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Sarabeev V, Balbuena J, Jarosiewicz A, Voronova N, Sueiro R, Leiro J, Ovcharenko M. Disentangling the determinants of symbiotic species richness in native and invasive gammarids (Crustacea, Amphipoda) of the Baltic region. Int J Parasitol 2023; 53:305-316. [PMID: 37004736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Dispersal of alien species is a global problem threatening native biodiversity. Co-introduction of non-native parasites and pathogens adds to the severity of this threat, but this indirect impact has received less attention. To shed light on the key factors determining the richness of microorganisms in native and invasive host species, we compared symbiotic (parasitic and epibiotic) communities of gammarids across different habitats and localities along the Baltic coast of Poland. Seven gammarid species, two native and five invasive, were sampled from 16 freshwater and brackish localities. Sixty symbiotic species of microorganisms of nine phyla were identified. This taxonomically diverse species assemblage of symbionts allowed us to assess the effect of host translocation and regional ecological determinants driving assembly richness in the gammarid hosts. Our results revealed that (i) the current assemblages of symbionts of gammarid hosts in the Baltic region are formed by native and co-introduced species; (ii) species richness of the symbiotic community was higher in the native Gammarus pulex than in the invasive hosts, probably reflecting a process of species loss by invasive gammarids in the new area and the distinct habitat conditions occupied by G. pulex and invasive hosts; (iii) both host species and locality were key drivers shaping assembly composition of symbionts, whereas habitat condition (freshwater versus brackish) was a stronger determinant of communities than geographic distance; (iv) the dispersion patterns of the individual species richness of symbiotic communities were best described by Poisson distributions; in the case of an invasive host, the dispersion of the rich species diversity may switch to a right-skewed negative binomial distribution, suggesting a host-mediated regulation process. We believe this is the first analysis of the symbiotic species richness in native and invasive gammarid hosts in European waters based on original field data and a broad range of taxonomic groups including Microsporidia, Choanozoa, Ciliophora, Apicomplexa, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Nematomorha, Acanthocephala and Rotifera, to document the patterns of species composition and distribution.
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De Benedetto G, Capparucci F, Natale S, Savoca S, Riolo K, Gervasi C, Albano M, Giannetto A, Gaglio G, Iaria C. Morphological and Molecular Identification of Mullet Helminth Parasite Fauna from Ganzirri Lagoon (Sicily, Southern Italy). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050847. [PMID: 36899704 PMCID: PMC10000164 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mullets (Osteichthyes: Mugilidae) are a euryhaline species widely distributed all over the world, thus representing an excellent study model for host-parasite interactions. From March to June 2022, 150 mullets, belonging to Chelon labrosus (n = 99), Chelon auratus (n = 37), and Oedalechilus labeo (n = 14) species, were caught to identify the helminth parasite fauna of the different mullet species present in the Ganzirri Lagoon (Messina, Sicily, Italy). A parasitological evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) was carried out with a total worm count technique (TWC) to detect helminth presence. All collected parasites were stored in 70% ethanol until morphological evaluation, and frozen at -80 °C for subsequent molecular analysis, using 28S, ITS-2, 18S primers. The morphological evaluation allowed for the identification Acanthocephalan parasites (Neoechinorhynchus agilis) from two C. labrosus specimens. Sixty-six samples were positive for adult digenean trematodes (C. labrosus, 49.5 %; C. auratus, 27%, and O. labeo, 50%), molecularly identified as Haploporus benedeni. This study represents the first survey of helminthic parasite fauna of mullets from the south of Italy. The presence of Hydrobia sp. in the stomach contents of mullets allowed us to infer the H. benedeni life cycle in the Ganzirri lagoon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabiano Capparucci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Sabrina Natale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Serena Savoca
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Kristian Riolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Claudio Gervasi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Albano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Giannetto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriella Gaglio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Iaria
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Llopis-Belenguer C, Balbuena JA, Blasco-Costa I, Karvonen A, Sarabeev V, Jokela J. Sensitivity of bipartite network analyses to incomplete sampling and taxonomic uncertainty. Ecology 2023; 104:e3974. [PMID: 36691292 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bipartite network analysis is a powerful tool to study the processes structuring interactions in ecological communities. In applying the method, it is assumed that the sampled interactions provide an accurate representation of the actual community. However, acquiring a representative sample may be difficult as not all species are equally abundant or easily identifiable. Two potential sampling issues can compromise the conclusions of bipartite network analyses: failure to capture the full range of interactions (sampling completeness) and use of a taxonomic level higher than species to evaluate the network (taxonomic resolution). We asked how commonly used descriptors of bipartite antagonistic communities (modularity, nestedness, connectance, and specialization [H2 ']) are affected by reduced host sampling completeness, parasite taxonomic resolution, and their crossed effect, as they are likely to co-occur. We used a quantitative niche model to generate weighted bipartite networks that resembled natural host-parasite communities. The descriptors were more sensitive to uncertainty in parasite taxonomic resolution than to host sampling completeness. When only 10% of parasite taxonomic resolution was retained, modularity and specialization decreased by ~76% and ~12%, respectively, and nestedness and connectance increased by ~114% and ~345% respectively. The loss of taxonomic resolution led to a wide range of possible communities, which made it difficult to predict its effects on a given network. With regards to host sampling completeness, standardized nestedness, connectance, and specialization were robust, whereas modularity was sensitive (~30% decrease). The combination of both sampling issues had an additive effect on modularity. In communities with low effort for both sampling issues (50%-10% of sampling completeness and taxonomic resolution), estimators of modularity, and nestedness could not be distinguished from those of random assemblages. Thus, the categorical description of communities with low sampling effort (e.g., if a community is modular or not) should be done with caution. We recommend evaluating both sampling completeness and taxonomic certainty when conducting bipartite network analyses. Care should also be exercised when using nonrobust descriptors (the four descriptors for parasite taxonomic resolution; modularity for host sampling completeness) when sampling issues are likely to affect a dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Llopis-Belenguer
- Institute of Integrative Biology, D-USYS, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Aquatic Ecology, EAWAG, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Juan Antonio Balbuena
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Blasco-Costa
- Department of Invertebrates, Natural History Museum of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anssi Karvonen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Volodimir Sarabeev
- Department of Biology, Zaporizhzhia National University, Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine.,Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jukka Jokela
- Institute of Integrative Biology, D-USYS, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Aquatic Ecology, EAWAG, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Acosta AA, Hadfield KA, Smit NJ. First record from the southern hemisphere: significant range extension, new host record and molecular characterisation of Ligophorus minimus Euzet et Suriano, 1977 (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae). AFRICAN ZOOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2022.2078167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aline A Acosta
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Kerry A Hadfield
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Nico J Smit
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Chugunova YK, Ieshko EP. The Structure of Parasite Communities in the European Perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) in the Initial Period of the Formation of Boguchanskoe Reservoir. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022030062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Sarabeev V, Balbuena JA, Desdevises Y, Morand S. Host-parasite relationships in invasive species: macroecological framework. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Williams MA, Faiad S, Claar DC, French B, Leslie KL, Oven E, Guerra AS, Micheli F, Zgliczynski BJ, Haupt AJ, Sandin SA, Wood CL. Life history mediates the association between parasite abundance and geographic features. J Anim Ecol 2022; 91:996-1009. [PMID: 35332535 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Though parasites are ubiquitous in marine ecosystems, predicting the abundance of parasites present within marine ecosystems has proven challenging due to the unknown effects of multiple interacting environmental gradients and stressors. Furthermore, parasites often are considered as a uniform group within ecosystems despite their significant diversity. We aim to determine the potential importance of multiple predictors of parasite abundance in coral reef ecosystems, including reef area, island area, human population density, chlorophyll-a, host diversity, coral cover, host abundance, and island isolation. Using a model selection approach within a database of more than 1200 individual fish hosts and their parasites from 11 islands within the Pacific Line Islands archipelago, we reveal that geographic gradients, including island area and island isolation, emerged as the best predictors of parasite abundance. Life history moderated the relationship; parasites with complex life cycles increased in abundance with increasing island isolation, while parasites with direct life cycles decreased with increasing isolation. Direct life cycle parasites increased in abundance with increasing island area, though complex life cycle parasite abundance was not associated with island area. This novel analysis of a unique dataset indicates that parasite abundance in marine systems cannot be predicted precisely without accounting for the independent and interactive effects of each parasite's life history and environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen A Williams
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Biology, McDaniel College, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sara Faiad
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Danielle C Claar
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Beverly French
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Katie L Leslie
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Emily Oven
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ana Sofia Guerra
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
| | - Fiorenza Micheli
- Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA.,Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
| | - Brian J Zgliczynski
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Alison J Haupt
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Marine Science, California State University Monterey Bay, Marina, CA, USA
| | - Stuart A Sandin
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Chelsea L Wood
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Krasnov BR, Vinarski MV, Korallo-Vinarskaya NP, Shenbrot GI, Khokhlova IS. Spatial and temporal variation of compositional, functional, and phylogenetic diversity in ectoparasite infracommunities harboured by small mammals. Parasitology 2021; 148:685-695. [PMID: 33583440 PMCID: PMC11010129 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021000299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We studied patterns of compositional, functional, and phylogenetic α- and β-diversity in flea and gamasid mite infracommunities of small Siberian mammals, taking into account host-associated (species) and environmental (biome or sampling period) factors. We asked: (a) How do these factors and their interactions affect infracommunity diversity? (b) Does infracommunity composition, in terms of species, traits, and phylogenetic lineages, deviate from random? (c) Are species, traits, and phylogenetic lineages in infracommunities clustered or overdispersed?, and (d) Do patterns of diversity differ between the three diversity facets and/or the two ectoparasite taxa? We found that the α-diversity of infracommunities was strongly affected by host species, biome, and sampling period. The highest proportion of infracommunity diversity in both taxa was associated with the interaction between either host species and biome or host species and sampling period. Infracommunities of both taxa within, as well as between, host species, biomes, and sampling periods were characterized by the clustering of species, traits and lineages. The patterns of the effects of host species, biome, and sampling period on infracommunity diversity were congruent among the three diversity facets in both fleas and mites. We conclude that the assembly patterns in ectoparasite infracommunities mirror those characteristics of component and compound communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris R. Krasnov
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Maxim V. Vinarski
- Laboratory of Macroecology and Biogeography of Invertebrates, Saint-Petersburg State University, 7/9 University Emb., 199034Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Omsk State University, 11 Neftezavodskaya str., 644053Omsk, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia P. Korallo-Vinarskaya
- Laboratory of Arthropod-Borne Viral Infections, Omsk Research Institute of Natural Foci Infections, Mira str. 7, 644080Omsk, Russian Federation
- Omsk State Pedagogical University, 14 Tukhachevskogo Emb., 644099 Omsk, Russian Federation
| | - Georgy I. Shenbrot
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Irina S. Khokhlova
- Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
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Krasnov BR, Spickett A, Junker K, van der Mescht L, Matthee S. Functional and phylogenetic uniqueness of helminth and flea assemblages of two South African rodents. Int J Parasitol 2021; 51:865-876. [PMID: 33848500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The loss of a particular species from a community may have different effects on its functioning, depending on the presence or absence of functionally similar or phylogenetically close species in that community (redundancy). Redundancy is thus defined as the fraction of species diversity not expressed by functional or phylogenetic diversity. We assessed functional and phylogenetic alpha- and beta-redundancy in helminth and flea assemblages of two species of South African rodents, Rhabdomys dilectus and Rhabdomys pumilio, using community uniqueness as the inverse indicator of redundancy. We asked whether patterns of functional and phylogenetic alpha- and beta-uniqueness differed between (i) parasite groups (endo- versus ectoparasites), (ii) host species within parasite groups, and (iii) biomes within host species. We found differences between the two hosts in the functional and phylogenetic alpha-uniqueness (but not beta-uniqueness) of flea, but not helminth, assemblages. Significant correlations between the alpha-uniqueness of parasite assemblages and the total parasite prevalence were found only for phylogenetic uniqueness and only in helminths. Pairwise site-by-site dissimilarities in uniqueness (beta-uniqueness) and pairwise dissimilarity in prevalence were significantly associated (positively) in helminths but not in fleas. A between-biome difference in functional (but not phylogenetic) alpha-uniqueness was found in both helminth and flea assemblages harboured by R. pumilio. We conclude that the resilience of parasite assemblages in terms of the effect on hosts depends not only on their transmission strategy but also on traits of host species and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris R Krasnov
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute of Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel.
| | - Andrea Spickett
- Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Kerstin Junker
- Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Luther van der Mescht
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Sonja Matthee
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
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