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Chen W, Hu Q. Secondary Metabolites of Purpureocilliumlilacinum. Molecules 2021; 27:18. [PMID: 35011248 PMCID: PMC8746413 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi can synthesize a wealth of secondary metabolites, which are widely used in the exploration of lead compounds of pharmaceutical or agricultural importance. Beauveria, Metarhizium, and Cordyceps are the most extensively studied fungi in which a large number of biologically active metabolites have been identified. However, relatively little attention has been paid to Purpureocillium lilacinum. P. lilacinum are soil-habituated fungi that are widely distributed in nature and are very important biocontrol fungi in agriculture, providing good biological control of plant parasitic nematodes and having a significant effect on Aphidoidea, Tetranychus cinnbarinus, and Aleyrodidae. At the same time, it produces secondary metabolites with various biological activities such as anticancer, antimicrobial, and insecticidal. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of the secondary metabolites of P. lilacinum, with emphasis on the chemical diversity and biological activity of these secondary metabolites and the biosynthetic pathways, and gives new insight into the secondary metabolites of medical and entomogenous fungi, which is expected to provide a reference for the development of medicine and agrochemicals in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qiongbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
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The antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects of Ionophores for the treatment of human infection. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 227:111661. [PMID: 34896767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ionophores are a diverse class of synthetic and naturally occurring ion transporter compounds which demonstrate both direct and in-direct antimicrobial properties against a broad panel of bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic pathogens. In addition, ionophores can regulate the host-immune response during communicable and non-communicable disease states. Although the clinical use of ionophores such as Amphotericin B, Bedaquiline and Ivermectin highlight the utility of ionophores in modern medicine, for many other ionophore compounds issues surrounding toxicity, bioavailability or lack of in vivo efficacy studies have hindered clinical development. The antimicrobial and immunomodulating properties of a range of compounds with characteristics of ionophores remain largely unexplored. As such, ionophores remain a latent therapeutic avenue to address both the global burden of antimicrobial resistance, and the unmet clinical need for new antimicrobial therapies. This review will provide an overview of the broad-spectrum antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties of ionophores, and their potential uses in clinical medicine for combatting infection.
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Albertini B, Iraci N, Schoubben A, Giovagnoli S, Ricci M, Blasi P, Rossi C. β-cyclodextrin hinders PLGA plasticization during microparticle manufacturing. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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4
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Phaopongthai J, Wiyakrutta S, Meksuriyen D, Sriubolmas N, Suwanborirux K. Azole-synergistic anti-candidal activity of altenusin, a biphenyl metabolite of the endophytic fungus Alternaria alternata isolated from Terminalia chebula Retz. J Microbiol 2013; 51:821-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-013-3189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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5
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Chitosan nanoparticles: Preparation, size evolution and stability. Int J Pharm 2013; 455:219-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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6
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Influence of polydispersity of poly(lactic acid) on particle formation by rapid expansion of supercritical CO2 solutions. J Supercrit Fluids 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2009.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Blasi P, Schoubben A, Giovagnoli S, Rossi C, Ricci M. Fighting tuberculosis: old drugs, new formulations. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:977-93. [PMID: 19678791 DOI: 10.1517/17425240903130577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This review reports the state of the art on innovative drug delivery strategies designed for antitubercular chemotherapeutics. The introduction contains the fundamental biological background concerning tuberculosis and a review of the current antitubercular therapy, and is followed by a critical report of the micrometric and nanometric particulate systems designed and investigated to improve tuberculosis chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Blasi
- University of Perugia, School of Pharmacy, Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Perugia, Italy.
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Ishiyama A, Otoguro K, Iwatsuki M, Iwatsuki M, Namatame M, Nishihara A, Nonaka K, Kinoshita Y, Takahashi Y, Masuma R, Shiomi K, Yamada H, Omura S. In vitro and in vivo antitrypanosomal activities of three peptide antibiotics: leucinostatin A and B, alamethicin I and tsushimycin. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2009; 62:303-8. [PMID: 19407848 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2009.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the course of our screening for antitrypanosomal compounds from soil microorganisms, as well as from the antibiotics library of the Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, we found three peptide antibiotics, leucinostatin (A and B), alamethicin I and tsushimycin, which exhibited potent or moderate antitrypanosomal activity. We report here the in vitro and in vivo antitrypanosomal properties and cytotoxicities of leucinostatin A and B, alamethicin I and tsushimycin compared with suramin. We also discuss their possible mode of action. This is the first report of in vitro and in vivo trypanocidal activity of leucinostatin A and B, alamethicin I and tsushimycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Ishiyama
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases, Center for Basic Research, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Infectious Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
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Mann JFS, Acevedo R, Campo JD, Pérez O, Ferro VA. Delivery systems: a vaccine strategy for overcoming mucosal tolerance? Expert Rev Vaccines 2009; 8:103-12. [PMID: 19093777 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.8.1.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Antigens administered via the oral and, to a lesser extent, the nasal route are potentially able to invoke tolerance, resulting in a nonreactive immune response. This has been a hurdle for mucosal vaccine development and yet the desire to induce protective local and systemic responses, with pain-free and more convenient products, has been the impetus driving mucosal vaccine R&D. Nevertheless, few mucosal vaccines have reached the marketplace and products are still treated with caution, particularly where live organisms are utilized. In this review, we examine the use of delivery systems with adjuvant properties as key components in a vaccine strategy that does not require the use of live vectors to overcome tolerance and have exemplified their success in mucosal vaccines, concentrating on the nasal and oral routes of administration.
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Howard MD, Jay M, Dziubla TD, Lu X. PEGylation of Nanocarrier Drug Delivery Systems: State of the Art. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2008.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Vijay R, Angayarkanny S, Baskar G. Amphiphilic dodecyl ester derivatives from aromatic amino acids: Significance of chemical architecture in interfacial adsorption characteristics. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Blasi P, Schoubben A, Giovagnoli S, Perioli L, Ricci M, Rossi C. Ketoprofen poly(lactide-co-glycolide) physical interaction. AAPS PharmSciTech 2007; 8:Article 37. [PMID: 17622115 PMCID: PMC2750376 DOI: 10.1208/pt0802037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to provide an understanding of the interaction occurring between ketoprofen and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) that leads to polymer plasticization. Experimental glass transition temperature (Tg) values were fitted with the theoretical ones predicted by the Fox and Gordon-Taylor/Kelley-Bueche equations. PLGA films containing different amounts of ketoprofen (KET) were prepared by solvent casting and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Differential scanning calorimetry evidenced that KET acted as a plasticizer in a similar biphasic way in both end-capped and uncapped PLGA. At KET contents of 20% to 35%, depending on the investigated polymer, the Tg was around 23 degrees C. Higher KET amounts did not lower further the Tg, and the excess of drug was found to crystallize into the polymeric matrix. Experimental Tg's deviated negatively from the predicted ones probably because of hydrogen bonding. The FTIR spectra of the films, loaded with different amounts of KET, showed a shift to higher wavenumbers for the peaks at 1697 and 1655 cm(-1) confirming the presence of some interactions, probably hydrogen bonds between the ketoprofen carboxylic group and the PLGA carbonyl groups along the polymer backbone. The hydrogen bonding between KET and PLGA is probably responsible for KET plasticizing effect. KET behaving as a lubricant may disrupt polymer chain-chain interactions, removing additional barriers to bond rotation and chain mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Blasi
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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Esmaeili F, Hosseini-Nasr M, Rad-Malekshahi M, Samadi N, Atyabi F, Dinarvand R. Preparation and antibacterial activity evaluation of rifampicin-loaded poly lactide-co-glycolide nanoparticles. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2007; 3:161-7. [PMID: 17468055 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2007.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2007] [Revised: 02/21/2007] [Accepted: 03/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers such as poly lactide-co-glycolides (PLGA) have been considered for the preparation of nanoparticles (NPs). In this study, rifampicin (RIF)-loaded PLGA NPs were fabricated by an emulsification/solvent diffusion method. The effect of several variables on the NPs' characteristics were evaluated, including the amount of RIF, amount of the poly vinyl alcohol as surfactant, and internal-phase volume and composition. The RIF encapsulation efficacy and the particle size distribution were optimized by varying these parameters. NPs were spherical with a relatively monodispersed size distribution. The effect of nanoencapsulation of RIF on the antibacterial activity of RIF against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was evaluated. It was shown that RIF NPs could considerably improve the RIF antibacterial efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Esmaeili
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Lab, Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Carteau D, Pianet I, Brunerie P, Guillemat B, Bassani DM. Probing the initial events in the spontaneous emulsification of trans-anethole using dynamic NMR spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:3561-5. [PMID: 17315890 DOI: 10.1021/la062339q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The spontaneous emulsification of alcoholic solutions of trans-anethole (t-A) in water is investigated using EXSY and DOSY NMR techniques. The system investigated (5-10 mM t-A in 5% EtOH/H2O solution) is exceptional in providing sharp, clearly resolved signals for both t-A that is dissolved in the aqueous phase (free t-A) and t-A that is incorporated in aggregates (3-6 nm diameter) thus allowing both fractions to be probed simultaneously. This feature is utilized to explore the initial events that occur during the spontaneous emulsification process. Upon mixing, the majority of the t-A (ca. 75%) undergoes nucleation to form small aggregates (ca. 10 nm diameter), while 15% (corresponding to [t-A] = 7.5 x 10(-4) M) is dissolved in the aqueous phase. The kinetic rates governing the exchange process between aggregated and free t-A are found to be time-dependent and slow on the NMR time scale (k = 0.8-2 s(-1)). DOSY experiments indicate that the initially formed small aggregates undergo rapid coalescence to form larger droplets. Ostwald ripening of these droplets at the expense of the remaining small aggregates is responsible for the subsequent, slower time-evolution of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Carteau
- ISM/CNRS UMR 5255, Université Bordeaux 1, F-33405, Talence, France, and Centre de Recherche Pernod Ricard, F-94015 Créteil, France
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Kallinteri P, Higgins S, Hutcheon GA, St Pourçain CB, Garnett MC. Novel functionalized biodegradable polymers for nanoparticle drug delivery systems. Biomacromolecules 2005; 6:1885-94. [PMID: 16004425 DOI: 10.1021/bm049200j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have prepared and screened a library of novel functionalized polymers for development of nanoparticle drug delivery systems. The polymer backbone consisting of two ester-linked, nontoxic, biological monomers, glycerol and adipic acid, was prepared using a hydrolytic enzyme. The specificity of the chosen enzyme yields a linear polymer with one free pendant hydroxyl group per repeat unit, which can be further functionalized. This protocol gives control over the backbone polymer molecular weight, together with the ability to incorporate various amounts of different fatty acyl substituents. These functionalized polymers are able to self-assemble into well-defined small particles of high homogeneity with a very low toxicity. They are able to incorporate a water soluble drug, dexamethasone phosphate, with a high efficiency and drug loading which varies with the polymer specification. The above characteristics strongly suggest that these polymers could be developed into useful nanoparticulate drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Kallinteri
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD United Kingdom
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De S, Robinson DH. Particle size and temperature effect on the physical stability of PLGA nanospheres and microspheres containing Bodipy. AAPS PharmSciTech 2004; 5:e53. [PMID: 15760050 PMCID: PMC2750478 DOI: 10.1208/pt050453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of particle size, storage temperature, and duration of storage on the physical stability and morphology of polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanospheres and microspheres. PLGA nanospheres and microspheres containing the fluorescent dye, Bodipy, were prepared in varying sizes by controlling the method and degree of agitation during the emulsification phase of preparation. Mean diameters of the particles were measured by dynamic light scattering. To evaluate the effect of storage temperature and duration of storage on the extent of aggregation, nanospheres and microspheres were stored at 4 degrees C, 25 degrees C, 37 degrees C, and 50 degrees C for 6 days and then monitored using both confocal and scanning electron microscopy. The mean +/- SD diameters of PLGA particles containing Bodipy were: 266.9 +/- 2.8, 351.6 +/- 1.8, 988.8 +/- 14.1, and 1865.9 +/- 67.0 nm. The extent of aggregation of the particulate delivery system decreased as the mean diameter increased, and increased as the storage temperature increased. The maximum extent of aggregation was observed with the smallest (266 nm) nanospheres. Microspheres did not aggregate. The aggregation of nanospheres was significantly reduced by introducing an additional evaporation step during preparation, suggesting that migration of residual dichloromethane from within the nanospheres may have dissolved the PLGA on the surface. The extent of aggregation of nanospheres increased as the temperature was increased from 4 degrees C to 50 degrees C, and decreased as particle size increased. To avoid aggregation, PLGA nanospheres should be stored at 4 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinjan De
- College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, 525 South Main Street, 45810 Ada, OH
| | - Dennis H. Robinson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, 68198-6025 Omaha, NE
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