova LV, Shevelev OB, Vtorushin SV, Perevozchikova TV, Sazonov AE, Ogorodova LM. Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy for differential assessment of liver abnormalities induced by Opisthorchis felineus in an animal model. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005778. [PMID: 28708894 PMCID: PMC5529022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND European liver fluke Opisthorchis felineus, causing opisthorchiasis disease, is widespread in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and sporadically detected in the EU countries. O. felineus infection leads to hepatobiliary pathological changes, cholangitis, fibrosis and, in severe cases, malignant transformation of bile ducts. Due to absence of specific symptoms, the infection is frequently neglected for a long period. The association of opisthorchiasis with almost incurable bile duct cancer and rising international migration of people that increases the risk of the parasitic etiology of liver fibrosis in non-endemic regions determine high demand for development of approaches to opisthorchiasis detection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In vivo magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy (MRI and MRS) were applied for differential assessment of hepatic abnormalities induced by O. felineus in an experimental animal model. Correlations of the MR-findings with the histological data as well as the data of the biochemical analysis of liver tissue were found. MRI provides valuable information about the severity of liver impairments induced by opisthorchiasis. An MR image of O. felineus infected liver has a characteristic pattern that differs from that of closely related liver fluke infections. 1H and 31P MRS in combination with biochemical analysis data showed that O. felineus infection disturbed hepatic metabolism of the host, which was accompanied by cholesterol accumulation in the liver. CONCLUSIONS A non-invasive approach based on the magnetic resonance technique is very advantageous and may be successfully used not only for diagnosing and evaluating liver damage induced by O. felineus, but also for investigating metabolic changes arising in the infected organ. Since damages induced by the liver fluke take place in different liver lobes, MRI has the potential to overcome liver biopsy sampling variability that limits predictive validity of biopsy analysis for staging liver fluke-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra G. Pershina
- Central Research Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Vladimir V. Ivanov
- Central Research Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Lina V. Efimova
- Central Research Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Oleg B. Shevelev
- Center for Genetic Resources of Laboratory Animals, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Vtorushin
- Central Research Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | - Alexey E. Sazonov
- Central Research Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
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Avgustinovich DF, Orlovskaya IA, Toporkova LB, Vishnivetskaya GB, Katokhin AV, Lvova MN, Kashina EV, Bondar NP, Feofanova NA, Mordvinov VA. Experimental opisthorchiasis: Study of blood cell composition, hematopoiesis, and startle reflex in laboratory animals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079059717010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kuter D, Mohunlal R, Fitzroy SM, Asher C, Smith PJ, Egan TJ, de Villiers KA. Insights into the initial stages of lipid-mediated haemozoin nucleation. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce00866f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-mediated haemozoin nucleation, as probed by molecular dynamics, proceeds via aggregation of ferrihaem π–π dimers at a lipid–aqueous interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kuter
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science
- Stellenbosch University
- Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Roxanne Mohunlal
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cape Town
- Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Sharné-Maré Fitzroy
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science
- Stellenbosch University
- Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Constance Asher
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cape Town
- Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Peter J. Smith
- Division of Pharmacology
- Department of Medicine
- University of Cape Town Medical School
- Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Timothy J. Egan
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cape Town
- Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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