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Wolfgang M, Kern A, Deng S, Stranzinger S, Liu M, Drexler W, Leitgeb R, Haindl R. Ultra-high-resolution optical coherence tomography for the investigation of thin multilayered pharmaceutical coatings. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123096. [PMID: 37268027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) has recently gained attention as a promising technology for in-line monitoring of pharmaceutical film-coating processes for (single-layered) tablet coatings and end-point detection with commercial systems. An increasing interest in the investigation of multiparticulate dosage forms with mostly multi-layered coatings below 20 µm final film thickness demands advancement in OCT technology for pharmaceutical imaging. We present an ultra-high-resolution (UHR-) OCT and investigate its performance based on three different multiparticulate dosage forms with different layer structures (one single-layered, two multi-layered) with layer thicknesses in a range from 5 to 50 µm. The achieved system resolution of 2.4 µm (axial) and 3.4 µm (lateral, both in air) enables the assessment of defects, film thickness variability and morphological features within the coating, previously unattainable using OCT. Despite the high transverse resolution, the provided depth of field was found sufficient to reach the core region of all dosage forms under test. We further demonstrate an automated segmentation and evaluation of UHR-OCT images for coating thicknesses, where human experts struggle using today's standard OCT systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Kern
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shiyu Deng
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Mengyang Liu
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wolfgang Drexler
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Leitgeb
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory OPTRAMED, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Richard Haindl
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
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Parmar K, Yagneshwari N. Gastroretentive Chronopharmaceutical Formulation of Lafutidine for Early Morning Acid Breakthrough. PHARMACOPHORE 2022. [DOI: 10.51847/kwfmn53pu5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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3
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Zaid AN. A Comprehensive Review on Pharmaceutical Film Coating: Past, Present, and Future. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:4613-4623. [PMID: 33149558 PMCID: PMC7605601 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s277439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical film coating is considered a key part in the production of solid pharmaceutical dosage forms since it gives superior organoleptic properties products. In addition, it can improve the physical and chemical stability of dosage forms, and modify the release characteristics of the drug. Several troubleshooting problems such as twinning mottling, chipping, etc., may arise during or after or even during the shelf life of the film coated dosage forms. These troubleshooting problems may be due to tablet core faults, coating formulation faults and/or coating process faults. These problems must be overcome to avoid unnecessary product problems. Film coating as well as other parts of the pharmaceutical technology is subjecting to continuous innovation. The innovation may be at different levels including pharmaceutical excipients, processes, software, guidelines and equipment. In fact, of particular note is the growing interest in process analytical technology, quality by design, continuous coating processing and the inclusion of new ready for use coating formulations. In this review, we tried to explore and discuss the status of pharmaceutical film coating, the challenges that face this manufacturing process and the latest technological advances in this important manufacturing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Naser Zaid
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, West Bank, Palestine
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4
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Pavloková S, Muselík J, Sabadková D, Bernatová S, Samek O, Neumann D, Franc A. The effects of the treatment conditions on the dissolution profile of ethylcellulose coated pellets. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 132:86-95. [PMID: 30825510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Due to the additional particle coalescence in the coating, changes in the dissolution profile occur over time in the formulations coated by aqueous ethylcellulose latex. Dry thermal treatment (DT) of the coating can be used as a prevention of this process. Alternatively, it is advisable to take advantage of the synergistic effect of high humidity during wet treatment (WT), which substantially accelerates the film formation. This can be a problem for time-controlled systems, which are based on the coating rupture due to the penetration of water into the core causing the increase in the system volume. This process can begin already during the WT, which may affect the coating adversely. The submitted work was focused on the stability testing of two pellet core compositions: pellets containing swelling superdisintegrant sodium carboxymethyl starch (CMS) and pellets containing osmotically active polyethylene glycol (PEG). Another objective was to identify the treatment/storage condition effects on the pellet dissolution profiles. These pellets are intended to prevent hypoglycemia for patients with diabetes mellitus and therefore, besides the excipients, pellet cores contain 75% or 80% of glucose. The pellet coating is formed by ethylcellulose-based latex, which provides the required lag time (120-360 min). The sample stability was evaluated depending on the pellet core composition (PEG, CMS) for two types of final pellet coating treatment (DT or WT). Scanning electron microscopy and Raman microspectroscopy revealed the penetration of glucose and polyethylene glycol from the core to the PEG pellet surface after WT. For the CMS sample, significant pellet swelling after WT (under the conditions of elevated humidity) was statistically confirmed by the means of stereomicroscopic data evaluation. Therefore, the acceleration of dissolution rate during the stress tests is caused by the soluble substance penetration through the coating in the case of PEG pellets or by dosage form volume increase in the case of CMS pellets. The observed mechanisms can be generally anticipated during the stability testing of the ethylcellulose coated dosage forms. The aforementioned processes do not occur after DT and the pellets are stable in the environment without increased humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Pavloková
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Muselík
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Dana Sabadková
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Silvie Bernatová
- Institute of Scientific Instruments (ISI), Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ota Samek
- Institute of Scientific Instruments (ISI), Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Neumann
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Franc
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
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Use of cassava starch nanocrystals to make a robust rupturable pulsatile release pellet. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Ovid D, Hayes TB, Bentley GE. Melatonin Administration Methods for Research in Mammals and Birds. J Biol Rhythms 2018; 33:567-588. [PMID: 30246597 DOI: 10.1177/0748730418795802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine research in animals often entails exogenous hormone administration. Special issues arise when developing administration protocols for hormones with circadian and seasonal periodicity. This article reviews various methods for the exogenous administration of hormones with such periodicities by focusing on melatonin. We discuss that methodological variations across studies can affect experimental results. Melatonin administration techniques used in vertebrates includes infusion pumps, beeswax pellets, oral administration, injections, SILASTIC capsules, osmotic pumps, transdermal delivery, beads, and sponges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dax Ovid
- University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Peng T, Yang P, Zhu C, Zhang X, Wang X, Ran H, Bai X, Zhang J, Wu CY, Pan X, Wu C. Mechanistic investigation on the performance of Huperzine A loaded microparticles based on ultra-fine particle processing system. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Rane MM, Bajaj A. Development and optimisation of novel oral formulation of an opioid analgesic using central composite design. COGENT MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2017.1326210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meenal M. Rane
- Pharmaceutics Department, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Amrita Bajaj
- Pharmaceutics Department, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400056, India
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Facile preparation of acrylamide grafted locust bean gum-poly(vinyl alcohol) interpenetrating polymer network microspheres for controlled oral drug delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Formulation and process optimization of multiparticulate pulsatile system delivered by osmotic pressure-activated rupturable membrane. Int J Pharm 2015; 480:15-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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11
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Palugan L, Cerea M, Zema L, Gazzaniga A, Maroni A. Coated pellets for oral colon delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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12
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You C, Liang X, Sun J, Sun L, Wang Y, Fan T, Zheng Y. Blends of hydrophobic and swelling agents in the swelling layer in the preparation of delayed-release pellets of a hydrophilic drug with low MW: Physicochemical characterizations and in-vivo evaluations. Asian J Pharm Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral-controlled and modified-release drug delivery systems with zero-order sustained-release kinetics have been developed and proven suitable for meeting increasingly sophisticated therapeutic needs. Nevertheless, the impact of basic chronobiology concepts on the practice of medicine is still ongoing and to address chronotherapy needs, various types of pulsatile drug delivery systems have been innovated. The purpose of this review is to highlight these innovations in the field of chronotherapy. AREAS COVERED The present review discusses in depth on recent patents and developments related to pulsatile drug delivery systems with eroding, soluble or rupturable barrier coatings, and systems with capsular structures. Besides focusing on all recent innovations, the review addresses the novelty and feasibility of all upcoming technologies being exploited considering pulsatile drug delivery systems. EXPERT OPINION There has been a growing interest in pulsatile delivery, which generally refers to the liberation of drugs following a programmable and well-defined lag phase from the time of administration. From 1981 until the present date, patent publications related to pulsatile drug delivery have shown more promising systems with numerous developments in arena of drug delivery. Future development of chronotherapeutic medications requires proper assessment and integration with other emerging disciplines such as hydrogel and transdermal delivery systems. The selection of the appropriate chronopharmaceutical technology should take into considerations with the ease of manufacturing and the cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit S Patil
- Sainath University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ranchi , India
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14
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Seuss S, Boccaccini AR. Electrophoretic Deposition of Biological Macromolecules, Drugs, And Cells. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:3355-69. [DOI: 10.1021/bm401021b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Seuss
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Cooppan S, Choonara YE, du Toit LC, Ndesendo VMK, Kumar P, Pillay V. A novel pH-dependant and double crosslinked polymethacrylate-based polysphere matrix for enteric delivery of isoniazid. Pharm Dev Technol 2013; 18:1066-77. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2012.685654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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16
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A novel multilayered multidisk oral tablet for chronotherapeutic drug delivery. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:569470. [PMID: 24024200 PMCID: PMC3762207 DOI: 10.1155/2013/569470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A Multilayered Multidisk Tablet (MLMDT) comprising two drug-loaded disks enveloped by three drug-free barrier layers was developed for use in chronotherapeutic disorders, employing two model drugs, theophylline and diltiazem HCl. The MLMDT was designed to achieve two pulses of drug release separated by a lag phase. The polymer disk comprised hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) and ethylcellulose (EC) granulated using an aqueous dispersion of EC. The polymeric barrier layers constituted a combination of pectin/Avicel (PBL) (1st barrier layer) and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) (HBL1 and HBL2) as the 2nd and 3rd barrier layers, respectively. Sodium bicarbonate was incorporated into the diltiazem-containing formulation for delayed drug release. Erosion and swelling studies confirmed the manner in which the drug was released with theophylline formulations exhibiting a maximum swelling of 97% and diltiazem containing formulations with a maximum swelling of 119%. FTIR spectra displayed no interactions between drugs and polymers. Molecular mechanics simulations were undertaken to predict the possible orientation of the polymer morphologies most likely affecting the MLMDT performance. The MLMDT provided two pulses of drug release, separated by a lag phase, and additionally it displayed desirable friability, hardness, and uniformity of mass indicating a stable formulation that may be a desirable candidate for chronotherapeutic drug delivery.
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Liu Q, Gong Y, Shi Y, Jiang L, Zheng C, Ge L, Liu J, Zhu J. A novel multi-unit tablet for treating circadian rhythm diseases. AAPS PharmSciTech 2013; 14:861-9. [PMID: 23649996 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-013-9975-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel multi-unit tablet that combined a pellet with a sustained-release coating and a tablet with a pulsatile coating for the treatment of circadian rhythm diseases. The model drug, isosorbide-5-mononitrate, was sprayed on microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)-based pellets and coated with Eudragit(®) NE30D, which served as a sustained-release layer. The coated pellets were compressed with cushion agents (a mixture of MCC PH-200/ MCC KG-802/PC-10 at a ratio of 40:40:20) at a ratio of 4:6 using a single-punch tablet machine. An isolation layer of OpadryII, swellable layer of HPMC E5, and rupturable layer of Surelease(®) were applied using a conventional pan-coating process. Central-composite design-response surface methodology was used to investigate the influence of these coatings on the square of the difference between release times over a 4 h time period. Drug release studies were carried out on formulated pellets and tablets to investigate the release behaviors, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to monitor the pellets and tablets and their cross-sectional morphology. The experimental results indicated that this system had a pulsatile dissolution profile that included a lag period of 4 h and a sustained-release time of 4 h. Compared to currently marketed preparations, this tablet may provide better treatment options for circadian rhythm diseases.
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18
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Cao QR, Piao YN, Choi JS, Liu Y, Yang M, Cui JH. Design,in vitrorelease characterization and pharmacokinetics of novel controlled release pellets containing levodropropizine. Pharm Dev Technol 2013; 19:296-303. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2013.778871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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19
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Maroni A, Zema L, Loreti G, Palugan L, Gazzaniga A. Film coatings for oral pulsatile release. Int J Pharm 2013; 457:362-71. [PMID: 23506956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pulsatile delivery is generally intended as a release of the active ingredient that is delayed for a programmable period of time to meet particular chronotherapeutic needs and, in the case of oral administration, also target distal intestinal regions, such as the colon. Most oral pulsatile delivery platforms consist in coated formulations wherein the applied polymer serves as the release-controlling agent. When exposed to aqueous media, the coating initially performs as a protective barrier and, subsequently, undergoes a timely failure based on diverse mechanisms depending on its physico-chemical and formulation characteristics. Indeed, it may be ruptured because of the gradual expansion of the core, swell and/or erode due to the glassy-rubbery polymer transition or become permeable thus allowing the drug molecules to diffuse outwards. Otherwise, when the coating is a semipermeable membrane provided with one or more orifices, the drug is released through the latter as a result of an osmotic water influx. The vast majority of pulsatile delivery systems described so far have been prepared by spray-coating, which offers important versatility and feasibility advantages over other techniques such as press- and dip-coating. In the present article, the design, manufacturing and performance of spray-coated pulsatile delivery platforms is thus reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Maroni
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Tecnologia e Legislazione Farmaceutiche "Maria Edvige Sangalli", Via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milan, Italy
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20
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Zhou G, Lu Y, Zhang H, Chen Y, Yu Y, Gao J, Sun D, Zhang G, Zou H, Zhong Y. A novel pulsed drug-delivery system: polyelectrolyte layer-by-layer coating of chitosan-alginate microgels. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:877-87. [PMID: 23486565 PMCID: PMC3592514 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s38144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this report was to introduce a novel “core-membrane” microgel drug-delivery device for spontaneously pulsed release without any external trigger. Methods The microgel core was prepared with alginate and chitosan. The semipermeable membrane outside the microgel was made of polyelectrolytes including polycation poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and sodium polystyrene sulfonate. The drug release of this novel system was governed by the swelling pressure of the core and the rupture of the outer membrane. Results The size of the core-membrane microgel drug-delivery device was 452.90 ± 2.71 μm. The surface charge depended on the layer-by-layer coating of polyelectrolytes, with zeta potential of 38.6 ± 1.4 mV. The confocal microscope exhibited the layer-by-layer outer membrane and inner core. The in vitro release profile showed that the content release remained low during the first 2.67 hours. After this lag time, the cumulative release increased to 80% in the next 0.95 hours, which suggested a pulsed drug release. The in vivo drug release in mice showed that the outer membrane was ruptured at approximately 3 to 4 hours, as drug was explosively released. Conclusion These data suggest that the encapsulated substance in the core-membrane microgel delivery device can achieve a massive drug release after outer membrane rupture. This device was an effective system for pulsed drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guichen Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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21
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Felton LA, Porter SC. An update on pharmaceutical film coating for drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:421-35. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.763792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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On-off pulsed oral drug-delivery systems: a possible tool for drug delivery in chronotherapy. Ther Deliv 2012; 2:1199-214. [PMID: 22833913 DOI: 10.4155/tde.11.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms regulate most body functions and are important factors to consider when administering drugs. The existence of circadian rhythms in nature and their influences on human biological systems have given rise to the concept of chronotherapy, which is the science of delivering drugs in a synchronized manner with the rhythm-dependent circadian variation inherent in the human body. The safety and efficacy of a drug can be improved by matching the peak plasma concentration during a 24 h period of the rhythms. An on-off pulsed (pulsatile or time-controlled) release drug-delivery system offers rapid and transient release; stepwise release; and the sustained release of a certain amount of drug within a short time period after a predetermined off-release period according to the circadian rhythm of disease states. These systems deliver the drug at the right time and at an appropriate dosage and are the best approach for chronotherapy. These systems show promise for the optimal therapy of chronic diseases such as asthma, hypertension, myocardial infarction and arthritis, which show a circadian dependency. Various technologies have been adopted to mimic circadian rhythms in physiological functions and diseases. This review focuses on the basic concept of circadian rhythm, chronotherapy and recent advances in the development of on-off pulsed oral drug-delivery systems for optimal therapy.
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Severino P, de Oliveira GGG, Ferraz HG, Souto EB, Santana MHA. Preparation of gastro-resistant pellets containing chitosan microspheres for improvement of oral didanosine bioavailability. J Pharm Anal 2012; 2:188-192. [PMID: 29403741 PMCID: PMC5760906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to introduce a new concept of coated pellets containing chitosan microspheres loaded with didadosine for oral administration, aiming at reducing the frequency of administration and improving the bioavailability by a suitable release profile. Chitosan microspheres were produced under fluidized bed, followed by extrusion and spheronization to obtain pellets with a mean diameter of about 1 mm. The pellets were then coated with Kollidon® VA64 and Kollicoat® MAE100P in water dispersion to depict a sustained release profile. Conventional hard gelatine capsules were loaded with these pellets and tested in vitro for their release profile of didadosine. Dissolution testing confirmed that chitosan microsphere pellets provides appropriate sustained release up to 2 h behavior for didanosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Severino
- Department of Biotechnological Processes, School of Engineering Chemical, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - George G G de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Humberto G Ferraz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Eliana B Souto
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (IBB-CGB/UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria H A Santana
- Department of Biotechnological Processes, School of Engineering Chemical, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
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Desai D, Wang J, Wen H, Li X, Timmins P. Formulation design, challenges, and development considerations for fixed dose combination (FDC) of oral solid dosage forms. Pharm Dev Technol 2012; 18:1265-76. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2012.660699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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25
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Kim KS, Park SJ. Influence of glyceryl palmitostearate on release behaviors of hydroxypropyl cellulose microcapsules containing indomethacin by W/O emulsion. Macromol Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-011-1105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Dual coating of swellable and rupturable polymers on Glipizide loaded MCC pellets for pulsatile delivery: Formulation design and in vitro evaluation. Int J Pharm 2011; 419:121-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Erõs I. Polymers and Biopolymers in Pharmaceutical Technology. Biopolymers 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118164792.ch18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Pulsatile multiparticulate drug delivery system for metoprolol succinate. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:369-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0303-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Gandhi BR, Mundada AS, Gandhi PP. Chronopharmaceutics: As a clinically relevant drug delivery system. Drug Deliv 2010; 18:1-18. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2010.509358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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30
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Silion M, Hritcu D, Jaba IM, Tamba B, Ionescu D, Mungiu OC, Popa IM. In vitro and in vivo behavior of ketoprofen intercalated into layered double hydroxides. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2010; 21:3009-3018. [PMID: 20820886 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-010-4151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Ketoprofen (Ket) was intercalated into layered double hydroxides (ZnAlLDH and MgAlLDH) using the ionic exchange method. The drug intercalation was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FTIR spectroscopy. Ket release from the inorganic matrix was studied at pH 7.4 in continuous regime with a flow rate of 0.5 and respectively 1.0 ml/min. The kinetical data were interpreted using the Ritger and Peppas model. The data prove that the release kinetics and mechanism depend on the eluent flow rate. Quantification of gastric tolerance shows that the ulcerogenic effect of the intercalated drug is lower than the one of the raw Ket. The antinociceptive effect of both formulations was studied by the hot-plate method performed on mice. The MgAlLDH_Ket formulation shows a tendency towards a stronger antinociceptive effect than its ZnAlLDH_Ket counterpart during the 210 min recorded period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Silion
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Iasi, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
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31
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Oral pulsatile delivery: Rationale and chronopharmaceutical formulations. Int J Pharm 2010; 398:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Li X, Guo H, Heinamaki J. Aqueous coating dispersion (pseudolatex) of zein improves formulation of sustained-release tablets containing very water-soluble drug. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 345:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Revised: 01/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Popa N, Novac O, Profire L, Lupusoru CE, Popa MI. Hydrogels based on chitosan-xanthan for controlled release of theophylline. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2010; 21:1241-1248. [PMID: 19924518 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-009-3937-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is theophylline (THP) inclusion into xanthan-chitosan polyionic complex (Xa-CS) and the study of its in vitro and in vivo kinetic release. Xa-CS hydrogel was obtained by ionic complexation between two oppositely charged polysaccharides. THP was loaded into the Xa-CS matrix by diffusion of the drug solution. The obtained samples were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, SEM microscopy and study of the swelling behavior. THP in vitro release experiments were carried out in conditions mimicking the gastrointestinal environment. The chosen drug dose for in vivo study was 15 mg THP/Kg body weight of THP powder or an equivalent dose in complex form. THP serum concentrations were determined by an HPLC assay. The THP peak serum concentration (C(max)) was 7.18 microg/ml for free THP and AUC(0-48) was 25.76 microg h/ml, while in the case of Xa-CS-THP, C(max) was of 5.72 microg/ml and AUC(0-48) = 45.72 microg h/ml. The in vivo study regarding the behaviour of the obtained formulation, showed an increase bioavailability of THP compared to the raw drug, suggesting the possible application of the complex Xa-CS as an oral controlled drug delivery system in the management of chronic pulmonary obstructive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niculina Popa
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Technical University Gh. Asachi, Iasi, Romania
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34
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Feng XM, Ren Q, Zhang WZ, Shen HF, Rong ZX, Fang C, Chen HZ. Preparation and evaluation of a novel delayed-onset sustained-release system of propranolol hydrochloride. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 60:817-22. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.60.7.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The objective of this work was to prepare and evaluate a new delayed-onset sustained-release system, comprising a sustained-release core tablet with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as polymer matrix and an ethylcellulose/Eudragit L coating capable of delaying the drug release. The sustained core containing propranolol hydrochloride as the model drug was prepared by granulate tableting and the polymer coating was applied in a computer-controlled coating pan. The dissolution tests demonstrated that the in-vitro drug release was pH-dependent with sufficient gastric resistance, and the lag time (t10%) could be controlled by adjusting the coating level. Three dosage forms including commercial tablet, sustained-release tablet and the delayed-onset sustained-release tablet were administrated to six beagle dogs and the plasma levels of propranolol hydrochloride were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography. The delayed-onset sustained-release tablet had a lag time of 3.0 h in-vitro and 3.5 h in-vivo, and a tmax of 7.0 h. The relative bioavailability for delayed-onset sustained-release tablet was 96.98% compared with commercial tablets. The results indicate that the new propranolol delayed-onset sustained-release system could achieve a relatively constant drug release followed by a programmed lag time, and this may provide a promising drug delivery form for chronopharmacotherapy of certain cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-mei Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutics and Industry, Polymer Pharmaceutical and Excipient Tech. Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutics and Industry, Polymer Pharmaceutical and Excipient Tech. Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-zhi Zhang
- Shengyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui-feng Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutics and Industry, Polymer Pharmaceutical and Excipient Tech. Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-xing Rong
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-zhuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Khan Z, Pillay V, Choonara YE, du Toit LC. Drug delivery technologies for chronotherapeutic applications. Pharm Dev Technol 2010; 14:602-12. [PMID: 19883249 DOI: 10.3109/10837450902922736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
It has been proven that the body follows a 24-hour cycle called a circadian rhythm. This cycle is coordinated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus and controls nearly all bodily functions including those related to drug delivery. Knowledge of the body's circadian rhythm leads to an improved understanding of diseases and their treatment, known as chronotherapy, such that synchronizing drug application in accordance with the natural rhythm of the body leads to improved disease management and a greater patient therapeutic outcome. Chronotherapeutic diseases include asthma, cardiovascular diseases, glaucoma, rheumatoid arthritis and cancers. In order to treat these diseases numerous chronotherapeutic drug delivery systems have been developed, such that drug is released in the period when it is most needed. This review paper attempts to concisely explicate the role of circadian rhythms in various disease states and furthermore describes the various oral drug delivery technologies that have been employed for the treatment of chronotherapeutic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaheeda Khan
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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36
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Porter SC, Felton LA. Techniques to assess film coatings and evaluate film-coated products. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 36:128-42. [DOI: 10.3109/03639040903433757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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37
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Sher P, Ingavle G, Ponrathnam S, Benson JR, Li NH, Pawar AP. Novel/conceptual floating pulsatile system using high internal phase emulsion based porous material intended for chronotherapy. AAPS PharmSciTech 2009; 10:1368-80. [PMID: 19936939 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-009-9331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to design a novel/conceptual delivery system using ibuprofen, anticipated for chronotherapy in arthritis with porous material to overcome the formulation limits (multiple steps, polymers, excipients) and to optimize drug loading for a desired release profile suitable for in vitro investigations. The objective of this delivery system lies in the availability of maximum drug amount for absorption in the wee hours as recommended. Drug loading using 3(2) factorial design on porous carrier, synthesized by high internal phase emulsion technique using styrene and divinylbenzene, was done via solvent evaporation using methanol and dichloromethane. The system was evaluated in vitro for drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, and surface characterization by scanning electron, atomic force microscopy, and customized drug release study. This study examined critical parameters such as solvent volume, drug amount, and solvent polarity on investigations related to drug adsorption and release mostly favoring low-polarity solvent dichloromethane. Overall release in all batches ranged 0.98-52% in acidic medium and 71-94% in basic medium. These results exhibit uniqueness in achieving the least drug release of 0.98%, an ideal one, without using any release modifiers, making it distinct from other approaches/technologies for time and controlled release and for chronotherapy.
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Barbash D, Fulghum JE, Yang J, Felton L. A novel imaging technique to investigate the influence of atomization air pressure on film-tablet interfacial thickness. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2009; 35:480-6. [PMID: 19040182 DOI: 10.1080/03639040802438381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) technique combined with principal component analysis of spectra-to-image datasets was employed to study the effects of atomization air pressure used during the coating process on film-tablet interfacial thickness. Placebo tablet cores were prepared and coated with Eudragit RL 30 D. Atomization air pressure was varied from 10 to 20 psi, whereas all other processing parameters were held constant. Higher air pressures generally produced thinner interfaces, although the interfacial region was not uniform across the tablet surface and was dependent on the sampling location. These results demonstrate the suitability of this XPS technique to study the coating-tablet interface. Moreover, the variability in the interfacial thickness illustrates the need to further study such systems.
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39
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Sher P, Ingavle G, Ponrathnam S, Poddar P, Pawar AP. Modulation and optimization of drug release from uncoated low density porous carrier based delivery system. AAPS PharmSciTech 2009; 10:547-58. [PMID: 19424805 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-009-9239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research work was to explore an application of uncoated porous drug carrier prepared by single-step drug adsorption for a delivery system based on integration of floating and pulsatile principles intended for chronotherapy. This objective was achieved by utilizing 3(2) factorial design, solvent volume (X(1)) and drug amount (X(2)) as selected variables, for drug adsorption using solvents, methanol, and dichloromethane (DCM), of varying polarity. Nitrogen adsorption (N(2)), scanning electron microscopy of cross-sections, and atomic force microscopy were done to study adsorption patterns and their effect on release pattern. Drug release study was customized by performing for 6 h in acidic environment to mimic gastroretention followed by basic environment akin to transit phase. Correlation between porous data from mercury and N(2) adsorption was probably studied for the first time. Observed regression analysis values for pore volume, surface area, and drug release indicated the influence of selected variables. Total release range in acidic medium was 12.77-24.57% for methanol, 8.79-15.26% for DCM, and final release of 69.45-92.23% for methanol, and 60.16-99.99% for DCM influenced by varying internal geometries was observed. Present form of drug delivery system devoid of any additives/excipients influencing drug release shows distinct behavior from other approaches/technologies in chronotherapy by (a) observing desired low drug release (8%) in acidic medium, (b) overcoming the limitations of process variables caused by multiple formulation steps and different characteristic polymers, (c) reducing time consumption due to single step process, and (d) extending as controlled/extended release.
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40
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Statistical optimization of ranitidine HCl floating pulsatile delivery system for chronotherapy of nocturnal acid breakthrough. Eur J Pharm Sci 2009; 37:363-9. [PMID: 19491027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Revised: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Present work conceptualizes a specific technology, based on combining floating and pulsatile principles to develop drug delivery system, intended for chronotherapy in nocturnal acid breakthrough. This approach will be achieved by using a programmed delivery of ranitidine hydrochloride from a floating tablet with time-lagged coating. In this study, investigation of the functionality of the outer polymer coating to predict lag time and drug release was statistically analyzed using the response surface methodology (RSM). RSM was employed for designing of the experiment, generation of mathematical models and optimization study. The chosen independent variables, i.e. percentage weight ratios of ethyl cellulose to hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose in the coating formulation and coating level (% weight gain) were optimized with a 3(2) full factorial design. Lag time prior to drug release and cumulative percentage drug release in 7h were selected as responses. Results revealed that both, the coating composition and coating level, are significant factors affecting drug release profile. A second-order polynomial equation fitted to the data was used to predict the responses in the optimal region. The optimized formulation prepared according to computer-determined levels provided a release profile, which was close to the predicted values. The proposed mathematical model is found to be robust and accurate for optimization of time-lagged coating formulations for programmable pulsatile release of ranitidine hydrochloride, consistent with the demands of nocturnal acid breakthrough.
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41
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Liu Y, Liu S, Dai Q. Design and Evaluation of pH-Independent Pulsatile Release Pellets Containing Isosorbide-5-mononitrate. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2009; 57:55-60. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.57.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University
| | - Songqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University
| | - Qing Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University
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42
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Roy P, Shahiwala A. Multiparticulate formulation approach to pulsatile drug delivery: current perspectives. J Control Release 2008; 134:74-80. [PMID: 19105973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the body under physiological conditions, many vital functions are regulated by transient release of bioactive substances at a specific time and site. Thus, to mimic the function of living systems and in view of emerging chronotherapeutic approaches, pulsatile delivery, which is meant to release a drug following programmed lag phase, has attracted increasing interest in recent years. In pursuit of pulsatile release, various design strategies have been proposed, broadly categorized into single-unit and multiple-unit systems. However, in recent pharmaceutical applications involving pulsatile delivery, multiparticulate dosage forms are gaining much favor over single-unit dosage forms because of their potential benefits like predictable gastric emptying, no risk of dose dumping, flexible release patterns and increased bioavailability with less inter- and intra-subject variability. Based on these premises, the aim of the present review is to survey the main multiparticulate pulsatile delivery systems, for which the swelling and rupturing; dissolution or erosion; and changed permeability of the coating membrane are primarily involved in the control of release. The development of low density floating multiparticulate pulsed-release dosage forms possessing gastric retention capabilities has also been addressed with increasing focus on the upcoming multiparticulate-pulsatile technologies being exploited on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Roy
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad. C/o. B.V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development Centre, Ahmedabad, India.
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43
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Mohamad A, Dashevsky A. In Vitro and In Vivo Performance of a Multiparticulate Pulsatile Drug Delivery System. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 33:113-9. [PMID: 17454042 DOI: 10.1080/03639040601085433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo drug release performance of a rupturable multiparticulate pulsatile system, coated with aqueous polymer dispersion Aquacoat ECD. Acetaminophen was used as a model drug, because in vivo performance can be monitored by measuring its concentration in saliva. Drug release was typical pulsatile, characterized by lag time, followed by fast drug release. Increasing the coating level of outer membrane lag time was clearly delayed. In vitro the lag time in 0.1 N HCl was longer, compared to phosphate buffer pH 7.4 because of ionisable ingredients present in the formulation (crosscarmelose sodium and sodium dodecyl sulphate). In vitro release was also longer in medium with higher ion concentration (0.9% NaCl solution compared to purified water); but independent of paddle rotation speed (50 vs.100 rpm). Macroscopically observation of the pellets during release experiment confirms that the rupturing of outer membrane was the main trigger for the onset of release. At the end of release outer membrane of all pellets was destructed and the content completely released. However, pellets with higher coating level and correspondingly longer lag time showed decreased bioavailability of acetaminophen. This phenomenon was described previously and explained by decreased liquid flow in the lower part of intestine. This disadvantage can be considered as a limitation for drugs (like acetaminophen) with high dose and moderate solubility; however, it should not diminish performance of the investigated system in principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mohamad
- College of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Kelchstr, Berlin, Germany
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