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Lapshin OV, Boldyreva EV, Boldyrev VV. Role of Mixing and Milling in Mechanochemical Synthesis (Review). RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023621030116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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2
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Kaur N, Duggirala NK, Thakral S, Suryanarayanan R. Role of Lattice Disorder in Water-Mediated Dissociation of Pharmaceutical Cocrystal Systems. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3167-3177. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Navpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Naga Kiran Duggirala
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Seema Thakral
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Raj Suryanarayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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3
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Shi Q, Moinuddin SM, Cai T. Advances in coamorphous drug delivery systems. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:19-35. [PMID: 30766775 PMCID: PMC6361732 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the coamorphous drug delivery system has been established as a promising formulation approach for delivering poorly water-soluble drugs. The coamorphous solid is a single-phase system containing an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and other low molecular weight molecules that might be pharmacologically relevant APIs or excipients. These formulations exhibit considerable advantages over neat crystalline or amorphous material, including improved physical stability, dissolution profiles, and potentially enhanced therapeutic efficacy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of coamorphous drug delivery systems from the perspectives of preparation, physicochemical characteristics, physical stability, in vitro and in vivo performance. Furthermore, the challenges and strategies in developing robust coamorphous drug products of high quality and performance are briefly discussed.
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Key Words
- API, active pharmaceutical ingredient;
- AUC, area under plasma concentrations-time curve
- BCS, bio-pharmaceutics classification systems
- Bioavailability
- Characterization
- Cmax, maximum plasma concentration
- Coamorphous
- Css, plasma concentration at steady state
- DSC, differential scanning calorimetry
- DVS, dynamic vapor sorption
- Dc, relative degree of crystallization
- Dissolution
- FT-IR, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- HME, hot melt extrusion
- HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
- IDR, intrinsic dissolution rate
- LFRS, low-frequency Raman spectroscopy
- LLPS, liquid—liquid phase separation
- MTDSC, modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- P-gp, P-glycoprotein
- PXRD, powder X-ray diffraction
- Physical stability
- Preparation
- RH, relative humidity
- SEM, scanning electron microscope
- TGA, thermogravimetric analysis
- Tg, glass transition temperature
- Tmax, time of maximum plasma concentration
- UV, ultraviolet spectroscopy
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ting Cai
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 25 83271123.
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Elisei E, Willart JF, Danède F, Siepmann J, Siepmann F, Descamps M. Crystalline Polymorphism Emerging From a Milling-Induced Amorphous Form: The Case of Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:121-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Descamps M, Willart JF. Perspectives on the amorphisation/milling relationship in pharmaceutical materials. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 100:51-66. [PMID: 26826439 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents an overview of recent advances in understanding the role of the amorphous state in the physical and chemical transformations of pharmaceutical materials induced by mechanical milling. The following points are addressed: (1) Is milling really able to amorphise crystals?, (2) Conditions for obtaining an amorphisation, (3) Milling of hydrates, (4) Producing amorphous state without changing the chemical nature, (5) Milling induced crystal to crystal transformations: mediation by an amorphous state, (6) Nature of the amorphous state obtained by milling, (7) Milling of amorphous compounds: accelerated aging or rejuvenation, (8) Specific recrystallisation behaviour, and (9) Toward a rationalisation and conceptual framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Descamps
- UMET, Unité Matériaux et Transformations, CNRS, Univ. Lille, F 59 000 Lille, France
| | - J F Willart
- UMET, Unité Matériaux et Transformations, CNRS, Univ. Lille, F 59 000 Lille, France.
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Russo MG, Sancho MI, Silva LMA, Baldoni HA, Venancio T, Ellena J, Narda GE. Looking for the interactions between omeprazole and amoxicillin in a disordered phase. An experimental and theoretical study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 156:70-77. [PMID: 26654963 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, co-grinding mixtures of omeprazole-amoxicillin trihydrate (CGM samples) and omeprazole-anhydrous amoxicillin (CGMa samples) at 3:7, 1:1 and 7:3 molar ratios, respectively, were studied with the aim of obtaining a co-amorphous system and determining the potential intermolecular interactions. These systems were fully characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), FT-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and solid state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (ssNMR). The co-grinding process was not useful to get a co-amorphous system but it led to obtaining the 1:1 CGMa disordered phase. Moreover, in this system both FTIR and ssNMR analysis strongly suggest intermolecular interactions between the sulfoxide group of omeprazole and the primary amine of amoxicillin anhydrous. The solubility measurements were performed in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) to prove the effect of the co-grinding process. Complementarily, we carried out density functional theory calculations (DFT) followed by quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses in order to shed some light on the principles that guide the possible formation of heterodimers at the molecular level, which are supported by spectroscopic experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos G Russo
- Inorganic Chemistry, INTEQUI, National University of San Luis, Chacabuco and Pedernera-5700, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Matias I Sancho
- Physical Chemical Laboratory, National University of San Luis, Chacabuco and Pedernera-5700, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Lorena M A Silva
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, PO Box 676, 13565-905 São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Hector A Baldoni
- Institute of Applied Mathematics San Luis (IMASL-CONICET), National University of San Luis, Chacabuco and Pedernera-5700, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Tiago Venancio
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, PO Box 676, 13565-905 São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Javier Ellena
- Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Griselda E Narda
- Inorganic Chemistry, INTEQUI, National University of San Luis, Chacabuco and Pedernera-5700, San Luis, Argentina.
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7
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Understanding pharmaceutical polymorphic transformations I: influence of process variables and storage conditions. Ther Deliv 2015; 5:1123-42. [PMID: 25418270 DOI: 10.4155/tde.14.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of a dosage form is affected by number of mechanical and environmental factors which have a tendency to alter its crystalline state. Polymorphic transitions have been observed to occur during various unit operations like granulation, milling and compression. Forces of pressure, shear and temperature have an ability to induce alterations in crystal habit. A conversion in polymorphic form during a unit operation is very likely to affect the handling of API in the subsequent unit operation. Transitions have also been observed during storage of formulations where the relative humidity and temperature play a major role. An increase in temperature during storage can dehydrate or desolvate the crystal and hence produce crystal defects, whilst, high humidity conditions produce higher molecular mobility leading to either crystallization of API or alteration of its crystalline form.
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Yang Z, Nollenberger K, Albers J, Qi S. Molecular Implications of Drug–Polymer Solubility in Understanding the Destabilization of Solid Dispersions by Milling. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:2453-65. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500205c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Yang
- School
of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, U.K
- School
of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
| | | | | | - Sheng Qi
- School
of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, U.K
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Chakravarty P, Bates S, Thomas L. Identification of a Potential Conformationally Disordered Mesophase in a Small Molecule: Experimental and Computational Approaches. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:2809-22. [DOI: 10.1021/mp300558m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paroma Chakravarty
- Small Molecules Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA way, South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Simon Bates
- Triclinic Laboratories, Inc., 1201 Cumberland Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana
47906, United States
| | - Leonard Thomas
- DSC Solutions LLC, 27 E. Braeburn Drive, Smyrna, Delaware
19977, United States
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Willart JF, Durand M, Briggner LE, Marx A, Danède F, Descamps M. Solid-state amorphization of linaprazan by mechanical milling and evidence of polymorphism. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:2214-20. [PMID: 23686607 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we study the thermodynamic and structural changes of crystalline linaprazan (a proton pump inhibitor) upon high-energy ball milling at room temperature. The investigations have been performed by differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction. The results indicate that this drug undergoes a direct crystal-to-glass transformation upon milling. Moreover, upon heating, the amorphous material obtained by milling is shown to recrystallize toward two different polymorphs that appear to form a monotropic set.
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Mahieu A, Willart JF, Dudognon E, Eddleston MD, Jones W, Danède F, Descamps M. On the Polymorphism of Griseofulvin: Identification of Two Additional Polymorphs. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:462-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Trasi NS, Byrn SR. Mechanically induced amorphization of drugs: a study of the thermal behavior of cryomilled compounds. AAPS PharmSciTech 2012; 13:772-84. [PMID: 22585375 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-012-9801-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to determine what aspect of the milled compound influences its thermal profile. For this, six different compounds with different properties were chosen and cryomilled for different times to get an amorphous solid. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction were used to characterize the material and look at the thermal behavior. Melt-quenched samples were also prepared, and the thermal profile upon milling was determined and correlated with the thermal behavior of the cryomilled samples. Growth rates were determined by hot-stage microscopy. Ketoconazole, when cryomilled, showed only one crystallization exotherm in the DSC profile. Ursodiol, and to some extent indomethacin, initially showed a double exotherm which eventually become a single exotherm on further milling. Griseofulvin, carbamazepine, and piroxicam exhibited a double exotherm in the DSC profile upon cryomilling to the amorphous state. Surface crystal growth rates around T (g) were found to be highest for compounds showing the double exotherm in the DSC. Thus, it was seen that compounds which have high surface crystallization tendency will exhibit the double exotherm during heating.
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Zhu W, Romanski FS, Dalvi SV, Dave RN, Silvina Tomassone M. Atomistic simulations of aqueous griseofulvin crystals in the presence of individual and multiple additives. Chem Eng Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Willart JF, Carpentier L, Danède F, Descamps M. Solid-state vitrification of crystalline griseofulvin by mechanical milling. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:1570-7. [PMID: 22252982 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The thermodynamic, dynamic, and structural changes of crystalline griseofulvin upon high-energy ball milling at room temperature have been studied. The investigations have been performed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dielectric relaxation spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction. The results indicate that this compound undergoes a direct crystal-to-glass transformation upon milling, whereas no glass transition can be clearly detected upon heating because of the exceptional sub-glass transition temperature (T(g) ) recrystallization of the milled sample. This intrinsic difficulty for characterizing the glassy state has been overcome using three independent strategies: (i) comparison of the evolutions upon milling of both the crystalline powder and the quenched liquid, (ii) use of fast DSC to delay the recrystallization event, and (iii) search for dielectric β relaxations typical of glasses in the milled compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Willart
- Université Lille Nord de France, USTL Unité Matériaux et Transformations, UMR CNRS 8207, F-59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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15
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Origin of Two Modes of Non-isothermal Crystallization of Glasses Produced by Milling. Pharm Res 2011; 29:1020-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0644-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Brittain HG. Polymorphism and Solvatomorphism 2009. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:1260-79. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Greco K, Bogner R. Crystallization of Amorphous Indomethacin during Dissolution: Effect of Processing and Annealing. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:1406-18. [DOI: 10.1021/mp1000197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristyn Greco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Robin Bogner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
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Investigation of the milling-induced thermal behavior of crystalline and amorphous griseofulvin. Pharm Res 2010; 27:1377-89. [PMID: 20490628 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0129-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To gain a better understanding of the physical state and the unusual thermal behavior of milled griseofulvin. METHODS Griseofulvin crystals and amorphous melt quench samples were milled in a vibrating ball mill for different times and then analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Modulated DSC (mDSC) and annealing studies were done for the milled amorphous samples to further probe the effects of milling. RESULTS Milling of griseofulvin crystals results in decrease in crystallinity and amorphization of the compound. A double peak is seen for crystallization in the DSC, which is also seen for the milled melt quench sample. Both enthalpy and temperature of crystallization decrease for the milled melt quenched sample. Tg is visible under the first peak with the mDSC, and annealing shows that increasing milling time results in faster crystallization upon storage. CONCLUSION Milling of griseofulvin results in the formation of an amorphous form and not a mesophase. It increases the amount of surface created and the overall energy of the amorphous griseofulvin, which leads to a decreased temperature of crystallization. The two exotherms in the DSC are due to some particles having nuclei on the surface.
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Planins̄ek O, Zadnik J, Kunaver M, Src̄ic̄ S, Godec A. Structural evolution of indomethacin particles upon milling: Time‐resolved quantification and localization of disordered structure studied by IGC and DSC. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:1968-81. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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