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Yu D, Zhang S, Du W, Zhang J, Fan Z, Hao H, Liu Y, Zhao X, Qin T, Zhu H. Expression of intracellular interferon-alpha confers antiviral properties in transfected bovine fetal fibroblasts and does not affect the full development of SCNT embryos. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94444. [PMID: 25004008 PMCID: PMC4086716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease, one of the most significant diseases of dairy herds, has substantial effects on farm economics, and currently, disease control measures are limited. In this study, we constructed a vector with a human interferon-α (hIFN-α) (without secretory signal sequence) gene cassette containing the immediate early promoter of human cytomegalovirus. Stably transfected bovine fetal fibroblasts were obtained by G418 selection, and hIFN-α transgenic embryos were produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Forty-six transgenic embryos were transplanted into surrogate cows, and five cows (10.9%) became pregnant. Two male cloned calves were born. Expression of hIFN-α was detected in transfected bovine fetal fibroblasts, transgenic SCNT embryos, and different tissues from a transgenic SCNT calf at two days old. In transfected bovine fetal fibroblasts, expression of intracellular IFN-α induced resistance to vesicular stomatitis virus infection, increased apoptosis, and induced the expression of double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase gene (PKR) and the 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase gene (2′-5′ OAS), which are IFN-inducible genes with antiviral activity. Analysis by qRT-PCR showed that the mRNA expression levels of PKR, 2′-5′ OAS, and P53 were significantly increased in wild-type bovine fetal fibroblasts stimulated with extracellular recombinant human IFN-α-2b, showing that intracellular IFN-α induces biological functions similar to extracellular IFN-α. In conclusion, expression of intracellular hIFN-α conferred antiviral properties in transfected bovine fetal fibroblasts and did not significantly affect the full development of SCNT embryos. Thus, IFN-α transgenic technology may provide a revolutionary way to achieve elite breeding of livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Yu
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shoufeng Zhang
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, China
| | - Weihua Du
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jinxia Zhang
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, China
| | - Zongxing Fan
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haisheng Hao
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueming Zhao
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Qin
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huabin Zhu
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Schachtner H, Li A, Stevenson D, Calaminus SDJ, Thomas S, Watson SP, Sixt M, Wedlich-Soldner R, Strathdee D, Machesky LM. Tissue inducible Lifeact expression allows visualization of actin dynamics in vivo and ex vivo. Eur J Cell Biol 2012; 91:923-929. [PMID: 22658956 PMCID: PMC3930012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe here the development and characterization of a conditionally inducible mouse model expressing Lifeact-GFP, a peptide that reports the dynamics of filamentous actin. We have used this model to study platelets, megakaryocytes and melanoblasts and we provide evidence that Lifeact-GFP is a useful reporter in these cell types ex vivo. In the case of platelets and megakaryocytes, these cells are not transfectable by traditional methods, so conditional activation of Lifeact allows the study of actin dynamics in these cells live. We studied melanoblasts in native skin explants from embryos, allowing the visualization of live actin dynamics during cytokinesis and migration. Our study revealed that melanoblasts lacking the small GTPase Rac1 show a delay in the formation of new pseudopodia following cytokinesis that accounts for the previously reported cytokinesis delay in these cells. Thus, through use of this mouse model, we were able to gain insights into the actin dynamics of cells that could only previously be studied using fixed specimens or following isolation from their native tissue environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Schachtner
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD
| | - Ang Li
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD
| | - David Stevenson
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD
| | - Simon D. J. Calaminus
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD
| | - Steve Thomas
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT
| | - Steve P. Watson
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT
| | - Michael Sixt
- Institute of Science and Technology, Am Campus 1, A-3400 Klosterneuberg, Austria
| | - Roland Wedlich-Soldner
- Cellular Dynamics and Cell Patterning, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am, Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Douglas Strathdee
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD
| | - Laura M. Machesky
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD
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Abstract
The role of platelets in hemostasis and thrombosis is clearly established; however, the mechanisms by which platelets mediate inflammatory and immune pathways are less well understood. Platelets interact and modulate the function of blood and vascular cells by releasing bioactive molecules. Although the platelet is anucleate, it contains transcripts that may mirror disease. Platelet mRNA is only associated with low-level protein translation; however, platelets have a unique membrane structure allowing for the passage of small molecules, leading to the possibility that its cytoplasmic RNA may be passed to nucleated cells. To examine this question, platelet-like particles with labeled RNA were cocultured with vascular cells. Coculture of platelet-like particles with activated THP-1, monocytic, and endothelial cells led to visual and functional RNA transfer. Posttransfer microarray gene expression analysis of THP-1 cells showed an increase in HBG1/HBG2 and HBA1/HBA2 expression that was directly related to the transfer. Infusion of wild-type platelets into a TLR2-deficient mouse model established in vivo confirmation of select platelet RNA transfer to leukocytes. By specifically transferring green fluorescent protein, we also observed external RNA was functional in the recipient cells. The observation that platelets possess the capacity to transfer cytosolic RNA suggests a new function for platelets in the regulation of vascular homeostasis.
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Abstract
AbstractWe aimed to find a transfection method which provides high efficiency with minimal cytotoxic and/or apoptotic effects for gene transfer into multilayer primary chondrogenic cell cultures. The pEGFP-C1 plasmid was introduced into the cell culture and the efficiency of transformation quantified by GFP fluorescence; the resulting nucleofection was effective but resulted in severe apoptosis. Two liposomal reagents designed to allow transfection into adherent cells did not deliver the plasmids sufficiently and cartilage formation did not occur. In addition, a third liposomal compound, recommended for transfection into either adherent or suspension cell cultures, lead to acceptable transfection efficiency but no cartilage formation. When an amphiphilic reagent was used however, there was acceptable transfection efficiency as well as cartilage formation. The viability of the cells which were transfected using the amphiphilic reagent remained unaffected but proliferation was severely diminished, particularly in the presence of GFP. In addition, the amount of cartilage decreased when GFP was expressed, despite unchanged levels of mRNAs of sox9 and aggrecan core protein, factors reflecting on the efficiency of chondrogenesis. Overexpression of both the constitutively active delta and gamma isoforms of catalytic subunit of calcineurin, a protein phosphatase described as a positive regulator of chondrogenesis, decreased protein level of Sox9 and subsequent cartilage formation. In conclusion, we found that amphiphilic reagent applied prior to the adhesion of cells provides a useful means to transfer plasmids to primary differentiating chondrogenic cells.
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Stroh T, Erben U, Kühl AA, Zeitz M, Siegmund B. Combined pulse electroporation--a novel strategy for highly efficient transfection of human and mouse cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9488. [PMID: 20209146 PMCID: PMC2830457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The type of a nucleic acid and the type of the cell to be transfected generally affect the efficiency of electroporation, the versatile method of choice for gene regulation studies or for recombinant protein expression. We here present a combined square pulse electroporation strategy to reproducibly and efficiently transfect eukaryotic cells. Cells suspended in a universal buffer system received an initial high voltage pulse that was continuously combined with a subsequent low voltage pulse with independently defined electric parameters of the effective field and the duration of each pulse. At comparable viable cell recoveries and transfection efficiencies of up to 95% of all cells, a wide variety of cells especially profited from this combined pulse strategy by high protein expression levels of individual cells after transfection. Long-term silencing of gene expression by transfected small interfering RNA was most likely due to the uptake of large nucleic acid amounts as shown by direct detection of fluorochromated small interfering RNA. The highly efficient combined pulse electroporation strategy enables for external regulation of the number of naked nucleic acid molecules taken up and can be easily adapted for cells considered difficult to transfect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Stroh
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik I, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Erben
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik I, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja A. Kühl
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik I, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Zeitz
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik I, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik I, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: britta
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Isakari Y, Sogo S, Ishida T, Kawakami T, Ono T, Taki T, Kiwada H. Gene Expression Analysis during Platelet-Like Particle Production in Phorbol Myristate Acetate-Treated MEG-01 Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:354-8. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Isakari
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Subdivision of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima
- Molecular Medical Science Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Shinji Sogo
- Molecular Medical Science Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Tatsuhiro Ishida
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Subdivision of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima
| | - Takuma Kawakami
- Molecular Medical Science Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Toshihide Ono
- BioInfomatics Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Takao Taki
- Molecular Medical Science Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Hiroshi Kiwada
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Subdivision of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima
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