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do Prado AH, Duarte JL, Filippo LDD, Victorelli FD, de Abreu Fantini MC, Peccinini RG, Chorilli M. Bioadhesive liquid crystal systems for octyl methoxycinnamate skin delivery. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rapalli VK, Mahmood A, Waghule T, Gorantla S, Kumar Dubey S, Alexander A, Singhvi G. Revisiting techniques to evaluate drug permeation through skin. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1829-1842. [PMID: 34826250 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.2010702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Investigating the transportation of a drug molecule through various layers of skin and determining the amount of drug retention in skin layers is of prime importance in transdermal and topical drug delivery. The information regarding drug permeation and retention in skin layers aids in optimizing a formulation and provides insight into the therapeutic efficacy of a formulation. AREAS COVERED This perspective covers various methods that have been explored to estimate drug/therapeutics in skin layers using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo conditions. In vitro methods such as diffusion techniques, ex vivo methods such as isolated perfused skin models and in vivo techniques including dermato-pharmacokinetics employing tape stripping, and microdialysis are discussed. Application of all techniques at various stages of formulation development where various local and systemic effects need to be considered. EXPERT OPINION The void in the existing methodologies necessitates improvement in the field of dermatologic research. Standardization of protocols, experimental setups, regulatory guidelines, and further research provides information to select an alternative for human skin to perform skin permeation experiments to increase the reliability of data generated through the available techniques. There is a need to utilize multiple techniques for appropriate dermato-pharmacokinetics evaluation and formulation's efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamshi Krishna Rapalli
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
| | - Arisha Mahmood
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
| | - Tejashree Waghule
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
| | - Srividya Gorantla
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Medical Research, R&D Healthcare Division, Emami Ltd, Kolkata, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
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Castañeda PS, Domínguez Delgado CL, Cruz IMR, Contreras LMM, Trinidad EMM, Cervantes ML, Escobar-Chávez JJ. Development of Poly (Methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid) Microneedles for Transdermal Delivery of Atorvastatin Calcium. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:852-861. [PMID: 32065098 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200217103302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Biodegradable polymeric microneedles containing atorvastatin calcium were developed in order to improve the percutaneous absorption of the drug, useful for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. BACKGROUND The use of physical enhancers like microneedles have shown good results to increase the delivery of drugs through the skin, the use of microneedles has very important advantages for transdermal drug delivery, for example, they are painless, easy to use and safe, they increase time interval of drug activity, dose, and reductions in adverse reactions, they also offer, the facility to remove the system instantly of the skin. OBJECTIVE Develop polymer microneedles loaded with a calcium atorvastatin and evaluate them by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), bioadhesion, postwetting- bioadhesion, breaking strength, drug release test and in vitro percutaneous absorption studies to demonstrate the use of microneedles atorvastatin is able to cross the skin. METHODS The microneedles were made with poly (methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid) as biodegradable polymer using the technique of casting in solution in a mold. After solidification these microneedles were characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), bioadhesion, post-wetting-bioadhesion, breaking strength, drug release test and in vitro percutaneous absorption studies. RESULTS In general, the performances were satisfactory for optimal formulation in terms of DSC with no interactions between drug and excipients, SEM shows microneedles with a conical shape, bioadhesion of 1570 g.f, post wetting-bioadhesion of 1503.4 g.f, breaking strength of 1566.7g.f that is sufficient to disrupt Stratum corneum, good drug release and a flux of 33.4 μg/cm2*h with a tLag of 15.14 h for the in vitro percutaneous absorption. CONCLUSION The results indicate that it is possible to generate microneedles to increase the percutaneous absorption of calcium atorvastatin transdermally, with the potential to be used as an alternative to the oral route for the treatment of dyslipidemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo S Castañeda
- Unidad de Investigacion Multidisciplinaria. Laboratorio 12: Sistemas transdermicos, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlan-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (FESC-UNAM), Carretera Cuautitlan Teoloyucan km 2.5, San Sebastian Xhala C.P. 54714, Cuautitlan Izcalli, Mexico
| | - Clara L Domínguez Delgado
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 West University Avenue, PHR 4.214, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Isabel M R Cruz
- Unidad de Investigacion y Ensenanza, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Zumpango, Autopista Zumpango-Jilotzingo # 400, Barrio de Santiago 2a seccion, C.P. 55600, Zumpango, Mexico
| | - Luz M M Contreras
- Departamento de Sistemas Biologicos, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Colonia Villa Quietud, C.P. 04960, Ciudad de Mexico, United States
| | - Eva M M Trinidad
- Area Academica de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Circuito ex-Hacienda de la Concepcion, Lote 17, San Juan Tilcuautla, Municipio de San Agustin Tlaxiaca, C.P. 42160, Estado de Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Miriam L Cervantes
- Unidad de Investigacion Multidisciplinaria. Laboratorio 12: Sistemas transdermicos, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlan-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (FESC-UNAM), Carretera Cuautitlan Teoloyucan km 2.5, San Sebastian Xhala C.P. 54714, Cuautitlan Izcalli, Mexico
| | - José J Escobar-Chávez
- Unidad de Investigacion Multidisciplinaria. Laboratorio 12: Sistemas transdermicos, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlan-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (FESC-UNAM), Carretera Cuautitlan Teoloyucan km 2.5, San Sebastian Xhala C.P. 54714, Cuautitlan Izcalli, Mexico
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Lukács B, Bajza Á, Kocsis D, Csorba A, Antal I, Iván K, Laki AJ, Erdő F. Skin-on-a-Chip Device for Ex Vivo Monitoring of Transdermal Delivery of Drugs-Design, Fabrication, and Testing. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11090445. [PMID: 31480652 PMCID: PMC6781558 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11090445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop proper drug formulations and to optimize the delivery of their active ingredients through the dermal barrier, the Franz diffusion cell system is the most widely used in vitro/ex vivo technique. However, different providers and manufacturers make various types of this equipment (horizontal, vertical, static, flow-through, smaller and larger chambers, etc.) with high variability and not fully comparable and consistent data. Furthermore, a high amount of test drug formulations and large size of diffusion skin surface and membranes are important requirements for the application of these methods. The aim of our study was to develop a novel Microfluidic Diffusion Chamber device and compare it with the traditional techniques. Here the design, fabrication, and a pilot testing of a microfluidic skin-on-a chip device are described. Based on this chip, further developments can also be implemented for industrial purposes to assist the characterization and optimization of drug formulations, dermal pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic studies. The advantages of our device, beside the low costs, are the small drug and skin consumption, low sample volumes, dynamic arrangement with continuous flow mimicking the dermal circulation, as well as rapid and reproducible results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Lukács
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Práter u. 50a, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Bajza
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Práter u. 50a, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Kocsis
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Práter u. 50a, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Csorba
- Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Antal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre u. 7, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kristóf Iván
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Práter u. 50a, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András József Laki
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Práter u. 50a, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 37-47. H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Franciska Erdő
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Práter u. 50a, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary.
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Quist SR, Heimburg A, Bank U, Mahnkopf D, Koch G, Gollnick H, Täger M, Ansorge S. Preclinical pilot study monitoring topical drug penetration and dermal bioavailability of a peptidase inhibitor from different galenic formulations into pig dermis, using cutaneous microdialysis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2017; 42:607-613. [PMID: 28556026 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous microdialysis (CM) is an ex vivo technique that allows study of tissue chemistry, including bioavailability of actual tissue concentration of unbound drug in the interstitial fluid of the body. AIM To test the penetration and dermal bioavailability of galenic formulations of the small-molecule IP10.C8, a dual-protease inhibitor of the dipeptidyl peptidase and aminopeptidase families. METHODS Using CM, we tested the penetration and dermal bioavailability of IP10.C8 into the dermis and subcutis of pigs, and determined the tissue concentration of IP10.C8 enzymatically, using an enzyme activity assay (substrate Gly-Pro-pNA) and high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Dermal bioavailability was enhanced by using microemulsion or the addition of the penetration enhancer oleic acid to a hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) gel formulation. Dermal bioavailability was also enhanced when galenic formulations were prepared with higher pH (7.5 vs. 6.5) or higher drug concentration (5% vs. 1%) in HEC gel. CONCLUSION It seems possible, using CM for topical skin penetration testing in anaesthetized domestic pigs, to test the bioavailability of newly designed drugs. However, the experimental time is limited due to the anaesthesia, and is dependent on drug recovery. Validation of this technique for routine use is challenging, and more experiments are needed to validate this preclinical set-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Quist
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - A Heimburg
- Immunopharm Department, IMTM GmbH, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - U Bank
- Immunopharm Department, IMTM GmbH, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - D Mahnkopf
- Immunopharm Department, IMTM GmbH, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - G Koch
- Immunopharm Department, IMTM GmbH, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - H Gollnick
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - M Täger
- Immunopharm Department, IMTM GmbH, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - S Ansorge
- Immunopharm Department, IMTM GmbH, Magdeburg, Germany
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Sharma G, Devi N, Thakur K, Jain A, Katare OP. Lanolin-based organogel of salicylic acid: evidences of better dermatokinetic profile in imiquimod-induced keratolytic therapy in BALB/c mice model. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2017; 8:398-413. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0364-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Mazumder A, Dwivedi A, Fox LT, Brümmer A, du Preez JL, Gerber M, du Plessis J. In vitro skin permeation of sinigrin from its phytosome complex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:1577-1583. [PMID: 27696397 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sinigrin is a major glucosinolate present in plants of the Brassicaceae family. Recently, sinigrin and its phytosome formulations have been investigated for its wound-healing actions, by our research group. The aim of this study was to demonstrate sinigrin drug release from its phytosome complex and also to determine whether the phytosome complex enhances the delivery of sinigrin into the skin when compared to free sinigrin. METHODS In vitro Franz cell diffusion studies were performed on human abdominal skin. The morphology of the phytosome complex was examined by transmission electron microscopy. The in vitro drug release was determined using dialysis sacks. KEY FINDINGS The in vitro drug release indicated a controlled and sustained release of sinigrin from the phytosome complex. Tape stripping results showed that the sinigrin-phytosome complex (0.5155 μg/ml) statistically significantly enhanced the delivery of sinigrin into the stratum corneum-epidermis when compared to the free sinigrin (0.0730 μg/ml). CONCLUSIONS These results suggested the possibility of utilizing sinigrin-phytosome complex, to optimally deliver sinigrin to the skin which can be further used for various skin-related diseases including wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Mazumder
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Anupma Dwivedi
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Lizelle T Fox
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Alicia Brümmer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jan L du Preez
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Minja Gerber
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jeanetta du Plessis
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Ruela ALM, Perissinato AG, Lino MEDS, Mudrik PS, Pereira GR. Evaluation of skin absorption of drugs from topical and transdermal formulations. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502016000300018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Spagnol CM, Ferreira GA, Chiari-Andréo BG, Isaac VLB, Corrêa MA, Salgado HRN. Ascorbic acid in cosmetic formulations: Stability, in vitro release, and permeation using a rapid, inexpensive, and simple method. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2016.1214842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Magnani Spagnol
- Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Alves Ferreira
- Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Galdorfini Chiari-Andréo
- Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Vera Lucia Borges Isaac
- Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antônio Corrêa
- Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Hérida Regina Nunes Salgado
- Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Dwivedi A, Mazumder A, Fox LT, Brümmer A, Gerber M, du Preez JL, Haynes RK, du Plessis J. In vitro skin permeation of artemisone and its nano-vesicular formulations. Int J Pharm 2016; 503:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Ex-Vivo percutaneous absorption of enrofloxacin: Comparison of LMOG organogel vs. pentravan cream. Int J Pharm 2016; 498:170-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Jacobs GA, Gerber M, Malan MM, du Preez JL, Fox LT, du Plessis J. Topical delivery of acyclovir and ketoconazole. Drug Deliv 2014; 23:631-41. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.933283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Li SS, Song ZH, Xiong LQ, Zhang Q, Liu Q, Li GF. The percutaneous permeability and absorption of dexamethasone esters in diabetic rats: a preliminary study. Drug Deliv 2013; 21:17-25. [PMID: 24102159 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2013.838809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the influence of diabetes on the permeation of dexamethasone acetate (DA) and dexamethansone sodium phosphate (DSP), the two major dexamethansone esters in clinical practice, when applied percutaneously, histochemical staining was used to determine the skin morphology; improved Franz diffusion cells and microdialysis were used to assess the percutaneous permeation of DA and DSP in normal and diabetic rats. Histopathological examination showed that the epidermal tissue of diabetic rat was much thinner, the epidermal cell layer was less clear and the stratified arrangement of epidemic cell had almost disappeared and progressive atrophy were developed on the subcutaneous fat. In vitro studies showed that the cumulative and the penetrated DSP amount in Group DM were higher. The mean flux value and the mean depositional amount of Group DM were increased significantly compared to those of Group CTL, whereas the amount of DA penetrating was of no difference. Microdialysis indicated that there was no significant difference between Group CTL and Group DM for all the pharmacokinetic parameters of DA. In contrast, the subcutaneous AUCall values and the C(max) of DSP were significantly increased compared to the control. In conclusion, diabetic rat skin significantly increased the percutaneous permeation of DSP but had no effect on that of DA. It suggests that patients with diabetes should consider the dose of administration when using DA, DSP or other glucocorticoids topically, as different liposolubilities may play some role in the permeability of these compounds via diabetic skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha Li
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , PR China
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Li X, Wang J, Li G, Lin C, Zhang X, Sun Y, Yang Y, Gu J. Evaluation of calcipotriol transdermal permeation through pig, rat and mouse skin using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:1714-9. [PMID: 23847087 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Li
- Clinical Pharmacology Center, Research Institute of Translational Medicine; The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University; Dongminzhu Street Changchun 130061 People's Republic of China
- College of Life Science; Jilin University; Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University; China-Frontage USA; Yunhe Street Changchun 130061 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Clinical Pharmacology Center, Research Institute of Translational Medicine; The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University; Dongminzhu Street Changchun 130061 People's Republic of China
- College of Life Science; Jilin University; Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
- Neptunus Interlong Bio-Tech Co., Ltd; Shenzhen 518054 People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Clinical Pharmacology Center, Research Institute of Translational Medicine; The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University; Dongminzhu Street Changchun 130061 People's Republic of China
- College of Life Science; Jilin University; Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Changqing Lin
- Clinical Pharmacology Center, Research Institute of Translational Medicine; The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University; Dongminzhu Street Changchun 130061 People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism; Jilin University; Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Xueju Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacology Center, Research Institute of Translational Medicine; The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University; Dongminzhu Street Changchun 130061 People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism; Jilin University; Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Yantong Sun
- Clinical Pharmacology Center, Research Institute of Translational Medicine; The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University; Dongminzhu Street Changchun 130061 People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yang
- College of Life Science; Jilin University; Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine; Jilin University; Changchun Jilin Province P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education; Jilin University; Changchun Jilin Province P.R. China
| | - Jingkai Gu
- Clinical Pharmacology Center, Research Institute of Translational Medicine; The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University; Dongminzhu Street Changchun 130061 People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
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Synovial distribution of "systemically" administered acetylsalicylic acid in the isolated perfused equine distal limb. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:56. [PMID: 23531229 PMCID: PMC3617046 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated synovial concentrations of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and its metabolite salicylic acid (SA) in the equine fetlock joint following systemic administration of ASA. Salicylates were chosen because SA is the only nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for which threshold levels exist for plasma and urine in equine sports. To avoid animal experiments, the study was conducted using an ex vivo model of the isolated perfused equine distal limb in combination with plasma concentrations obtained from literature. Salicylate concentrations in the joint were determined using microdialysis and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Any anti-inflammatory effect of synovial ASA concentrations was assessed using an ASA EC50 (half maximal effective concentration) determined in equine whole blood. Results The ASA concentration in the synovial fluid (n = 6) reached a maximum of 4 μg/mL, the mean concentration over the entire perfusion period was 2 μg/mL. Maximum SA concentration was 17 μg/mL, the average was 14 μg/mL. ASA and SA concentration in the synovial fluid exceeded systemic concentrations 2 h and 3.5 h after “systemic” administration, respectively. Conclusions ASA and SA accumulated in the in the synovial fluid of the ex vivo model despite decreasing systemic concentrations. This suggests a prolonged anti-inflammatory effect within the joint that remains to be further elucidated.
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Schmidt S, Banks R, Kumar V, Rand KH, Derendorf H. Clinical Microdialysis in Skin and Soft Tissues: An Update. J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 48:351-64. [DOI: 10.1177/0091270007312152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Permeation of hyaluronan tetrasaccharides through hairless mouse skin: an in vitro and in vivo study. Arch Dermatol Res 2012; 305:69-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-012-1252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Klang V, Haberfeld S, Hartl A, Valenta C. Effect of γ-cyclodextrin on the in vitro skin permeation of a steroidal drug from nanoemulsions: impact of experimental setup. Int J Pharm 2011; 423:535-42. [PMID: 22155409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Numerous reports on the enhancement effect of cyclodextrins (CDs) on the skin permeation of dermally applied drugs exist, the majority of which is based on in vitro diffusion cell studies. The specific experimental setup of such studies may skew the obtained results, which is rarely discussed in the context of CD studies. Thus, the aim of this work was to conduct a systematic in vitro investigation of the permeation enhancement potential of γ-CD on a steroidal drug from a nanoemulsion. The role of critical diffusion cell parameters such as the dose of application, occlusive conditions, the nature of the receptor medium and the skin thickness were investigated. The results showed that significantly enhanced skin permeation rates of fludrocortisone acetate were indeed caused by 1% (w/w) of γ-CD at both finite and infinite dose conditions. At 0.5% (w/w) of γ-CD, significant enhancement was only achieved at infinite dose application. Additional in vitro tape stripping experiments confirmed these tendencies, but the observed effects did not reach statistical significance. It may be concluded that the full permeation enhancement potential of the CD as observed in the Franz-cell setup can only be realised at infinite dose conditions while preserving the formulation structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Klang
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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19
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Fox L, Gerber M, du Preez J, Grobler A, du Plessis J. Topical and Transdermal Delivery of L-Carnitine. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2011; 24:330-6. [DOI: 10.1159/000330385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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El Hussein S, Muret P, Berard M, Makki S, Humbert P. Assessment of principal parabens used in cosmetics after their passage through human epidermis-dermis layers (ex-vivo study). Exp Dermatol 2007; 16:830-6. [PMID: 17845215 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00625.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Concern is continuously raised about the safety of parabens which are present in most of the cosmetic preparations. In this investigation, methyl-, ethyl-, propyl- and butyl paraben (MP, EP, PP, BP), in a commercial cosmetic lotion, were deposited on human skin fragments, collected after surgical operations. Permeated parabens were determined after their passage through human epidermis-dermis layers, fixed on Franz diffusion cells. Bovine serum albumin (3%) was employed as receptor fluid. Then, parabens were assessed by liquid chromatography. The objective of this research was to determine the permeation of these molecules through human epidermis-dermis layers, and their possible passage to body tissues and/or accumulation in skin layers. Two groups of experiments were performed. In the first experimental group (G1), unique doses of the cosmetic were deposited on skin fragments fixed on Franz cells (n = 6), at time 0 h, followed with different withdrawn times of the receptor fluid at 12, 24 and 36 h. G1 results demonstrated that parabens penetration was influenced by their lipophilicity: more lipophilic the parabens were (BP > PP > EP > MP), less they crossed the skin layers (BP < PP < EP < MP). The second experimental group (G2) was constituted of three equal deposits on each Franz cell (n = 6) at different hour times 0, 12 and 24 h followed with three withdrawn times of the receptor fluid at 12, 24 and 36 h. The G2 results indicated that investigated parabens had significant increasing permeations in skin layers. This situation provokes the accumulation of these molecules which were considered by some authors as the cause of skin toxicities and carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan El Hussein
- Cutaneous Engineering and Biology Laboratory (EA 3183, IFR 133), University of Franche-Comté, Besancon, France
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21
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Asman G, Şanlı O, Tuncel D. pH- and temperature-sensitivein vitro release of salicylic acid through poly(vinyl alcohol-g-acrylamide) membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Asman G, Şanlı O, Tuncel D. In vitro release of salicylic acid through poly(vinyl alcohol-g-itaconic acid) membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Leveque N, Raghavan SL, Lane ME, Hadgraft J. Use of a molecular form technique for the penetration of supersaturated solutions of salicylic acid across silicone membranes and human skin in vitro. Int J Pharm 2006; 318:49-54. [PMID: 16650701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2004] [Revised: 03/10/2006] [Accepted: 03/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Permeation enhancement of salicylic acid (SA) from supersaturated solutions formed using a 'molecular form' technique was investigated. In a conventional cosolvent technique, two solvents are used, one in which the drug is considerably more soluble than the other. Propylene glycol and water have been predominantly used as cosolvents to create supersaturation in skin permeation enhancement. In this paper, we report the use of buffer solutions with different pHs as media for producing different molecular forms. Supersaturated solutions were prepared using pH 8:pH 2 (80:20 v/v), which gave a nominal pH when mixed of around 5. Model silicone membranes and human skin were used. Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) was employed to stabilise the supersaturated states. Stability data showed that while the SA supersaturated solutions without HPMC crystallised between 15 min and 46 h depending on the degree of supersaturation, the solutions with HPMC were stable for more than 2 months. The flux of SA increased with the degree of saturation for solutions prepared in a 80:20 buffer pH 8/buffer pH 2 mixture. Although the fluxes of SA with and without HPMC were similar both through silicone membrane and human skin, HPMC was found to be effective in increasing the stability of supersaturated solutions of SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Leveque
- Laboratoire d'Ingenierie et de Biologie Cutanees, Faculté de Medecine et de Pharmacie, 25000 Besancon, France
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24
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Degim IT. New tools and approaches for predicting skin permeability. Drug Discov Today 2006; 11:517-23. [PMID: 16713903 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2006.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2005] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews some new mathematical models and techniques used to predict and understand percutaneous penetration and transdermal delivery. These models are also useful for various enhancement strategies that can be used in dermal-penetration and formulation development studies. If appropriate, biophysical techniques can be combined with these new mathematical models and statistical analyses and it will be possible to understand the factors affecting penetration of molecules through skin. These factors, or parameters, can then be used to control the penetration rate when effective transdermal delivery or therapy is required or targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tuncer Degim
- University of Gazi, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 06330, Etiler, Ankara, Turkey.
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Şanlı O, Orhan E, Asman G. Release of salicylic acid through poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and poly(vinyl alcohol-g-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.24453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Bashir SJ, Dreher F, Chew AL, Zhai H, Levin C, Stern R, Maibach HI. Cutaneous bioassay of salicylic acid as a keratolytic. Int J Pharm 2005; 292:187-94. [PMID: 15725565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2004] [Revised: 11/29/2004] [Accepted: 11/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Keratolytic efficacy of topical preparations containing salicylic acid was studied in humans utilizing adhesive tape stripping and quantifying SC removal by protein analysis. In combination with tape stripping, squamometry was used to evaluate the influence of salicylic acid on skin surface scaliness and desquamation. Furthermore, skin barrier perturbation and skin irritancy was recorded and related to the dermatopharmacological effect of the preparations. In contrast to squamometry, tape stripping combined with protein analysis was sensitive in detecting keratolytic effect of salicylic acid within hours of application. Importantly, whereas the pH of the preparations only minimally influenced efficacy, local dermatotoxicity was significantly increased at acidic pH. This indicates that the quest to increase the amount of free, non-dissociated SA is, in fact, counterproductive as the more acidic preparations resulted in skin irritation and barrier disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Bashir
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, 90 Medical Center Way, Surge Building #110, P.O. Box 0989, San Francisco, CA 94143-0989, USA
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Csóka I, Csányi E, Zapantis G, Nagy E, Fehér-Kiss A, Horváth G, Blazsó G, Eros I. In vitro and in vivo percutaneous absorption of topical dosage forms: case studies. Int J Pharm 2005; 291:11-9. [PMID: 15707727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2004] [Revised: 06/01/2004] [Accepted: 07/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This article evaluated the influence of vehicle compositions on topical drug availability. In vitro drug release and in vivo experiments were performed in case of the hydrophilic ketamine hydrochloride and the lipophilic piroxicam. Ketamine hydrochloride is a NMDA receptor antagonist that has been useful for anesthesia and analgesia. The study of transdermal ketamine delivery is a novelty, because nobody has investigated the hypnotic effects of ketamine after this administration route. In vitro measurements gave a good basis for screening among the developed products. The physiological changes after ketamine administration showed, that there were significant differences among the parameters tested (breathing rate, duration of sleep) from the developed products (hydrogel, lyotropic liquid crystal and o/w cream) compared to the reference product (Carbopol gel). The in vivo feedback for piroxicam was the measurement of the anti-inflammatory activity by edema inhibition percentage. Significant differences were measured in case of the developed systems compared to the reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Csóka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Lopez VC, Hadgraft J, Snowden MJ. The use of colloidal microgels as a (trans)dermal drug delivery system. Int J Pharm 2005; 292:137-47. [PMID: 15725560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2004] [Revised: 11/16/2004] [Accepted: 11/24/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A co-polymer of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (85%) co-butyl acrylate (10%) co-methacrylic acid (5%) (NIPAM/BA/MAA) (85/10/5) microgel was synthesised and investigated as a potential pH and temperature sensitive transdermal delivery device. Three compounds having different octanol/water partition coefficients and solubilities were incorporated into the microgel, namely: salicylamide (SA), methyl paraben (MP) and propyl paraben (PP). Physico-chemical characterisation of these microgel-drug complexes showed that microgels incorporating MP and SA have smaller volumes after changing environmental pH or temperature when compared with the co-polymer NIPAM/BA/MAA (85/10/5) alone. This reduction in volume could be attributed to the incorporation of the compounds into the microgel particles, having a shielding effect on the charged groups present within the network. Diffusion studies, across human skin, were performed at 305K in the range of pH 3-7 for saturated solutions of SA, MP and PP, and for microgel particles incorporating the three compounds. The transport rate for these microgels incorporating MP was reduced by 2/3-fold compared to the saturated solution, by one order of magnitude for PP, meanwhile the transport rate for these microgels incorporating SA is the same order of magnitude as that for the corresponding saturated solutions. Transdermal release studies of the saturated colloidal dispersions indicated that pH control of the drug release was marginal. The incorporation of compounds into the pH/temperature sensitive co-polymer NIPAM/BA/MAA (85/10/5) and the subsequent release depends on the octanol/water partition coefficient and solubility of the respective compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Castro Lopez
- Medway Sciences, University of Greenwich at Medway, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
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