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Guillot AJ, Martínez-Navarrete M, Garrigues TM, Melero A. Skin drug delivery using lipid vesicles: A starting guideline for their development. J Control Release 2023; 355:624-654. [PMID: 36775245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Lipid vesicles can provide a cost-effective enhancement of skin drug absorption when vesicle production process is optimised. It is an important challenge to design the ideal vesicle, since their properties and features are related, as changes in one affect the others. Here, we review the main components, preparation and characterization methods commonly used, and the key properties that lead to highly efficient vesicles for transdermal drug delivery purposes. We stand by size, deformability degree and drug loading, as the most important vesicle features that determine the further transdermal drug absorption. The interest in this technology is increasing, as demonstrated by the exponential growth of publications on the topic. Although long-term preservation and scalability issues have limited the commercialization of lipid vesicle products, freeze-drying and modern escalation methods overcome these difficulties, thus predicting a higher use of these technologies in the market and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio José Guillot
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente A. Estelles SN, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Miquel Martínez-Navarrete
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente A. Estelles SN, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Teresa M Garrigues
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente A. Estelles SN, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Ana Melero
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente A. Estelles SN, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain.
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Exploration of Microneedle-assisted Skin Delivery of Cyanocobalamin formulated in Ultraflexible Lipid Vesicles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 177:184-198. [PMID: 35787430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) deficiency is a widespread condition because of its different aetiologies, like malabsorption syndrome or lifestyles as strict veganism that is increasing its incidence and prevalence in developed countries. It has important haematological consequences that require pharmacological treatment. Current therapy consists of oral or parenteral supplements of cyanocobalamin; however, the oral route is discarded for malabsorption syndrome patients and the parenteral route is not well accepted generally. Topical treatments have been suggested as an alternative, but the molecular weight and hydrophilicity of cyanocobalamin limits its diffusion through the skin. Lipid vesicles can allow the transdermal absorption of molecules >500 Da. The aim of this work was to use different ultraflexible lipid vesicles (transfersomes and ethosomes) to enhance cyanocobalamin transdermal delivery. Vesicles were characterized and lyophilised for long-term stability. The ability to deliver cyanocobalamin through the skin was assessed in vitro using full-thickness porcine skin in Franz diffusion cells. As expected, the best transdermal fluxes were provided by ultraflexible vesicles, in comparison to a drug solution. Moreover, the pre-treatment of the skin with a solid microneedle array boosts the amount of drug that could potentially reach the systemic circulation.
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Ciprofloxacin self-dissolvable Soluplus based polymeric films: a novel proposal to improve the management of eye infections. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:608-625. [PMID: 33528829 PMCID: PMC7852484 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00887-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Infections of the eye are among the leading causes of vision impairment and vision loss worldwide. The ability of a drug to access the anterior parts of the eye is negligible after systemic administration. Effective drug delivery to the eye is a major challenge due to the presence of protective mechanisms and physiological barriers that result in low ocular availability after topical application. The main purpose of this work was the improvement of the corneal and conjunctival permeation of the antibiotic Ciprofloxacin, a wide spectrum antibiotic used for the most common eye infection, using a self-dissolving polymeric film. Films were prepared by the solvent casting technique, using polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft co-polymer (Soluplus), polyvynyl alcohol, and propylene glycol. Films were homogeneous in drug content and thickness, as demonstrated by adapting the Swiss Roll technique followed by microscopy observation. These films proved in vitro to control the release of the Ciprofloxacin. Ex vivo permeability studies using Franz diffusion cells and porcine cornea and sclera showed an effective permeability of the drug without inducing irritation of the tissues. Films swelled in contact with artificial tears forming an in situ gel over 20 min, which will improve drug contact and reduce the need of multiple dosing. The antibiotic activity was also tested in vitro in five types of bacterial cultures, assuring the pharmacological efficacy of the films. The developed films are a promising drug delivery system to topically treat or prevent ocular infections.
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Melero A, Guillot A, Carneiro C, Nuñez-Sanchez H, Rodríguez-Martí L, Chiari-Andréo BG, Marto J, Ribeiro H, Garrigues T, Isaac V. Caffeine analysis and extraction from a topical cream intended for UV-skin protection. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2020.1838919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Melero
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Guillot
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Carneiro
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Hugo Nuñez-Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Rodríguez-Martí
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Bruna Galdorfini Chiari-Andréo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, University of Araraquara, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joana Marto
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helena Ribeiro
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Garrigues
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vera Isaac
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pichayakorn W, Suksaeree J, Boonme P, Taweepreda W, Amnuaikit T, Ritthidej GC. Transdermal nicotine mixed natural rubber-hydroxypropylmethylcellulose film forming systems for smoking cessation:in vitroevaluations. Pharm Dev Technol 2014; 20:966-975. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2014.954725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Melero A, Ferreira Ourique A, Stanisçuaski Guterres S, Raffin Pohlmann A, Lehr CM, Ruver Beck RC, Schaefer U. Nanoencapsulation in Lipid-Core Nanocapsules Controls Mometasone Furoate Skin Permeability Rate and Its Penetration to the Deeper Skin Layers. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 27:217. [DOI: 10.1159/000354921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Pan CC, Shaw CF, Huang JK, Kuo CC, Kuo DH, Shieh P, Lu T, Chen WC, Ho CM, Jan CR. Effect of nortriptyline on cytosolic Ca2+ regulation and viability in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. Drug Dev Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Patel DR, Feucht C, Reid L, Patel ND. Pharmacologic agents for smoking cessation: a clinical review. Clin Pharmacol 2010; 2:17-29. [PMID: 22291484 PMCID: PMC3262366 DOI: 10.2147/cpaa.s8788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco use has been clearly demonstrated to have negative health consequences. Smoking cigarettes is the predominant method of tobacco use. The tar contained within cigarettes and other similar products is also harmful. Other tarless tobacco containing products do exist but carry no significantly decreased risk. While nicotine is considered to be principally responsible for tobacco addiction, other chemicals in the cigarette smoke including acetaldehyde may contribute to the addictive properties of tobacco products. The adverse health consequences of tobacco use have been well documented. Studies have shown that a combined behavioral and pharmacological approach is more effective in smoking cessation than either approach alone. Pharmacotherapy can achieve 50% reduction in smoking. With pharmacotherapy the estimated 6-month abstinence rate is about 20%, whereas it is about 10% without pharmacotherapy. The first-line of drugs for smoking cessation are varenicline, bupropion sustained release, and nicotine replacement drugs, which are approved for use in adults. Data are insufficient to recommend their use in adolescents. This article reviews the use of pharmacological agents used for smoking cessation. A brief overview of epidemiology, chemistry, and adverse health effects of smoking is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip R Patel
- Michigan State University, Kalamazoo Center for Medical Studies, Kalamazoo, MI, USA.
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Melero A, Lehr CM, Schäfer UF, Garrigues TM. Wistar rat skin as surrogate for human skin in nortriptyline hydrochloride patch studies. Int J Pharm 2010; 384:137-9. [PMID: 19781607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Six different matrices were prepared containing nortriptyline hydrochloride (NTH) with hydroxypropyl-methyl-cellulose as polymer. A mixture of transdermal enhancers was included as part of the vehicle. Diffusion studies were carried out through Wistar rat full thickness skin using Franz cells. They were compared with previously determined human heat separated epidermis in order to test if this animal can be used as model for in vivo assays. A linear correlation was obtained between NTH diffusion coefficients through both skin types (r2=0.996).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Melero
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics, University of Valencia, Av. VA Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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