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Andreu-Ballester JC, Cuéllar C, Colmena-Zaragoza J, Galindo-Regal L, Hurtado-Marcos C, González-Fernández J, Balciscueta Z, García-Ballesteros C, López-Chuliá F, Jiménez AI, Llombart-Cussac A. Anti-Anisakis antibodies in colon cancer patients and their relationship with γδ T-cells. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:196. [PMID: 38662084 PMCID: PMC11045616 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08216-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Many pathogens are related to carcinogenesis. Chronic inflammation, as a result of persistent infection, leads to DNA damage, higher expression of oncogenes, decreased apoptosis and immunosuppression, which are some of the reasons for cancer induction. Among parasites, Schistosoma, Opistorchis and Clonorchis are recognised as infectious agents which contribute to cancer. A relationship between Anisakis and cancer was hypothesised because cellular responses to Anisakis products could result in inflammation and DNA damage. Previous research has shown a decrease in CD8+ γδ T-cells and an increase in αβ and γδ T-cell apoptosis in colon cancer (CC) samples. Ninety-two CC patients and 60 healthy subjects were recruited. γδ and αβ T-cells were analysed, and their apoptosis was evaluated. Anti-Anisakis antibodies were tested in sera from CC patients and controls. Anti-Anisakis IgG, IgM, IgA and IgE antibodies were significantly higher in CC patients. A significant increase in anti-Anisakis IgA levels was observed in patients with angiolymphatic invasion. The number of all γδ T-cells, as well as CD3+ CD4+ αβ T-cells, was significantly lower in CC patients. The apoptosis of all T-cells was significantly increased in patients with CC. We observed a significantly higher percentage of anti-Anisakis IgE positive patients having a deficit of CD3+ γδ T-cells. Our results suggest a relationship between Anisakis and CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Andreu-Ballester
- FISABIO Foundation-Public Health of Valencia, Spain and Parasitic Immunobiology and Immunomodulation Research Group (INMUNOPAR), Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Cuéllar
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | - Juan González-Fernández
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Ana I Jiménez
- Pathology Department, Arnau de Vilanova Hospital, Valencia, Spain
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González-Fernández J, Ullate L, Fernández-Fígares V, Rodero M, Daschner A, Cuéllar C. Serum IgA contributes to the comprehension of Anisakis simplex associated chronic urticaria. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111602. [PMID: 38330800 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The phenotype of allergic diseases associated with Anisakis determines the pattern of cytokines related to antibody production. However, the role of serum IgA and the immunomodulatory mechanisms exerted by active infection of L3 or passive mucosal contact with A. simplex specific antigens has not been studied before. We measured serum cytokine by flow cytometry (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17A, TGF-β1) and antibody levels (IgE, IgG4, IgA) by ELISA against total and excretory-secretory (ES) antigens, Ani s 3,and the group of major allergens Ani s 1, Ani s 7, and Ani s 13 in sera from 10 patients with gastro-allergic anisakiasis (GAA), 11 Anisakis sensitization associated chronic urticaria (CU+) as well as 17 non-Anisakis-sensitized patients with chronic urticaria (CU-), compared with the urticaria control group (18 subjects). Specific IgE, IgG4 and IgA were high in the GAA, but IgA levels were significantly higher in the CU+ with respect the CONTROL group. We observed higher levels of the ratio IgA/IgG4 in CU+ than GAA group for Ani s 1, Ani s 7, Ani s 13 and ES. Furthermore, chronic urticaria (CU) patients showed significant lower levels of IL-10, IFN-γ and IL-17A than patients without CU. The anti-Ani s 13 IgA/IgG4 ratio correlated positively with pro-inflammatory cytokines and ratios (TNF-α, IL-17A, Th17/Th2, Type1/Type2 and TNF-α/IL-10) in CONTROL group. In general, Anti-Anisakis IgA/G4 ratio was high in CU patients. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the importance of serum IgA because it is associated with chronic urticaria independently of Anisakis sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan González-Fernández
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Ullate
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Fernández-Fígares
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Rodero
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Daschner
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)- Servicio de Alergia, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Cuéllar
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Qiu L, Zhang Y, Zeng X. The function of γδ T cells in humoral immune responses. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:747-755. [PMID: 36799949 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01704-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of γδ T cells played in humoral immune responses. BACKGROUND The γδ T cell receptor (γδ TCR) recognizes antigens, including haptens and proteins, in an MHC-independent manner. The recognition of these antigens by γδ TCRs crosses antigen recognition by the B cell receptors (BCRs), suggesting that γδ T cells may be involved in the process of antigen recognition and activation of B cells. However, the role of γδ T cells in humoral immune responses is still less clear. METHODS The kinds of literature about the γδ T cell-B cell interaction were searched on PubMed with search terms, such as γδ T cells, antibody, B cell responses, antigen recognition, and infection. RESULTS Accumulating evidence indicates that γδ T cells, independent of αβ T cells, participate in multiple steps of humoral immunity, including B cell maturation, activation and differentiation, antibody production and class switching. Mechanically, γδ T cells affect B cell function by directly interacting with B cells, secreting cytokines, or modulating αβ T cells. CONCLUSION In this review, we summarize current knowledge on how γδ T cells take part in the humoral immune response, which may assist future vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Cuéllar C, Rodero M, Pérez-Griera J, Galindo-Regal L, Lopez-Chulia F, García-Ballesteros C, Carlos Andreu-Ballester J. Association between anti-Anisakis simplex antibodies and interleukin-7 levels. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109134. [PMID: 35964412 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
IL-7 is a crucial factor for the development of lymphocytes, and it is absolutely necessary for γδ T cells. Mice deficient in L-7 have a deficit of B and αβ T lymphocytes, and an absence of mature γδ TCR cells. IL-7 is essential for the survival, development and maturation of Schistosoma sp., although its production is associated with protection against intestinal helminths. The presence of anti-Anisakis simplex antibodies, especially IgA, is related to a lower frequency in CD3 + CD56 + αβ + lymphocytes and all subpopulations of γδ T cells. In this work, the relationship of IL-7 with humoral and cellular responses against A. simplex in 100 healthy subjects was studied. We have found significantly higher IL-7 levels in anti-A. simplex IgA-positive subjects (p < 0.001). The positivity of anti-A. simplex IgA was associated with a significant reduction in the frequency of CD3 + αβ+ (p < 0.01), CD3 + CD4 + αβ+, CD3 + CD8 + αβ+, CD3 + CD56 + αβ+, CD3 + γδ+, CD3 + CD4-CD8-γδ+ and CD3 + CD56 + γδ+ (p < 0.05) cells. In the case of NKT cells, this same phenomenon was also associated with IgE positivity. There was a weak inverse correlation (Spearman) of IL-7 levels with the frequencies of CD3 + CD4 + αβ+ (-0.125, p = 0.047), CD3 + CD8 + αβ+ (-0.204, p = 0.032), CD3 + CD56 + αβ+ (-0.247, p = 0.007), CD3 + γδ+ (-0.267, p = 0.007), CD3 + CD4-CD8-γδ+ (-0.266, p = 0.003), and CD3 + CD8 + γδ + (-0.302, p = 0.002) cells. The role of NKT cells in the anti-A. simplex response was confirmed and an association between IL and 7 levels and specific antibodies, especially IgA, was demonstrated. The higher production of IL-7 would represent a compensatory mechanism in response to the reduction in lymphocyte populations associated with the response against this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Cuéllar
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Rodero
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Pérez-Griera
- Departamento de Biopatología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Lorena Galindo-Regal
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, 46015 Valencia, Spain
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Wang X, Li W, Zhu D, Zhao H, Chen P, Chen X. Characterization of human peripheral blood γδ T cells in patients with sepsis. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:3698-3706. [PMID: 32346434 PMCID: PMC7185150 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In total, 30 cases of patients undergoing health check-ups with the diagnostic criteria of sepsis were included in the present study. The clinical data of each patient with sepsis were recorded at admission. In the present study, the association between the proportion of T cells in patients with sepsis and those in a healthy condition were observed. The expression of immunosuppressive molecules on the surface of Vδ1 T cells were examined, as well as studying the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in Vδ2 T cells, and the ability of the Vδ1 T cells to inhibit the secretory level of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and the inflammatory function of Vδ2 T cells were monitored. The inhibition of proliferation of naïve CD4 T cells by Vδ1 T cells and inflammatory function of Vδ2 T cells were examined. The number of Vδ1 T cells in the peripheral blood of patients with sepsis was significantly increased compared with healthy controls (P<0.01); the proportion of Vδ2 T cells was opposite to that of Vδ1 T cells. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, survival and survival time were positively associated with Vδ1 T cell ratio (P<0.05) and negatively correlated with Vδ2 T cells. The expression of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 on the surface of Vδ1 T cells in the peripheral blood of patients with sepsis was significantly increased compared with the healthy controls (P<0.01), and the levels of IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α secreted by Vδ2 T cells were significantly decreased (P<0.01). The immunosuppressive function of Vδ1 T cells was significantly higher, and the function of Vδ2 T cells was significantly reduced (P<0.01). The phosphorylation level of Erk1/2 in Vδ2 T cells was significantly lower (P<0.01). The present results suggested that the imbalance and functional changes of different γδ T cell subtypes in the peripheral blood of patients with sepsis are associated with sepsis, and may be involved in sepsis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Wang
- Yueqing People's Hospital Laboratory, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325600, P.R. China
| | - Weijin Li
- Yueqing People's Hospital Laboratory, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325600, P.R. China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Yueqing People's Hospital Laboratory, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325600, P.R. China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Yueqing People's Hospital Laboratory, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325600, P.R. China
| | - Pu Chen
- Yueqing People's Hospital Laboratory, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325600, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoiun Chen
- Yueqing People's Hospital Laboratory, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325600, P.R. China
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